...For CGN, after signing the agreement, the biggest challenge is the high possibility of delays and cost overruns during the construction stage caused by technology challenges and risks from its partner EDF. As we mentioned before, The Hinkley Point C and Sizewell C plants will be based on EPR reactor technology, while the new plant at Bradwell will use CGN’s Hualong One Creator design. The EPR and Hualong one design are Third Generation reactors and they are designed to be safer, more powerful and more efficient than earlier versions. It's also meant to be easier to build. But so far the reality has been the opposite. Both of them are Third Generation reactors which are new technologies and do not have a successful example across the world. Wherever the new EPR is being installed - in Finland, France and China - the projects are beset by delays and massive increases in price. The first two EPR plants in Finland and France are both facing costly construction delays (to at least 2018). Other two units in China were to start operation in 2014 and 2015, but are now expected to come online in 2017. And delay means losing money and additional investment. For CGN, this is the first time to build nuclear power plant in a developed country. Whether this project can be finished successfully has a significant impact on its subsequent plants. Delays and cost overruns will have a negative effect for CGN to expand businesses to other countries. The resignation of such an important figure...
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...capability development” Francis, D., & Bessant, J. (2005). Targeting innovation and implications for capability development. Technovation, 25, pp.171-183. In the introduction, the authors point out the important role of innovation in organizations and argue that innovative organizations generally possess innovation capability which can be managed. The authors then discuss in detail the four types of innovation capability (4Ps framework) and the challenges they may bring. Cases are cited to illustrate how those enterprises managed innovation capability and cope with challenges. The 4Ps framework works well in ‘steady state’ context, under which the aim of enterprise is ‘do better’. However, when discontinuity comes into play, the ‘do better’ innovation strategy is not sufficient as demonstrated by the fact that incumbent firms tend to be outperformed and thus displaced by new entrepreneurial players. Therefore, a ‘do different’ innovation strategy must be pursued by enterprises who want to explore ‘outside the box’. The authors develop an ‘innovation agenda’ covering the entire spread of 4Ps in two dimensions, ‘do better’ and ‘do different’. Managers are encouraged to specify their innovation agenda in the form of diamond diagram, including all possible innovation activities. The 4Ps model was tested through a preliminary study in an effort to assess whether this model provided a useful heuristic device capable of being used by managers. The result that 60 percent of the total...
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...‘Marketing’ can be simple defined, as “meeting needs profitably”. (kotler, et al ,p5,2006). Marketing mix is the most important aspect of the concept ‘Marketing’, which is a set of controllable tools that is used by the company in order to get expected response from the targeted market. (Khan, p 95, 2014) The marketing mix includes the main elements of marketing that is 4Ps, Price, Product, Place and Promotion. In the article by E. Constantinides (2006) ‘The Marketing Mix Revisited Towards the 21st Century Marketing’… tries to present the current standing of the main elements that is 4Ps of marketing. The purpose of presenting this article is to write a critical review. This will involve critically evaluating the journal article and highlighting the main objectives and limitations...
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...Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) is a human development measure of the national government that provides conditional cash grants to the poorest of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition, and the education of children aged 0-18. It is patterned after the conditional cash transfer (CCT) schemes in Latin American and African countries, which have lifted millions of people around the world from poverty. The Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) is the lead government agency of the 4Ps. The 4Ps has dual objectives as the flagship poverty alleviation program of the Aquino administration: *social assistance, giving monetary support to extremely poor families to respond to their immediate needs; and *social development, breaking the intergenerational poverty cycle by investing in the health and education of poor children through programs such as: -health check-ups for pregnant women and children aged 0 to 5; -deworming of schoolchildren aged 6 to 14; -enrollment of children in daycare, elementary, and secondary schools; and -family development sessions. The 4Ps also helps the Philippine government fulfill its commitment to the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)—specifically in eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, in achieving universal primary education, in promoting gender equality, in reducing child mortality, and in improving maternal health care. The 4Ps operates in all the 17 regions in the Philippines, covering...
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...Index 1 – Question 1 2 – Question 2 3 – Question 3 List of Exhibit Exhibit 1 – 4Ps Exhibit 2 – Brand Identity Prism; Kapferer (2004) Exhibit 3 – Situation and Complication Page 3 Page 4 Page 6 Page 3 Page 4 Page 6 Question 1 – In the period of 1972 to 1993, why do you think that Snapple flourished when so many small Start--‐ ups premium fruit drinks stayed small or disappeared? The growing success of Snapple can be explained with 2 of the four principals of marketing mix. Marketing mix describes the set of tools that management can use to influence sales, in the traditional formulation: the 4Ps of marketing—product, price, place, and promotion. Analyzing the case is perceived that Snapple differentiated themselves through Place and Promotion. After they turned a marketing executive his chief for sales and marketing the company redefined its promotion strategy and expanded its distribution. Regarding Place, the merit was to keep the expansion of the current distribution model at a sustainable pace, growing consistent in the East coast and them to the rest of the country. The company has been kept simple and under the model of small distributors. About Promotion, with a limited budget, compared to the giants of the beverage industry, one of the biggest accomplishments of the new promotion strategy was the alignment of the product with the average citizen using real people and real situations, the promotion should follow the motto of the product: 100% Natural. In addition...
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...EAST ASIAN DEVELOPMENT NETWORK EADN WORKING PAPER No. 71 (2013) Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps): Examining Gaps and Enhancing Strategies in Cebu City, Philippines Adrian Boyett D. Agbon Fiscalina Amadora-Nolasco Elmira Judy T. Aguilar Rhoderick John S. Abellanosa Lauren Ligaton University of San Carlos Cebu City, Philippines 1 Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps): Examining Gaps and Enhancing Strategies in Cebu City, Philippines* Adrian Boyett D. Agbon, Fiscalina Amadora-Nolasco, Elmira Judy T. Aguilar, Rhoderick John S. Abellanosa, and Lauren Ligaton *This work was carried out via a grant from the Global Development Network/East Asian Development Network (GDN/EADN), which was administered by the Philippine Institute for Development Studies as EADN Secretariat and University of San Carlos (USC), Cebu City, Philippines. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the EADN and USC. 2 Acknowledgements We would like to thank - The East Asia Development Network (EADN) for the financial support extended to this project as part of their research capacity building; - - Dr. Josef Yap, President of Philippine Institute of Development Studies (PIDS) and regional coordinator of the East Asia Development Network (EADN); - Our mentor, Dr. Fernando T. Aldaba of Ateneo de Manila University, Department of Economics, for his comments and suggestions; ...
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...Marketing Mix for ‘FACTOR W’ – A health drink for women Project report submitted for partial fulfilment of the Marketing Management (MK-101) course work under Prof. Krishanu Rakshit Submitted by Section A Group: 2 Table of Contents Introduction | 3 | Scope, Definition and Analysis | 4 | Scope of project | 4 | Details of questionnaire | 5 | S-T-P analysis | 6 | Competitor analysis | 10 | Recommendations and Discussion | 12 | 4Ps: Product | 12 | 4Ps: Price | 13 | 4Ps: Place | 13 | 4Ps: Promotion | 15 | Conclusion | 17 | Introduction As people are becoming more health-conscious, supplementing dietary needs with health drinks has become the norm. Hence, there is a large scope of health drinks business in the present world. There are various big brands in this business area, for example, Bournvita, Horlicks, Complan, Boost etc. These brands have to innovate continuously in terms of their marketing mix (product, price, place and promotion) to sustain their businesses and to grow their market share. The importance of each marketing mix in respect of health drinks has been stated as follows: * Product The health drink should have such ingredients that are the potential requirements of a particular market segment. For example, health drinks for children should be rich in calcium as calcium is necessary for the development...
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...The 4P Classification of the Marketing Mix Revisited Author(s): Walter van Waterschoot and Christophe van den Bulte Source: Journal of Marketing, Vol. 56, No. 4 (Oct., 1992), pp. 83-93 Published by: American Marketing Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1251988 . Accessed: 21/10/2013 10:06 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org. . American Marketing Association is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Journal of Marketing. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 130.88.179.25 on Mon, 21 Oct 2013 10:06:41 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Walter van Waterschoot & Christophe Van den Bulte The Classificationthe of Revisited MarketingMix 4P McCarthy's 4P classification of the marketing mix instruments has received wide acceptance in past decades. In recent years, however, increasing criticism has been voiced, among other reasons because of its inherent negative definition of sales promotion and its lack of mutual exclusiveness...
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...Although marketing is believed to be as old as commerce we cannot declare that ancient Greeks for example, knew the connection between production, markets and competition. It is however sure that during the middle ages the first steps of creating the idea of marketing were made by the edition of „the first formal analysis of buyers motivation”(Egan 2008: pg 5) by Thomas Aquinas (1225-74). This essay is about the histories of marketing, the changes that have occured and the changes in the future concerning marketing discipline. Concerning the conception of what we call modern marketing we need to observe the end of 19th centuries North America where thanks to several factors including both the first and second Industrial Revolutions the basics of consumer market has changed from sellers to buyers. At the beginning of the 20th century a new concern helped the extension of marketing theories: literature. Bartel (1976) belives that „The emergence of marketing research was itself the result of growing pressure to produce and apply accurate knowledge to the field and to bring the methods of science to the field of marketing”(Egan, 2008: pg 7). During the period of conceptualization (Bartel, 1976), which durated from 1910 to 1920, the word ’marketing’ gained new meanings. It wasn’t necessarily referred to commerce anymore, then Ralph Starr Butler (1882-1971), a pioneer in marketing, taught that ’’marketing was all about coordination, planning and the management of complex relationships”(Butler...
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...Server Virtualization and Consolidation - A case study Ravi G Singh Consulting IT Specialist – System p rsingh@us.ibm.com Special Notices This document discusses Server Virtualization and Consolidation designed and implemented by the author for an IBM Customer. This document is presented “As-Is” without any warranty, guarantee or assurances of any kind, either express or implied. IBM does not assume responsibility for the statements expressed herein and it reflects the opinions of the author. If you have questions about the contents of this document, please direct them to the author at rsingh@us.ibm.com. Author is not responsible for errors in this document that may result in any kind of inaccuracies. Acknowledgements Thanks to John R Hock, IBM Certified IT Specialist – System p - Advanced Technical Support Americas (ATS) for reviewing this White Paper. Thanks to the customer and IBM team for their contribution and support to this project. Trademarks The following terms are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: AIX, AS/400, DB2, IBM, Micro Channel, MQSeries, Netfinity, NUMAQ, OS/390, OS/400, Parallel Sysplex, PartnerLink, POWERparallel, RS/6000, S/390, Scalable POWERparallel Systems, Sequent, SP2, System/390, ThinkPad, WebSphere. The following terms are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States and/or other countries: DB2 Universal Database, DEEP BLUE...
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...entering but the market was very competitive]. I’d like use couple of frame works to explain my evaluation as following. Let me use the PEST frame work to analysis the Macro-Environment at first. On Politics (Positive for discount retailers expanding) It seems fiscal policy has been heavy on spending on 70S&80S. According to my research, the average spending deficit in this period is around 3% of the GDP and which is a very high level and also trending upwards. Also, the national debt was also increasing from around 1.8 Trillion USD (1975) to over 3 Trillion USD (1985) on this period. I think the government’s focus on growth of the economy must led to massive subsidies to incentivize Wal-Mart’s expansion Also, on the monetary policy point, interest rates throughout this time period (1970-1985) upward form a low under 4% to high of just above 18% as following Chart 1. It was just a good timing for Wal-Mart borrowed money it needed to lease new stores in its initial expanding period, and correlate with its high growth periods from the bank. [pic] Chart 1 Then, on the trade policy, from 1976, the importation of goods surpassed the exportation (kick start trade with China from 1971 and US/China each other most-favored-nation status in 1979) that means for the retailers, they had more selection on purchasing from development country what should reduce their cost price. On Economy (Positive for discount retailers expanding ) The economy in 70s and 80s was in kind of...
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...innovation and creates all kinds of impossible. G-shock (G-700BD-1AV) in the print, which is the official offer of around RMB1200. (Casio, 2009) 1.2Theories According to (Hall, Jones, Raff, 2009:75) marketing mix is a basic concept in marketing, referring to companies according to customer needs and business marketing goals to determine the best combination of controllable marketing factors. The main purpose of marketing is to meet the consumer wants, and consumers need a lot, it is necessary to meet consumer wants. The marketing mix makes from 4Ps--Price, Product, Promotion and Place. It is said by Hall (2009:75) Price is to control the marketing changes and it is changeable always. Product is what the carrier to meet people's needs and it can control all the marketing system because product is the function of marketing. Promotion is the company-to-product sales promotion activity in the community which has formed a pattern. From a developed point of view, it is not only a...
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...growing of Samsung Electronics is the most surprising. Samsung Electronics is the biggest electronic company in the local Korea. Moreover, it is the only Korean brand appearing in the world top 100 brands. The 4Ps is the most classic marketing mix. And the 4Ps theory is often applied in various kinds of business researches to reveal the effectiveness and efficiency of marketing strategies. Based on this theory, from the aspects of product strategy, price strategy, place strategy and promotion strategy, the author attempts to analyze the marketing strategies of Samsung Electronics. The cutting-edge and fashionable design and excellent quality promise Samsung Electronics a full bloom. To take up the high-end market share, Samsung Electronics pays much attention to brand building. In order to change the cheap and imitator image in the eyes of consumers, Samsung modified its marketing strategies on a large scale. Due to the successful marketing strategies, Samsung Electronics grabbed another chance to prosper. [Key words] Samsung Electronics; 4Ps theory; Marketing strategies 基于4P理论的三星电子公司营销策略分析 广西师范大学外国语学院 英语（商务方向）专业 200910501086罗寂方 指导老师：龚敏 【摘要】 近年来， 随着电子工业的迅猛发展以及消费者的需求不断上升，众多电子工业领域的企业得到了快速的扩张。其中，三星电子的壮大最为引人注目。在世界上最有名的100个商标中，三星电子是唯一的一个韩国商标。 4Ps 营销理论是市场营销中最经典的营销组合。而4Ps营销理论通常广泛应用于各类商业调研中，它能够反映各类营销策略在实际操作过程中的有效性及影响力。本文基于这一经典的营销理论，从产品策略，价格策略，渠道策略和促销策略四个方面来解析三星电子公司的营销策略。...
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...Marketing Mix Paper Piña MKT/421 June 6, 2011 Carlyn Carmichael Marketing Mix Paper To achieve the marketing objectives the strategy must include different elements – that is the different parts of the marketing mix. In this reading, the elements of the marketing mix which is product, place, price, and promotion will be defined and explained. McDonald’s will be used in this reading to describe how each one of the four elements of the marketing mix affects the development, marketing strategy and tactics. Marketing is having a great product, being sold at the right price at the right place while utilizing the appropriate promotion. Sounds simple but a lot of hard work goes into these simple steps. A company has to go to great lengths to find what the customer likes, where they shop, and what they consider a good value. This is where the marketing mix comes in. The marketing mix was intended to recommend that you have a well-adjusted mix of marketing activities within your marketing plan. Reviewing these steps can help through the plans and avoid faults. The marketing mix as identified by McCarthy consists of the 4 Ps; product, price, promotion and place; and is a good way in outlining the marketing mix. Product – this element defines the characteristics of your product or service that will meet your customers’ needs. Price – this portion refers to the price of the product or service, including the strategy that is used. It is important to test numerous pricing...
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...Research Topic Impact of brand differentiation by 4Ps on the sales of the organization, Textile Industry, Selangor, Malaysia Research Topic 1 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 3 1.0 Introduction 3 1.1 Background of the Study 4 1.2 Motivation for the Study 4 1.3 Problem Statement 6 1.4 Research Questions and Research Objectives 7 1.4.1 Research Questions 7 1.4.2 Research Objectives 7 1.5 Contribution of the Study 7 1.6 Structure of Dissertation 8 1.7 Chapter Summary 8 Chapter 2: Literature Review 9 2.1 Introduction 9 2.2 Brand Differentiation 9 2.3 4Ps of Marketing 16 2.3.1 Product 20 2.3.2 Price 21 2.3.3 Promotion 23 2.3.4 Place 25 2.4 Organizational Performance & Sales 26 2.5 Textile Industry, Malaysia 29 2.6 Theoretical Framework 32 2.7 Hypotheses Development 33 2.8 Conclusion 33 Chapter 3: Research Methodology 34 3.1 Introduction 34 3.2 Quantitative Research method 34 3.3 Research Design 35 3.4 Research Strategy 36 3.5 Research Data 37 3.6 Unit of Analysis 39 3.7 Sampling Technique 40 3.8 Data Analysis 41 3.9 Research Reliability & Validity 42 Conclusion 43 Reference 44 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 Introduction A brand is a name, term, configuration, image or other element that interesting so it can identify and differentiate the offered product from others. The brands are way through which brands are involved in promoting and advertising the products of the company. The brand...
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