...Evolution Lab BIO/101 Pooja Thakur 7-23-12 Evolution Resulting From Natural Selection INTRODUCTION The Evolution Lab simulates environmental situations to determine effects on evolution over periods of time. This lab experiments with the evolution of finches on two different islands over 100, 200, and 300 years. By manipulating parameters that influence natural selection, the effects that natural selection have on the evolution process can be studied. HYPOTHESES • The size of the island will influence the population. • The amount of precipitation will influence beak size. • Variances in beak size will influence beak size. MATERIALS The materials needed for this experiment consist of a computer and access to the Evolution Lab on the University of Phoenix student website. In the Evolution Lab there are two islands, Darwin Island and Wallace Island. There are seven variables that can be changed to run many different experiments on both islands. The variables are beak size, variance of beak size, heritability, clutch size, island size, population, and precipitation. METHODS In all of the experiments Darwin Island was used as the control group and Wallace Island was the experimental group. So, in each test, the variables for Wallace Island were altered and the variables for Darwin Island were left alone. The first experiment was to determine whether or not the size of the island affected the population. To do this, the only variable that...
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...The ability of a population of organisms to respond to change in their environment and survive and reproduce by developing the characteristics or modifications necessary for survival is known as adaptation.” (University of Phoenix, 2013) House Finches live in dry desert, grasslands, stream sides and open coniferous forests at elevations below 6,000 feet. They eat seeds, buds and fruits. (House Finch, n.d.) The purpose of the experiment is to test my hypothesis, “Precipitation does not cause natural selection to act upon beak size.” Materials To complete the experiment, I will need access to a computer and the Evolution Lab simulation at the University of Phoenix website. The Evolution Lab will allow me to simulate tests by changing the input values or parameters. The results should show the effect of natural selection, and how these changes may influence the beak sizes and population of the finches in the Darwin Island and Wallace Island over various time periods. Methods and Procedure In the Evolution Lab, there are different variables to test. The variables are beak...
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...Associate Level Material Scientific Method Virtual Biology Lab: How Does Acid Precipitation Affect Trees? Please note that the questions below are found electronically in the lab. You are required to provide your answers on this word document instead of answering them in the virtual lab since the electronic submission of your answers from the lab will not reach your instructor. As you work through the lab, it will ask you to answer certain questions. Answer the questions that are required and submit this word document to your instructor. 1. What are probable sources of acid precipitation in your community? What impact can this have on the environment in your region? In my community we have a paper mill that produces a lot of chemicals and delivers pollutants in the air, I live at least 9 miles from this particular mill and I can smell the chemical pollutants it releases from my house. The impact that it has is that it is possibly killing trees and animals in the area, as well as the plants and crops that the farmers grow. 2. What factors apart from acid rain could be killing trees? Oil spills, areas experiencing droughts, trash and litter, and human beings. 3. Limestone, an underlying material for many soils, dissolves and corrodes when exposed to high concentrations of hydrogen ions. How is this information important in understanding the effects of acid precipitation? Because when the limestone corrodes it produces...
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...Evolution Lab Sherrie Hamby BIO/101 January 18, 2012 James Marlowe Evolution Lab Evolution is a necessary stage and part of life. It’s what has shaped and define all living organisms on this planet. Evolution has helped all population and organisms respond to change in their habitat. The way they have survived is by passing on certain traits that have worked on keeping them alive it is known as adaptation. I wanted to see what would happen if you changed the eating habits of finches. What effect this will have on the evolution of life on this island? Materials All of the materials that you will need for this experiment are: a computer, pencil, paper for notes, and access to the Evolution Lab on the student website for the University of Phoenix. Introduction First, I went to the student web site and used the Evolution Lab website for the University of Phoenix. What I wanted to do is run two different scenarios to determine how much effect food sources have on finches. The test has seven different variables that you can change and those are beak size, variance, heritability, clutch size, island size, population, and precipitation. The test is simulated on two different islands one is named Darwin’s Island and the other is named Wallace’s Island. Experiments The first experiment that I ran I chose to set my parameters for Darwin’s and Wallace’s island the same. The parameters are: initial beak size 12.0 mm, heritability 0.7, variance 1.0, clutch size 10.0 eggs...
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...Change in Precipitation Ramon Pena BIO101 February 14, 2011 Dr. Richard Steiner Change in Precipitation Introduction This experiment will take course during a 300-year-time -period simulation. This experiment will consist of two islands, Darwin Island, Wallace Island and take only into account the bird population of these two islands. The parameter will stay the same, except for one variable; precipitation. I will record how the precipitation changes the beak size of the bird population and what other effects it has on them. My hypothesis is that if the amount of precipitation is changed in one of the island then there will be more food. If there is more food in one of the islands then I can assume that more birds have access to more food, thus requiring a bird’s beak to stay the same while the birds from the other island have an increase in beak size due to the fact that they have to scavenge more for their food. Materials For this experiment, I will use a windows-based desktop computer with a 24-inch monitor for better viewing of graphs and simulations. I will also use notebook for recording cross time period information. Within the computer, I will be using a Java-based tool simulation, named Evolution Lab that will run the experiment and demonstrate the results. This will be the most important material for this experiment. Procedures First, this experiment takes place on a computer simulation called Evolution Lab. The Evolution lab can be accessed through the...
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...Precipitation Reactions 2-4: Precipitation Reactions 1. Start Virtual ChemLab and select Reactions and Stoichiometry, and then select Precipitation Reactions from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Inorganic laboratory. 2. React each of the cations (across the top) with each of the anions (down the left) according to the data table using the following procedures: Data Table | |AgNO3 (Ag+) |Pb(NO3)2 (Pb2+) |Ca(NO3)2 (Ca2+) | |Na2CO3 (CO32-) |A cloudy peach color peach |f. a milky white color |K a milky white color | | |color | | | |Na2S (S2-) |B a cloudy black color |G a cloudy black color |L no reactions | |NaOH (OH-) |C a cloudy bubbly brown color |H no reactions |M a milky white color | |Na2S04 (SO42-) |D no reactions |I turned a milky white color |N no reactions | |NaCl (Cl-) |E a milky white color |J turned a milky white color |O no reaction | a. Drag a test tube from the box and place it on the metal test tube stand. You can then click on the bottle of Ag+ ion solution...
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...solids dissolved in pure water and in a solution containing a common ion. • Apply knowledge of acids and bases in order to predict the pH of a solution containing a weak acid or base. • Demonstrate the use of common pH and redox indicators in microbiological media. • Select appropriate reagents to make a buffer having a desired pH. • Determine which compounds undergo the process of reduction and which undergo the process of oxidation. • Describe the basic chemistry of the predominant biologically important elements and their function(s) in microbiological systems. Dr. Andrew Baer Office Hours Monday: 10:30 am – 11:20 am Wednesday: 1:30 pm – 2:20 pm Thursday: 9:30 am – 10:20 am or by appointment Email: abaer@centennialcollege.ca Textbook: Hage, D.S and Carr J.D Analytical Chemistry and Quantitative Analysis, Prentice Hall, 2011 (optional) CH 125 Lab Manual (available on eCentennial) Additional References: Harris, Daniel C., Exploring Chemical Analysis, 5th Ed., W. H. Freeman and Company, 2012. Harvey, David, Analytical Chemistry 2.0 (Available Online – Link on eCentennial) Virtual...
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...In order to accomplish that, the titration lab was conducted. First, using a pipet, 10 ml of the base was placed into a volumetric flask. Next 6 drops of the pH indicator, was added into the base. After, the burette was filled up with the known acid, vinegar, up till 50 ml. Using the stopcock, the acid was slowly added to the base, after every few drops of the acid, the colour of the base would change into a green, and the base solution would get mixed. The same process was repeated, until the point, where the green colour did not disappear after the base solution was mixed, but instead the colour of the solution turned into a light green. Once the endpoint was reached, the volume of the acid used was recorded. Afterwards, the base was dumped into a sink, and the volumetric flask was cleaned. The entire process was recorded another two times, and the results were also recorded. Using the collected data from the lab and calculations, the concentration of the base was...
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...2-4: Precipitation Reactions 1. Start Virtual ChemLab and select Precipitation Reactions from the list of assignments. The lab will open in the Inorganic laboratory. 2. React each of the cations (across the top) with each of the anions (down the left) according to the data table using the following procedures: Data Table | |AgNO3 (Ag+) |Pb(NO3)2 (Pb2+) |Ca(NO3)2 (Ca2+) | |Na2CO3 (CO32-) |A NR |F Milk color |K Milk color | |Na2S (S2-) |B dark grey |G Dark grey |L NR | |NaOH (OH-) |C light grey |H NR |M Milk color | |Na2S04 (SO42-) |D NR |I Milk Color |N NR | |NaCl (Cl-) |E milk color |J Milk color |O NR | a. Enter the stockroom by clicking inside the Stockroom window. Once inside the stockroom, drag a test tube from the box and place it on the metal test tube stand. You can then click on the bottle of Ag+ ion solution on the shelf to add it to the test tube. Click Done to send the test tube back to the lab. Click on the Return to Lab arrow. ...
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...I Intro In this lab we are going to observe chemical reactions. A chemical reaction is the rearrangement of stuff into new stuff. When a chemical reaction occurs there is color change, temperature change, energy change, gas release, odor, and precipitation. There are 5 different types of chemical reactions: synthesis, decomposition, single displacement, double displacement, and combustion. A chemical reaction has to be balanced because of the law of conservation of mass. Conservation of mass is mass neither created nor destroyed. The product has to be the same amount of substances as the reactants. II Purpose The purpose of this lab is to observe different typed of chemical reactions. III Data / Observations Reaction #1: 2Mg + O2 2MgO Synthesis * Burning magnesium metal turns it into an ultraviolet light while on fire. Product is a white powder. Reaction #2: Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2 Single displacement * When magnesium was added to HCl, it started to bubble and the test tube became hot. When a flame lit on a wooden splint was added it made a loud pop sound. Reaction #3: (NH4)2 + CO3 (NH4)2 + CO3 Decomposition * Ammonium carbonate was added into a test tube and heated up it up with fire. After adding a piece of litmus paper a strong odor was released. The litmus paper turned from a color pink to a color of blue. Reaction #4: CaCo3 + 2HCl CaCl2 + H2CO3 Double displacement * When HCl was added to calcium carbonate it began...
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...Island. Using different parameters that influence the adaptation and natural selection, in this experiment can study the process of evolution of finches. The hypothesis in this experiment. •The size of its beak and precipitation could have a large effect on the population. •For the size of the island population will be affected. •The greater the crisis, higher will be the population over time. Materials The materials used to complete this experiment were a computer, papers and internet access to the Evolution Lab available on the student website. Methods of Procedures Evolution in this experiment provides different variables. In the same could change the following: the variable in beak size in the population, the size of the peak, the legacy of the measured peak, clutch size, difference in size of the island, the population of finches to start the experiment, the precipitation of the island, as it affects the work of The seeds. All different combinations of variables can be set at different islands for two hours can provide combinations and designation of information. The method of this experimenter is used to reduce the many options was to focus first and beak size on Darwin Island precipitation changing the variables, then recording the field notes of the population in 100 years. Then secondly, to keep all information possible from the previous test in the largest population and examine...
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...Determining the Limiting Reactant and Percent Yield in a Precipitation Reaction Objectives: • Observe the reaction between solutions of sodium carbonate and calcium chloride. • Determine which of the reactants is the limiting reactant and which is the excess reactant. • Determine the theoretical mass of precipitate that should form. • Compare the actual mass with the theoretical mass of precipitate and calculate the percent yield. Materials: Balance 0.70 M sodium carbonate solution, Na2CO3(aq) Graduated cylinder 0.50 M calcium chloride solution, CaCl2(aq) Beaker (250 mL) Wash Bottle (distilled H2O) Filter paper Funnel Iron ring Ring stand Procedure: Part I: The Precipitation Reaction (Day 1) 1. Obtain two clean, dry 25 mL graduated cylinders and one 250 mL beaker. 2. In one of the graduated cylinders, measure 25 mL of the Na2CO3 solution. In the other graduated cylinder, measure 25 mL of the CaCl2 solution. Record these volumes in your data table. 3. Pour the contents of both graduated cylinders into the 250 mL beaker and observe the results. Record these qualitative observations in your observations table. Allow the contents of the beaker to sit undisturbed for approximately 5 minutes to see what happens to the suspended solid particles. Meanwhile, proceed to step 4. 4. Obtain a piece of filter paper and put your initials and your partner’s initials on it using a pencil. Measure and record the mass of the filter paper, then use...
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...Environmental Science Table of Contents Lab 2 Water Quality and Contamination 21 Water Quality and Contamination Concepts to Explore • Usable water • Ground water contaminates • Ground water • Water treatment • Surface water • Drinking water quality Figure 1: At any given moment, 97% of the planet’s water is in the oceans. Only a small fraction of the remaining freshwater is usable by humans, underscoring the importance of treating our water supplies with care. Introduction It is no secret that water is one of the most valuable resources on planet Earth. Every plant and animal requires water to survive, not only for drinking, but also for food production, shelter creation and many other necessities. Water has also played a major role in transforming the earth’s surface into the varied topography we see today. While more than 70% of our planet is covered in water, only a small percent of this water is usable freshwater. The other 99% of the water is composed primarily of salt water, with a small percentage being composed of 23 Water Quality and Contamination glaciers. Due to the high costs involved in transforming salt water into freshwater, the Earth’s population survives off the less than 1% of freshwater available. Humans obtain freshwater from either surface water or groundwater. Surface water is the water that collects on the ground as a result of precipitation. The water that does not evaporate back into...
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...These pitfall traps consisted of open, cone-shaped Styrofoam collection cups fastened to a base. More specifically, three, random, one square metre sections, 1 m x 1 m, were sectioned via twigs and tape and outlined in each site under the dominant tree species at that site, resulting in a total of six, one square metre quadrats. At each quadrat, a shallow hole was dug into the soil, sufficient enough for the upper edges of the cup to be flush the surrounding soil surface as to facilitate the trapping of ground arthropods. Each cup, as mentioned earlier, was held vertically stable by a base apparatus. Each cup was subsequently filled halfway with 70% ethanol, 10% glycerine, and water. The glycerine was used to attract and immobilize the arthropods, while ethanol was used to kill the trapped arthropods. Every week, the traps were inspected, and any arthropods within were collected and identified using a provided guild manual. The traps were then reset and re-filled with the appropriate amount of solution. To characterize site diversity, the Simpson index was used, where D is the diversity index (0 to 1, 0 being the most diverse), S is the number of species, i denotes the ith species, ni is the quantity of the ith species, and N is the total number of species for a particular...
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...Names: Lab #6, Floods and Runoff Part I –Flood frequency ESS 315 A flood is any relatively high flow of water over land that is not normally under water. Floods occur at streams and rivers but can also be caused by high rainfall or snowmelt as well as high tides along seashores, high groundwater levels, dam failures, and high water levels in lakes. Floods happen naturally in rivers as a response to hydrologic, meteorologic and topographic factors. Dams, levees, channelizing rivers, development of agricultural, urban, and suburban areas, and deforestation also effect floods. In this section of the lab you will become familiar with the nature of river floods, the problems that are created by flooding, and potential solutions. Discharge is defined as the rate of stream flow at a given instant in terms of volume per unit time at a given location. Discharge can be calculated from the equation: Q = A *V where Q= discharge (in cubic feet per second, cfs, or m3/s) A = cross-sectional area of the wetted channel (width of the channel at a given location multiplied by the depth of the water at that location) V= velocity of the flow (in ft/s or m/s) Flood frequency (the average occurrence of flooding of a given magnitude, over a period of years) is based on the maximum discharge for the year at a given point. Recurrence intervals or return periods are generally used to characterize flood frequency. A recurrence interval is the average time interval (in years) between the occurrence...
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