...PERFECTIVE ASPECT We use the present perfect to show that something has continued up to the present They’ve been married for nearly fifty years. She has lived in Liverpool all her life. … or is important in the present: I’ve lost my keys. I can’t get into the house. Teresa isn’t at home. I think she has gone shopping. We use the present perfect continuous to show that something has been continuing up to the present: It’s been raining for hours. We’ve been waiting here since six o’clock this morning. We use the past perfect to show that something continued up to a time in the past: When George died he and Anne had been married for nearly fifty years. ... or was important at that time in the past: I couldn’t get into the house. I had lost my keys. Teresa wasn’t at home. She had gone shopping. We use the past perfect continuous to show that something had been continuing up to a time in the past or was important at that time in the past: Everything was wet. It had been raining for hours. He was a wonderful guitarist. He had been playing ever since he was a teenager. We use will with the perfect to show that something will be complete at some time in the future: In a few years they will have discovered a cure for the common cold. I can come out tonight. I'll have finished my homework by then. We use would with the perfect to refer to something that did not happen in the past but would have happened if the conditions had been right: If you had asked me I would...
Words: 992 - Pages: 4
...have completed the preparation of our presentation on Tense. We made the assignment successfully .we tried our best to prepare this report. We expect your sympathetic consideration. In these circumstances, we pray and hope that you would be satisfied on our report. Obediently yours, Md. Ashiqur Rahman ID: 111011177 Md. Syed Foysal Alam ID: 111011200 TABLE OF CONTENT Serial no. | Topics | Page no. | 0102030405060708091011121314 | Present indefinite tensePresent continuous tensePresent perfect tensePresent perfect continuous tenseComparison between present perfect and present continuous tense.Past indefinite tense Past continuous tensePast perfect tensePast perfect continuous tenseFuture indefinite tenseFuture continuous tenseFuture perfect tenseFuture perfect continuousConclusion | 060708+0909+101112+131415161718192021 | Simple Present Tense The tense which is used to express action like universal truth, havitual fact, general statement etc is called simple present tense. Structure: Subject+present form of main...
Words: 1375 - Pages: 6
...Simple Tense Verb tense tells you when the action happens. There are three main verb tenses: present, past, and future. Each main tense is divided into simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive tenses. | Simple | Progressive | Perfect | Perfect Progressive | Present | finish | am/is/are finishing | have/has finished | have/has been finishing | Past | finished | was/were finishing | had finished | had been finishing | Future | will finish | will be finishing | will have finished | will have been finishing | a. Present tense is the original verb form. b. Past tense has a few patterns. c. Future tense needs will (shall) + verb. run * I run a marathon twice a year. (present) * I ran a marathon last year. (past) * I will run a marathon next year. (future) eat * I eat lunch in my office. * I ate lunch an hour ago. * I will eat lunch in one hour. see * I see a movie once a week. * I saw a movie yesterday. * I will see a movie tomorrow. know * I know it. * I knew it the day before yesterday. * I will know it by tomorrow. learn * I learn English. * I learned English the last two years. * I will learn English next year. cook * I cook my supper every night. * I cooked our dinner already. * I will cook breakfast tomorrow. Progressive and Perfect Tense Progressive Tense The progressive tense involves action that is, was, or will be in progress at a certain...
Words: 787 - Pages: 4
...SIMPLE PRESENT general definitions SIMPLE PAST a specific, completed time period SIMPLE FUTURE Simple Tenses (In general, the GMAT prefers the simple tenses) express"eternal"states or frequent events future actions Progressive Tenses (ongoing,happening right now) Verbs that express general states do not normally take progressive forms Keep Verb Tenses Consistent, However, some sentences with more than one action do The Perfect Tenses: require you If an action began in the past and continues into to switch VERB verb tenses. the present (or its effect TENSE does ), use the Present (Meaning) Perfect tense. If one action in the past precedes another, and need to clarify or emphasize the time sequence, then use the Past Perfect tense. In a more subtle example, you can use the Past Progressive to describe a background event , while you use Simple Past to describe a more important event in the foreground .(语 义不在一个层级) PRESENT PROGRESSIVE PAST PROGRESSIVE FUTURE PROGRESSIVE Still In Effect… PRESENT PERFECT= HAVE/HAS + Past Participle the Present Perfect indicates either continued action or continued effect of a completed action. only to clarify or emphasize a sequence of past events. BUT if the sequence is already obvious, we often do not need Past Perfect. The Earlier A sequence of verbs with the same subject does not require Past Perfect. Rather, use Action(also indicate the Simple Past for all...
Words: 1425 - Pages: 6
...when to use each one: Simple Present Past Future speak / speaks spoke will speak going to speak Continuous am/is/are speaking was/were speaking will be speaking Perfect have/has spoken had spoken will have spoken Perfect Continuous have been speaking had been speaking will have been speaking Present Simple Use the present simple tense in English… For general facts: This shirt costs ten dollars. We speak English. For actions that happen regularly: I take guitar lessons on Wednesday nights. Sarah sometimes eats lunch in her office. Present Continuous Use the present continuous tense in English… For a continuous action in progress at the moment: I‘m currently studying biology at university. Bill can’t talk on the phone right now – he‘s doing his homework. We‘re watching TV at the moment. For future plans/arrangements: www.espressoenglish.net © Shayna Oliveira 2012 I‘m having lunch with Jack tomorrow. My sister is driving me to the airport on Saturday. Tim and Joanna are joining us for dinner next week. Present Perfect Use the present perfect tense in English… With actions that happened in the past at an unspecified time: I‘ve met several celebrities. He‘s been to Australia several times. We‘ve already taken the test. With actions that began in the past and continue to the present: I‘ve lived in this house for five years. Harry has worked at the same company since 1992. Note: Usually the verbs “lived” and “worked.” The present perfect continuous can also be used –...
Words: 987 - Pages: 4
...16 Macam Tenses | Penggunaan | Rumus Tenses | Contoh Tenses | Simple Present Tense | Tense ini untuk menyatakan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat sekarang ini. | S + V-1 | We agree with the speaker’s opinion. | Present Continuous Tense | Tense ini untuk membicarakan aksi yang sedang berlangsung sekarang atau rencana dimasa depan. | S + am/is/are + present participle (V+ing) | I’m driving a car to Bandung now. | Present Perfect Tense | Tense ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aktivitas atau situasi yang telah dimulai di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu tertentu di masa lalu atau masih berlanjut sampai sekarang. | S + have/has + past participle (kata kerja III) | I have lived in Cilegon for 3 months. | Present Perfect Continuous Tense | Tense ini untuk mengungkapkan aksi yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai dimasa lalu dan terus berlanjut sampai sekarang. | S + have/has + been + present participle | The toddlers have been playing a ball for an hour. | Simple Past Tense | Tense ini untuk menunjukkan bahwa suatu kejadian terjadi dimasa lampau. | S + V-2 | The party started at 10.00 a.m. | Past Continuous Tense | Tense ini digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang terjadi pada waktu tertentu dimasa lampau. | S + was/were + present participle | The team was playing basketball all day yesterday. | Past Perfect Tense | Tense ini untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu aksi telah selesai pada...
Words: 647 - Pages: 3
...reported speech), doesn't use quotation marks to enclose what the person said and it doesn't have to be word for word. When reporting speech the tense usually changes. This is because when we use reported speech, we are usually talking about a time in the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example: Direct speech | Indirect speech | "I'm going to the cinema", he said. | He said he was going to the cinema. | Tense change As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right): Direct speech | | Indirect speech | Present simple She said, "It's cold." | › | Past simple She said it was cold. | Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online." | › | Past continuous She said she was teaching English online. | Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999." | › | Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999. | Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years." | › | Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years. | Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday." | › |...
Words: 485 - Pages: 2
...communicating the “when” of an idea. HOW MANY TENSES ARE THERE? English verbs have three main tenses (past, present, and future) and four forms of each of these tenses (simple, progressive, perfect, and perfect progressive). Note the patterns in the following chart for the verb “to learn” as it would appear after “I” in each of the twelve tenses: SIMPLE PROGRESSIVE be + verb+ing PAST 1 verb+ed PRESENT 2 PERFECT 2 1 have + verb+ed PERFECT PROGRESSIVE have + been + verb+ing 2 learned was learning had learned had been learning verb FUTURE 3 will + verb learn am learning have learned have been learning will learn will be learning will have learned will have been learning 1 Verb forms may be constructed differently for irregular verbs (for example, I drink/ I drank/ I have drunk two liters of water). Specific form of be and have depends on tense (past or present) and the noun or pronoun it follows (singular/plural, I, you, he/she/it, we, they). “Am going to” can be substituted for “will”; it is slightly less formal but otherwise synonymous. 2 3 WHEN DO WE USE EACH TENSE? Refer to the following explanations to determine which tense is most appropriate in a given situation: • SIMPLE PAST—The action or state of being has been completed. I learned multiplication when I was seven. I ran two miles. • PAST PROGRESSIVE—The verb took place over a period of time or was in progress when interrupted. ...
Words: 847 - Pages: 4
...7th grade Subject: Present Perfect vs Past Simple. Aim: the students will use the English language to communicate orally and in writing using correctly the two tenses. Objectives: - To allow students to practise speaking spontaneouslyand fluently about something that may provoke the use of words or phrases they have been learning recently. - To give students practise in writing both for Present Perfect and for Past Simple. - To have students think of the differences between Present Perfect and Past Simple. Skills: writing, reading. Audio-visual: blackboard, chalk, students’ notebooks. Assumptions: -The students know how to tell the time in English. - The students know how to use Present Perfect in affirmative, negative and interrogative sentences. A. DESCRIPTION OF THE CLASS Level: Beginners Students between the ages 12-13. 15 girls, 14 boys. The class takes place from 5.00-5.50 on Tuesday and from 4.00-4.50 on Thursday. The students are generally enthusiastic, but often tired: concentration sometimes suffers as a result. Students have completed approximately 100 hours of English. B. RECENT WORK • Students have been studying the Present Perfect and the Present Perfect Continuous – discovery activities followed by language practice. • Writing sentences using Present Perfect to describe recent actions...
Words: 574 - Pages: 3
...Noun 5 Collective noun 6 Abstract noun 6 VERB AND AUXILIARY 6 Preposition 7 Conjunction 7 Articles 8 SENTENCE STRUCTURE 9 Structure of a simple sentence 9 PRESENT TENSE 10 S – A – V rules 11 Possessive case 11 Universal Auxiliaries 11 PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE 12 When to use 12 Rules 12 SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE 13 Rules 13 Subject Auxiliary Verb 13 Universal Auxiliaries 13 PRESENT PERFECT TENSE 14 Rules 14 Subject Auxiliary verb form 14 Universal Auxiliaries 14 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 15 Rules 15 Subject Auxiliary verb form 15 Universal Auxiliaries 15 PAST TENSE 16 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 16 Universal Auxiliaries 16 PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE 17 Rules 17 Subject Auxiliary verb form 17 Universal Auxiliaries 17 SIMPLE PAST TENSE 18 Rule 18 Universal Auxiliaries 18 PAST PERFECT TENSE 19 Rule 19 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 19 Universal Auxiliary 19 PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 20 Rule 20 Subject Auxiliary verb form 20 Universal Auxiliaries 20 FUTURE TENSE 21 Rules 21 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 21 Universal Auxiliaries 21 FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE 22 Rules 22 Subject Auxiliary verb form 22 Universal Auxiliaries 22 FUTURE PERFECT TENSE 23 Rules 23 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 23 Universal Auxiliary 23 FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE 24 Rules 24 Subject Auxiliary Verb form 24 Universal Auxiliaries 24 EXERCISES FOR GRAMMAR 24 Grammar Parts of Speech Every word...
Words: 5944 - Pages: 24
...occured in time—in the past, present, or future. Your verb choices can also indicate aspect, which expresses the completeness or effects of an action. TENSES - Why are these important • Writers use the present tense to describe events that are happening at the moment. • Writers use the past tense to describe events that have already happened. • Writers use the future tense to describe events that will happen. ________________________________________ Simple tenses; perfect tenses; progressive tenses; perfect progressive tenses Simple Tenses The simple tenses are used to show permanent characteristics of people and events or what happens regularly, habitually or in a single completed action. Perfect Tenses Sometimes you need to give just a little bit more information about an action or state...and that is where the perfect tenses come in. The perfect tenses are used when an action or situation in the present is linked to a moment in the past. It is often used to show things that have happened up to now but aren't finished yet or to emphasize that something happened but is not true anymore. When they end determines which of them you use. Perfect tenses are never used when we say when something happened i.e. yesterday, last year etc. but can be used when discussing the duration of something i.e. often, for, always, since etc.. Perfect Progressive Tense The perfect progressive tense describes actions that repeated over a period of time in the past, are continuing in...
Words: 261 - Pages: 2
...The Perfect Tenses The Basics Perfect tenses make use of two verbs: haber + the past participle of the verb expressing completed action There are four perfect tenses in Spanish: present (have done), past (had done), future (will have done), and conditional (would have done). There are also other subjunctive forms that you will use later. The equivalent English structures include I have eaten, they had gone, she would have called, etc. In both languages, these constructions share one past participle form. In Spanish, the difference between each is the conjugation of the verb haber. As you previously learned, haber is an auxiliary (helping) verb meaning “to have” in English, as in “to have done something.” Remember, it does not mean the same thing as the verb tener. Conjugations of Haber Here are the four different conjugations of haber you will need to be familiar with. Present Tense he hemos Future Tense habré habremos has habéis habrás habréis ha han Past Tense había habíamos habrá habrán Conditional Tense habría habríamos habías habíais habrías habríais había habían habría habrían The Past Participle Remember that in English, the past participle is the verb form that usually ends in “-en” or “-ed.” To form the past participle in Spanish, add the ending -ado to -ar verb stems and -ido to -er and ir verb stems, like this: Infinitive Participle English ...
Words: 467 - Pages: 2
...TO GET + direct object = to obtain, to receive, to buy: To obtain Examples • She got her driving license last week. • They got permission to live in Switzerland. To receive Examples • I got a letter from my friend in Nigeria. • He gets $1,000 a year from his father. To buy Examples • She got a new coat from Zappaloni in Rome. • We got a new television for the sitting room. TO GET + place expression = reach, arrive at a place: Examples • We got to London around 6 p.m. • What time will we get there? • When did you get back from New York? TO GET + adjective = to become, show a change of state: Examples • It's getting hotter. • By the time they reached the house they were getting hungry. • I'm getting tired of all this nonsense. • My mother's getting old and needs looking after. • It gets dark very early in the winter. • Don't touch the stove until is gets cool. TO GET + preposition / adverb is used in many phrasal verbs. Here are some of the most common ones: Examples |Phrasal Verb |Meaning | |get at |try to express | |get away with |escape punishment for a crime or bad action | |get by |manage (financially) ...
Words: 40654 - Pages: 163
...English Grammar Lessons www.english-grammar-lessons.com • Present Continuous • Present Simple • Present Simple or Continuous • Past Simple • Past Continuous • Past Simple or Continuous • Irregular Verbs • Present Perfect • Present Perfect Continuous • Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous • Present Perfect or Past Simple • Past Perfect • The Future -Going to • The Future -Will • Will or Going to • The Future -present forms • Will - other uses • Shall • The Imperative • The Passive • The -ing form • Can • Could • May/Might • Should • Must/Have to • Zero Conditional • First Conditional • Second Conditional • Third Conditional • Wish The present continuous The present continuous is used to talk about present situations which we see as short-term or temporary. We use the present simple to talk about present situations which we see as long-term or permanent. In these examples, the action is taking place at the time of speaking. • It's raining. • Who is Kate talking to on the phone? • Look, somebody is trying to steal that man's wallet. • I'm not looking. My eyes are closed tightly. In these examples, the action is true at the present time but we don't think it will be true in the long term. • I'm looking for a new apartment. • He's thinking about leaving his job. • They're considering...
Words: 7073 - Pages: 29
...to ( According to expressions) | 4 | Exclamatory | Said | Exclaimed with joy/sorrow/wonder/surprise/ anger etc. | 5 | Optative | Said | WishedPrayed( According to expressions) | Linkers SL. No | Sentence Names | Indirect Narration | 1 | Assertive | That | 2 | Interrogative | If/ Whether But no linker is used when the indirect speech starts with Wh- word like what , when or how. | 3 | Imperative | To In the Let Constructions: that | 4 | Exclamatory | That | 5 | Optative | That | Changes of Tense forms S.L no | Tense forms in Direct Narration | Indirect Narration | 1 | Present Indefinite(Simple) | Past Indefinite | 2 | Present continuous | Past Continuous | 3 | Present Perfect | Past Perfect | 4 | Past Indefinite (Simple) | Past Perfect | 5...
Words: 406 - Pages: 2
