...Raymond Williams argues that ‘Culture is one of the two or three most complicated words in the English language’ (1983: 87). With reference to at least one of the key readings other than the extracts from Williams that you’ve studied in weeks 1-5, discuss (1) why Williams argues this and (2) some of the different ways in which culture has been defined. Culture is one of the most difficult words to define as there are so many modern and traditional meanings that come across as being the ‘true’ definition. Williams said that it is because ‘it is now used in important concepts in intellectual disciplines and systems of thought’, however a more modern way of putting this is that it is part of spiritual development and a way of life. Arnold describes culture as a ‘study of perfection’, which, if you look at the dictionary definition of culture, applies to it; ‘Noun: The arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively’, referring to high culture. High culture, as Leavis put it is ‘the use of such language’, meaning the appreciation of finer living. Finer living means people who visit the theatre, art galleries, drink fine wines; are socially higher than the majority of society who most of the time cannot afford to live like that, they would swap the theatre for a cinema, the art gallery for ‘Madame Tussards’ and the wine bar for a nightclub. Such definition of the word culture makes it seem like a class division; something that Shakespeare picked...
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...The Power of Imagery in Consumer Culture Keshini Namasivayam 500556528 Ryerson University FSN 503 Bernie Murray Wednesday, November 11th, 2015 The Power of Imagery in Consumer Culture The twenty-first century is a time period in which consumer culture is a dominant force in society. Through visual tactics, retail brands are able to persuade individuals to embody the lifestyle culture that their brand represents, which subsequently leads consumers to purchase their products. Through powerful advertisements brands are able to evoke thoughts and emotions into our subconscious, which lead us to conform. The root of consumerism lies in the fact that “our capitalist society is dependent on the overproduction of goods, so increasing desire for goods is a must” (Sturken & Cartwright, 2009, p. 267). Through advertising, brands use tactics that make the individual feel they can connect to the brand. Consequently, the individual then feels a sense of desire for the product. This paper will analyze five concepts that are used by popular brands including product association, commodity fetishism, lifestyle promotion, sex appeal and cultural appropriation. Product Association Figure 1. Godiva chocolate advertisement. Figure 1. Godiva chocolate advertisement. Often, without our realization, our values and perceptions are being influenced to fit a certain construct. All of a sudden we feel that mere a physical product can define who we are. Brands build a culture in which...
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...post-Western Empire society May 30th, 2018 The Western Roman Empire fell in 476 CE, a time that corresponded with growth in the number of Christians. As a result of the fall, Germanic tribes acquired power from the Romans and Christianity thrived under a newfound sense of freedom. Centuries later, critics asserted that the fall of the Empire damaged law, economics, and culture in the Western World. But what beneficial aspects did these critics ignore? To start with, this paper discusses politicians being allowed to marry out of their faith. Next, it examines non-Roman’s respect for the Romans and the desire to sustain their culture. Moreover, the paper discusses the benefits of the Roman use of symbols and...
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...| | | | | | | | An Analytical Study on the branding image of Bangladesh in the International Market Introduction Bangladesh is in South Asia sometimes converging with Southeast Asia, bordering the Bay of Bengal to the south, mostly surrounded by India and bordering Myanmar in the southeast. Bangladesh is a country bestowed with the gifts of nature. It has nurtured some of the most ancient civilizations of this continent. The young country came into existence after a blood-spattered liberation war in 1971. But the pace of growth and development has been impeded by many factors. Bangladesh, as a Least Developing Country (LDC), faces a reputation challenge which is popularly known as its image problem. Bangladesh has gained the image of a country with too many people, too much poverty, too little resources, too frequent disasters and too little ability to change for better. Recently poor law and order, Rana Plaza Collapse, bad investment climate, political chaos and Islamic terrorism have killed its image more. To remove all the negative aspects and image surrounding Bangladesh and to make it as a beautiful and prospective country it is highly recommended to branding Bangladesh. But where do we stand? What is Nation Branding? Before digging deep into the issue, let’s look at what is nation branding. Nation branding aims to measure build and manage the reputation of countries (closely related to place branding). Some approaches applied, such as an increasing...
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...mirror of our society. It is therefore a source of communication put into meaning by ones ideology and inspiration, which allows us to related to Art in our own way. Visual Arts evokes conversation and seeks to solve problems of creativity and visual communication which has become a dominant global, social, racial, political, religious and capitalist force. The commercialization and commodification of this Visual Art shapes perceptions of visual cultures and visual communication. Art is therefore a reflection of a society influenced by ones own self concepts and experiences. – Differences + Value = Meaning society puts to define differences. Though Art is popular culture, John Stoy defines popular culture as an empty conceptual category, one that can be filled in a wide variety of often conflicting ways, depending on the context of use (Cultural Theory and Popular Culture Pg. 1. 1998) Process of defending popular culture. * Smaller number of people engaging in what the way of life is. * Raymond Williams – ‘Popular’ term developed as a kind of negative condition, of the ‘Common People’ – ‘loud, vulgar based’ by the late 18th century associated with widespread usage.’ Shift-negaive to (positive) popular of definition to (culture) popular culture. * Inference that popular culture is negative (initially) * Issues of authenticity very important * Issues of comodification and commercial item. * John Fiske 1989 – ‘Popular culture is formed...
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... American females have been struggled a constant combat for inclusive equality in a culture that maintains an accommodation for men. Despite the fact that remarkable paces have been created for women, until our present day we are still known as victims of distortion and social prejudice. Miss Representation film demonstrates the humiliating interpretations of females' association in media through the lack of women's power in culture. Miss representation is an intuitive documentary film directed by Jennifer Siebel Newsom, and Kimberlee Acquaro. It disputes the restrictive and hideous realities of female's image in American media, demonstrating the overall impact on women and girls' self assurance and their healthy body, while supplying to the largely depression of women in modern culture. Assemble from the principle, the medium of film forces the media producers to be more ethical through employing affirmative female role models. The message of the film clearly illustrates how observers are been overwhelmed by over-sexualized media representations of females in divergence with pictures of enormous matter and leadership roles of females. Although the media are considered dispensable and is brainwashing our minds from concentrating on important aspects of life in terms of education, family relations, friendship, healthy lifestyle. The media is unfortunately shaping and influencing our...
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... * * * * * Much of our perceptions of the world are based on narratives and the images that we see in film, television, radio, music, and other media. These are some of the outlets that construct how individuals see their social identities, as well as learn and understand about what it is to be black, white, Native American, Asian, South American, etc. (Dow, Wood, 2006, p. 297). You will get a better understanding of this once you understand the concept of ideologies. Ideologies are what create our perception of the world around us, whether it is political, social, economic, etc. Ideologies are not the product of individual intention or conscious, rather we create our intentions within ideology (Marris, Thornham, 2000, p. 267). These ideologies exist before we are even born; they form the social constructions and conditions that we are born into. But, ideologies are just a practice, and it is produced and reproduced in apparatus of ideological production. The media is a great example of an apparatus of ideological production (Marris, Thornham, 2000, p. 273). It produces social meanings and distributes them throughout society. However, as long as ideologies continue so will social struggles such as racism, which we will discuss in this essay. Media elites represent different races through media based on their ideologies. This has a predominant influence on the social constructions of race and contributes to our understanding of it. The media is bias...
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...ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APIIT Diploma Part I Individual Assignment Organizational and Social Environment Hilton hotel Prepared By Raize Hassam(CB004338) Module Code & Title Cohort FF1221 Date of Submission 15/09/2011 Instructor Ms. Sankapali Gunawardena Word Count 2000 Acknowledgement The authors would like to first of all thank her managing business lecturers Mrs.Shumara and Ms. Sankapali Gunawardena for all the support and guide he gave her to finish this assignment successfully. The authors would also like to thank her parents and friends for all their commitments and encouragement. Last but not the least the authors would like to thank the administration for all the facilities they have provided which made it easy to complete this assignment on time. Abstract As assigned by the lecturers Ms.Shurmara Fernando and Ms.Sankapali Gunawardena for the module Organizational and Social Environment, the authors were required to investigate research and observe an area of Internal and External Business Environment in any local business organization. Therefore the authors selected “Colombo Hilton Hotel” to do their research according...
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...Analysis Twila Clayton BUS 475 June 6, 2012 James Sternieri Strategic Plan Part 2: Swot Analysis Internal Analysis Wal-Mart’s culture includes a list of values and beliefs based on their management and employee relations. This culture that’s included are an Open Door Policy where management believes open communication critical to understanding and meeting our associates’ and our customers’ needs. Associates can trust and rely on the open door; it's one of the most important parts of our culture. Sundown Rule is a rule that management attempts to answer request by the close of business. Grass Roots Process is a belief that associates’ ideas, suggestions and concerns matter. The 10-foot Rule is a customer service tactic that greets and engages customers that are within 10 feet distance. Servant Leadership is a policy Wal-Mart uses to listen to their partners and associates in an attempt to create morale and teamwork. Teamwork is a big part of their store culture as Sam Walton believes in the power of teamwork to help grow at the pace of modern life. Wal-Mart Cheer is incorporated by all associates by shouting enthusiastically inside the store to show pride in the company. Lastly, Wal-Mart reads associates’ stories to carry out their beliefs and values as well. Company image Wal-Mart aims to help customers save money to improve their purchasing power to live better. The company’s marketing efforts are to establish awareness that they are the price leaders in their market. In recent...
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...BIBL 110 Introduction In Paul letter to the Romans he provides for us a biblical view of creation, which is our natural world, our human identity as it relates to God, human relationship and how it should be understood and culture. He shows us God’s love for all mankind, regardless of nationality or cultural background through His saving grace found in Jesus Christ. He grants salvation to all by faith in His son, with no favoritism or partiality. Man is incapable of saving himself, it is not earned through his works or good deeds, it’s only found by faith in Christ. It is essential for us today to have a clear and proper biblical understanding of our Creator, our relationship to Him and others, sin and its consequences and also our justification and redemption found in Jesus Christ. The Natural World Our natural world was spoken into existence by God and was perfect in its creation. The bible explains to us how the world was formed in Genesis 1:1-25 and God called His creation good. His purpose for creating our natural world and all that is in it was to worship and glorify Him. Our natural world is clearly a manifestation of His existence, sovereignty and power as stated in (Romans 1:20-21). There is general revelation of God’s creation, which speaks to everyone regardless of their culture and language and regardless of their access to Scriptures or the gospel according to (Psalms 19:1-6). God intended for man to subdue and take dominion...
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...Ryan Plunkett Ray Setters AMS 250 7 March 2013 The Culture of Narcissism Paper For over the past 30 years there has been a prevailing idea that American society has changed drastically. While it is undeniable that every person is different and there are always plenty of exceptions to the norm, in many ways our modern society has become very similar to what Christopher Lasch predicted in The Culture of Narcissism. Unfortunately, it would be safe to say that some modern people are in a state that is extremely pre-occupied with the self. The idea of narcissism came from psychology and is mostly attributed to Sigmund Freud. It was considered to be an extreme preoccupation with the self that distorted ones relationship to reality. This resulted in an inability to make a clear distinction between themselves as the subject and what existed outside them. They were so focused on themselves that they lost awareness of the real beyond them. Because the narcissist does not recognize the separate existence of 'the other' they tend to use reality as a mirror to reflect messages back to the self. The other is there to impress, to be admired by, and to get pity from. The Narcissist is so identified with his/her needs that the other person is simply there to be available for them. In his book The Culture of Narcissism Christopher Larsch describes the Narcissistic personality, “the Narcissist can function in the everyday world - and is often very charming. However, his devaluation...
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...APPRECIATIVE INQUIRY AS AN ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPMENT TOOL by Charles F. Martinetz, PhD Appreciative inquiry can get you much better results than seeking out and solving problems. That’s an interesting concept for me—and I image for most of you—because telephone companies are among the best problem solvers in the world. We trouble shoot everything. We concentrate enormous resources on correcting problems that have relatively minor impact on our overall service performance. When used continually and over a long period of time, this approach can lead to a negative culture. If you combine a negative culture with all the challenges we face today, it could be easy to convince ourselves that we have too many problems to overcome and to slip into a paralyzing sense of hopelessness. And yet if we flip the coin, we have so much to be excited about. We are in the most dynamic and the most influential business of our times. We ought to be excited, motivated, and energized. We can be if we turn ourselves around and start looking at our jobs and ourselves differently. If we kill negative selftalk and celebrate our successes. If we dissect what we do right and apply the lessons to what we do wrong, we can solve our problems and re-energize the organization at the same time. In the long run what is likely to be more useful? Demoralizing a successful workforce by concentrating on their failures or helping them over their last few hurdles by building a bridge with their successes? Don’t get...
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...mediates our social worlds as we accord them high authority in the transmission of information and creation of meaningful experience. Similarly, intercultural communication provides shared understandings of the world and is a significant influence on individual and cultural identity formation. Through cross-cultural communication analysis, one can learn of how cultural and social interaction can shape a person’s micro and macro worlds through communicative processes. The study of semiotics has shed light on the nature in which individuals deduce meanings from mass media texts or visual signs. ‘Social and cultural life is invested with meaning and value by regular symbolic representations’ (Coupland & Gwyn 2003, p. 1). In a world increasingly dominated by visual signs, we find ourselves looking to these to construct meanings (Hall 1997). Through the study of semiotics and the notion of sign systems, I gained an understanding of the authority that people accord to visual representations that enables them to shape the mediated world and influence patterns of socialisation. Looking at the world from my own experience as a communicator, I realised the potential of conventional signs to construct meaning and the pervasive nature of signification (Saussure 1916). If we think of society today as ‘one huge connotative signifying order’ (Danesi 2002, p. 170), we can almost effortlessly identify conventional signs and the fundamental influence they have on the construction of our worlds...
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...Power and Place in a Globalised World The world we live in has become increasingly globalised in the last few decades, and is continuing to do so further. Globalisation has caused the study of Human Geography to become more important in today’s world. The topics of power and place are huge parts of this study. Globalisation has caused our world to become smaller and more accessible. However, globalisation has led to an uneven development across countries. The idea of power is highly concentrated in well-developed countries, but is almost non-existent in countries that can’t compete with the modern and fast-paced lifestyle in countries of Western Europe, North America, and Australia and so on. The world has in fact become a “global village”. Countries are well-connected and with global flows of goods and services and capital. This has caused a massive gap between the rich and poor. Although power is uneven and unfairly distributed across countries worldwide, the idea of place isn’t. Place is something unique and treasured in each country, regardless of how globally connected that country is. Globalisation has merely caused different cultures in various societies to be influenced by each other and caused merging of different traditions and customs. Each place however, is unique to its own. The idea behind globalisation is to make the world become more integrated and connected. Although this is true for the most part, there is a clear uneven development of power across the world...
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...[justin lewis, journalism, media and cultural studies, cardiff university] “When you have that kind of power, when you’re essentially becoming a dominant storyteller for children globally, we have to begin to ask very serious questions about what kind of stories are being told here. Are these the stories we really want our children to hear? Do we want our children to hear other kinds of stories? And if we don’t ask those kinds of questions, then, essentially, we are allowing disney to shape our children’s imaginations.“ [narrator] The walt disney company has been a powerful force in creating childhood culture all over the world. Disney’s massive success is based on images of innocence, magic, and fun. Its animated films in particular are praised as wholseome family entertainment; endorsed by teachers and parents and immensely popular with children. [Dr. Alvin Poussaint, director, media center, judge baker children’s center] “Children, in fact, have been raised on disney for many generations now.” [Henry Giroux, education, pennsylvania state university] “Disney has made a spectacle of innocence. I mean it hides behind innocence in a way that allows it to separate corporate culture from corporate power and it has a kind of romance about it that allows us in some way to treat disney as the ultimate form of fantasy. Fantasy that never needs to be questioned.” [narrator] Disney is a transnational media conglomerate owning tv and radio networks, cable systems, internet...
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