...Principles for the Management of Credit Risk Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Basel September 2000 Risk Management Group of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision Chairman: Mr Roger Cole – Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C. Banque Nationale de Belgique, Brussels Commission Bancaire et Financière, Brussels Office of the Superintendent of Financial Institutions, Ottawa Commission Bancaire, Paris Deutsche Bundesbank, Frankfurt am Main Bundesaufsichtsamt für das Kreditwesen, Berlin Banca d’Italia, Rome Bank of Japan, Tokyo Financial Services Agency, Tokyo Commission de Surveillance du Secteur Financier, Luxembourg De Nederlandsche Bank, Amsterdam Finansinspektionen, Stockholm Sveriges Riksbank, Stockholm Eidgenössiche Bankenkommission, Bern Financial Services Authority, London Bank of England, London Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, Washington, D.C. Federal Reserve Bank of New York Federal Reserve Board, Washington, D.C. Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, Washington, D.C. European Central Bank, Frankfurt am Main European Commission, Brussels Secretariat of the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision, Bank for International Settlements Ms Ann-Sophie Dupont Mr Jos Meuleman Ms Aina Liepins Mr Olivier Prato Ms Magdalene Heid Mr Uwe Neumann Mr Sebastiano Laviola Mr Toshihiko Mori Mr Takushi Fujimoto Mr Satoshi Morinaga Mr Davy Reinard Mr Klaas Knot Mr Jan Hedquist Ms Camilla Ferenius Mr Martin Sprenger Mr Jeremy Quick Mr Michael Stephenson Ms Alison...
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...empirical and theoretical literature on the effect of credit risk management on financial performance, and introduces an overview of BancABC and its credit risk management practices 2.2Brief Company overview ABC Holdings Limited is the parent company of a number of banks operating under the BancABC brand in Sub-Saharan Africa, with operations in Botswana, Mozambique, Tanzania, Zambia and Zimbabwe. A group services office is located in South Africa.Historically, BancABC was a merchant bank offering a diverse range of services including wealth management, corporate banking, treasury services, leasing, asset management, and stock broking.ABC Holdings had Its primary listing on the Botswana Stock Exchange, and a secondary listing on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange (BancABC annual report 2009) During 2014, the ABC Holdings Group was acquired by Atlas Mara. As at 31 December 2014, Atlas Mara had a 98.7% equity stake in ABC Holdings, held directly (60.8%) and indirectly (37.9%). Subsequent to the takeover, ABC Holdings was delisted from the Botswana Stock Exchange on 30 January 2015, and from Zimbabwe Stock Exchange on 12 February 2015.Atlas Mara is a British Virgin Islands registered company with a standard listing on the London Stock Exchange(BancAbc Annual report 2014) The seeks to review the credit risk management methods implemented by the bank . Definition of terms 2.3.1Credit According to Onyeagocha (2001), the term credit is used specifically to refer to the faith placed...
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...Financial Risk: Key Fundamentals and Case Studies Leonard Chumo, CFA, FRM Strathmore University GARP Chapter Meeting 29th July 2011 Agenda 1. Background 2. Credit Risk and the Case of Washington Mutual 3. Operational Risk and the Case of Rogue Brokers in Kenya and Barings 4. Market Risk and the Case of LTCM 5. Liquidity Risk and the Case of Northern Rock 6. Q&A BACKGROUND Main Types of Financial Risk Risk Type Definition Credit Risk The potential that a bank's borrower or counterparty will fail to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. Market Risk The risk that movements in market prices will adversely affect the value of on- or off-balance sheet positions. The risk is attributable to movements in interest rates, foreign exchange (FX) rates, equity prices or prices of commodities. Operational Risk Risk of loss resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems, or from external events. The definition includes legal risk, but excludes reputational and strategic risk. Liquidity Risk Liquidity is the ability to fund increases in assets and meet obligations as they become due. It is crucial to the ongoing viability of any organization. Source: Financial Stability Institute CREDIT RISK AND THE CASE OF WASHINGTON MUTUAL Sources of Credit Risk Apart from traditional types of loans, credit risk can also be found in a bank's: Investment portfolio ...
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...Banking Supervision Principles for Sound Liquidity Risk Management and Supervision September 2008 Requests for copies of publications, or for additions/changes to the mailing list, should be sent to: Bank for International Settlements Press & Communications CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland E-mail: publications@bis.org Fax: +41 61 280 9100 and +41 61 280 8100 © Bank for International Settlements 2008. All rights reserved. Brief excerpts may be reproduced or translated provided the source is stated. ISBN print: 92-9131-767-5 ISBN web: 92-9197-767-5 Table of Contents Introduction ...............................................................................................................................1 Principles for the management and supervision of liquidity risk ...............................................3 Fundamental principle for the management and supervision of liquidity risk ...........................3 Governance of liquidity risk management.................................................................................3 Measurement and management of liquidity risk .......................................................................3 Public disclosure.......................................................................................................................4 The role of supervisors .............................................................................................................4 Fundamental principle for the management and supervision of...
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...Credit Management |Program |: |MBA |Class of |: |2007 | |Semester |: |IV |Sessions |: |33 | |Course Code |: |BKG 607 |Credit |: |3 Units | Objective The objective of this course is to provide the students with adequate knowledge about the management of Credit portfolio in banks. It will provide sufficient inputs to enable the student to develop an insight regarding the different phases of Credit management. |Reference Books |Author / Publication | |Credit Management |ICFAI | |Practical Banking Advances |H.L.Bedi and V.K. Hardikar/ UBS Publishers | |The Bank Credit Analysis |Jonathan Golin/John Wiley & Sons | |Frontiers in Credit Risk |Gordian Gaeta/ John Wiley & Sons | |Money, Credit and Capital |James Tobin/McGraw | |Credit Risk |Michael...
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...The Role of Financial Institutions & Risk Management in Subprime Crisis Vikrant Joshi The Role of Financial Institutions & Risk Management in The Subprime Crisis This paper discusses the role of financial institutions & their risk management strategies in the subprime mortgage crisis. The downturn in the housing and mortgage markets precipitated the first phase of the financial crisis in August 2007 when the solvency of a number of large financial firms was threatened by huge losses in complex structured financial securities. Why did these firms have such high concentrations in mortgage-related securities? Given the information available to firms at the time, these high concentrations in mortgage-related securities violated basic principles of modern risk management. Introduction: This paper analyzes the role of financial institutions in the light of risk management and corporate governance in the events leading to the subprime crisis. This paper explores the following question: Given the tremendous advances in financial risk measurement and management, why was the solvency of large and complex financial firms threatened by large losses in the mortgage market? First, the subprime mortgage market was about $1.3 trillion. Even a very high percentage loss in this market seemed manageable, given the overall size of U.S. and world debt markets. Commonly cited reasons such as high mortgage defaults in 2006 and 2007 do not provide a sufficient...
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...Current Assets Management LearningGoals 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Understand short-term financial management, net working capital, and the related tradeoff between profitability and risk. Describe the cash conversion cycle, its funding requirements, and the key strategies for managing it. Discuss inventory management: differing views, common techniques, and international concerns. Explain the credit selection process and the quantitative procedure for evaluating changes in credit standards. Review the procedures for quantitatively considering cash discount changes, other aspects of credit terms, and credit monitoring. Understand the management of receipts and disbursements, including floats, speeding collections, slowing payments, cash concentration, zero-balance accounts, and investing in marketable securities. True/False 1. A firm that is unable to pay its bills as they come due is technically insolvent. Answer: TRUE Level of Difficulty: 1 Learning Goal: 1 Topic: Basics of Short-Term Financial Management 2. The short-term financial management is concerned with management of the firm’s current assets and current liabilities. Answer: TRUE Level of Difficulty: 1 Learning Goal: 1 Topic: Basics of Short-Term Financial Management 45 Gitman • Principles of Finance, Eleventh Edition 3. In the short-term financial management, the goal is to manage each of the firm’s current assets and current liabilities in order to achieve a balance between profitability and risk that contributes...
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...Risk Based Capital (Basel II) for Banks in Bangladesh: A straightforward Journey Abu Hena Mohd. Razee Hassan K. M Abdul Wadood Abstract Banks operating in Bangladesh are much enthusiastic for maintaining risk based capital in line with Basel II. Self audit report 2008 on compliance with Basel Core Principles (BCPs) shows, Operational independence of Bangladesh Bank, supervisory tools, existing prudential regulations for core risk management as introduced in banking industry by BB has developed an environment is favorable for implementing Basel II. Bangladesh Bank (BB) has commenced the implementation of Basel II from January 2009 and has provided banks guideline for computing Minimum Capital requirement (MCR) on the basis of Risk Weighted Assets (RWA). The techniques of calculation of RWA will follow Standardized Approach for Credit Risk, Standardized (Rule Based) Approach for Market Risk and Basic Indicator Approach for Operational Risk. In Standardized Approach risk weight of exposures will be differentiated based on external credit assessments and the risk weights will be inversely related to the credit rating of the counter party. Calculation of RWA under Standardized Approach is supported by External Credit Assessment Institute (ECAI). The recognition process of BB will ensure ECAIs eligibility criteria as required by the Basel II document. In addition to computing MCR banks have to calculate adequate capital with the procedure as stated in the section second pillar or...
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...Credit risk Credit risk is a fast changing discipline at the leading edge of risk management practice. The recent credit crisis brought into focus the need for effective risk management control and highlighted many of the deficiencies of the banks’ approach to measuring credit risk. This has resulted in many financial institutions reviewing their existing approach to the management of credit risk from a process, organisational and systems perspective. At the same time, many institutions are also continuing to develop more sophisticated methods of risk management, such as measuring and hedging Credit Valuation Adjustments (CVA) and modelling economic capital and incremental risk Definitions of Credit risk: ❖ Credit risk is the risk of loss due to a debtor's non-payment of a loan or other line of credit (either the principal or interest (coupon) or both). ❖ Is the risk that another party to an investment transaction will not fulfill its obligations. Credit risk can be associated with the issuer of ❖ The likelihood that an individual will pay his or her credit obligations as agreed. Borrowers who are more likely to pay as agreed pose less risk to creditors and lenders. ❖ Risk of loss that may arise on outstanding contracts should a counter party default on its obligations. ❖ The risk that a counter party to a transaction will fail to perform according to the terms and conditions of the contract, thus causing the holder of the claim to suffer a loss. ...
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...RISK AND RISK MANAGEMENT OF RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL FINANCE (MD. IBRAHIM KHOLILULLAH, DEPT OF AG.FINANCE, BAU MOB: 01718996557) INTRODUCTION When discussing rural finance in Bangladesh, the foremost issue that merits mention is that loans to agriculture are generally offered only by specialized agricultural banks, since commercial banks and microfinance institutions largely refrain from financing the sector. There are many reasons for this, the most important of which is that this finance is strewn with risks, some of which the state is most likely to address. Hence, the governments hold ownership of these banks and their capital, and finance and support them. Agricultural banks are exposed to the above two risks. These dual risks continually expose them to losses and bank ruptcy unless they have excellent risk management practices and/or are financially supported by the government. Some of the risks that the banks encounter are, inter alia: operational risks, market risks, credit risks, and inadequacy of capital. These interrelated banking risks are faced by all commercial banks, agricultural banks and governmental banks. They may be created as a result of inadequate fund allocation, weak labour regulations, mismanagement, an unsuitable operating environment, weak training programmes, bad credit transactions and price fluctuations. Two problems must be mentioned in this regard: difficulty in measuring banking risks, and the lack of specialized management of most agricultural...
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...assets and liabilities. The Generally Accepted Accounting Principles is comprised of a large group of individual accounting standards. GAAP standards apply to financial reporting in the United States and may be eventually phased out in favor of the International Accounting Standards. 1. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) In the U.S., Generally Accepted Accounting Principles are accounting rules used to prepare, present, and report financial statements for a wide variety of entities, including publicly traded and privately held companies, non-profit organizations, and governments. The term is usually confined to the United States; hence it is commonly abbreviated as US GAAP or simply GAAP. However, in the theoretical sense, Generally Accepted Accounting Principles encompass the entire industry of accounting, and not only the United States. Outside the academic context, GAAP means US GAAP. Similar too many other countries practicing under the common law system, the United States government does not directly set accounting standards, in the belief that the private sector has better knowledge and resources. US GAAP is not written in law, although the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) require that it be followed in financial reporting by publicly traded companies. Currently, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) is the highest authority in establishing generally accepted accounting principles for public and private companies, as well as non-profit...
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...iiste.org A Risk-based Assessment of Ghana Commercial Bank Limited ADU-MENSAH, Simon1 ABDALLAH, Mohammed Inusah2 ANTWI, Stephen Kwadwo3* 1. Depot Manager, Armajaro Company Limited, Nyinahin District, Ashanti, Ghana 2. Lecturer, Department of Accountancy, Tamale Polytechnic, P.O. Box 3 ER, Tamale. 3. Lecturer, Department of Accountancy, Tamale Polytechnic, P.O. Box 3 ER, Tamale. *stevekwadant@yahoo.ca Abstract Risk management is a very important concept for any business as most financial decisions revolve around the corporate cost of holding risk. This issue is particularly important to banks since risk constitutes their core business processes. This study assesses the risk profile of GCB to ascertain its soundness and conformity to international best practices. The study selects credit, liquidity, market and operational risks as dependent variables while size, NPLs ratio, capital adequacy and asset management are utilized as explanatory variables for the period of five years from 2007 to 2011. The regression results indicate that the size of bank does not influence any of the risks. Apart from credit risk which is influenced positively by the NPL ratio, all the other risks, show a negative relationship with NPL ratio. The capital adequacy has a negative relationship with credit and liquidity but a positive relationship with market and operational risks. Both debt-equity ratio and asset management establish a positive relationship with credit and operational...
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...than ever for risk managers to have a clear understanding of sound credit risk management principles and processes. The Handbook of Credit Risk Management presents a comprehensive overview of the practice of credit risk management (CRM) for large institutions. In this hands-on resource, Sylvain Bouteillé and Diane Coogan-Pushner—noted experts on the topic of financial risk management—offer a comprehensive framework and solutions helpful not just for financial institutions, pension funds, or other institutions with large invested asset portfolios, but also for non-financial corporations or any organization having critical customer, supplier, banking, or counterparty relationships. The Handbook is written in a straightforward, accessible style and presented in a logical format that is consistent with a commonly employed risk management framework. This reliable resource offers a holistic treatment of CRM and includes a checklist of nine key questions that must be answered before accepting any transaction generating credit risk. In addition, the authors outline the four sequential steps to the management of credit risk—origination, credit assessment, portfolio management, and mitigation and transfer—and show how these steps must interact to protect an organization's balance sheet. Comprehensive in scope, this book covers a wealth of topics including fundamental and alternative credit analysis, securitization, credit portfolio management, economic capital, credit insurance, surety...
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...Course: Commercial Bank Management (CBM) Credits: 3 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Course Instructor: Prof. D N Panigrahi Objectives of the course: The course inputs are designed to accomplish the following objectives. * To help students to understand the role and functions of Commercial Banks, main strategic issues in retail and corporate banking and the risks faced by the Banking Industry in India. * To familiarise the students with the new Banking Practices and Processes including new banking technologies. * To familiarise the students with the legal and regulatory framework for banks in India. * To equip the students with the tools and techniques used in interpreting and evaluating the performance, profitability, productivity, and efficiency of the Commercial Banks. * To equip the students with the in-depth knowledge of Bank Financial Management Process including Treasury, Investment, Asset Liability Management & Risk Management. * To equip the students with the in-depth knowledge and skills in Credit Analysis & Appraisal Processes relating to the banks’ lending decisions like Working Capital Financing, Term Loan & Project Financing, Domestic & International Trade Finance including Export-Import Finance, BG (LG) & LC, Retail Asset Financing like Home Loans, Car Loans, Educational Loans, Gold Loans, Loans ag. Securities, Personal and Credit Card Loans. * To...
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...RESEARCH DESIGN OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ➢ Understanding credit risk management conceptually. ➢ Studying the various private banks practicing credit risk management. ➢ To make a depth study of the method in which the private banks in India go about credit risk management. ➢ Studying the difference between retail credit risk management and corporate credit risk management practiced by private banks. ➢ Understanding the importance of the credit risk management and how useful it is to the private banks and how it benefits them in various ways. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The main reason to select “CREDIT RISK MANAGEMENT” as a topic is to understand the importance of the Role played by credit risk management department and/or practices when the bank lends money to its borrowers. In this project, I have tried to understand the difference between corporate credit risk management and retail credit risk management. The analysis and interviews with industry personnel has given me a practical and real life exposure to the banking scenario as far as the credit risk management goes, whereby I could correlate between the theory and their practical application. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY DATA COLLECTION The data collection i.e. the raw material input for the project has been collected keeping in mind the objectives of the project and accordingly relevant...
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