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Proccessor

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Submitted By bahii19
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Technology is evolving every day in a very fast rate. Everything around us is becoming computerized for example smart phones, and smart phones. Computer chips are used to make things easier and faster to use. Cars for instance now has cameras and sensors to make it easier for the user to control his car. All computers are made of two components hardware(body) and software(soul) like humans. Hardware is the tools and the durable pieces. There are three types of hardware, input, output, and storage. Input devices use to enter data in the computer like keyboard for example. Output is used to show and process data like speakers. Storage devices are used to store and process information and data like the RAM. Software is the programs and applications that are processed in a computer. The software is often more expensive and harder to build then hardware. Computer software is made by programmers. There are many different types of software and today I'm going to tell you,ore details about software and specially on operating system.

Different Types of Software

Type
Operating systems
Examples
Microsoft Windows. Linux. Macintosh OS X.
Purpose
Control your computer.
______________________________________
Type
Word processors
Examples
Word. Corel WordPerfect. AbiWord.
Purpose
Write essays, novels, reports, or other types of text.
______________________________________
Type
Spreadsheets
Examples
Excel. Lotus 1-2-3. VisiCalc.
Purpose
Track budgets or investments, or make other calculations.
______________________________________
Type
Presentation software
Examples
PowerPoint.
Purpose
Create slideshows for meetings.
______________________________________
Type
Database management systems
Examples
Access. Oracle. Sybase. 4th Dimension.
Purpose
Organize and filter lists of data, such as addresses or inventories.
______________________________________
Type
Photo editors
Examples
Photoshop. Fireworks. PhotoPaint. Gimp.
Purpose
Change digital photos and other images.
______________________________________
Type
Games
Examples
The Sims. PacMan. Minesweeper.
Purpose
Have fun playing or experiencing challenges.
______________________________________
Type
Desktop publishing
Examples
PageMaker. InDesign. QuarkXPress.
Purpose
Make a magazine, a poster, or an advertisement.
______________________________________
Type
Computer-aided design (CAD) software
Examples
AutoCAD. SolidWorks. MicroStation.
Purpose
Create blueprints or designs.
______________________________________
Type
Web browsers
Examples
Internet Explorer. Netscape. Mozilla Firefox. Opera. Safari.
Purpose
View pages on the World Wide Web.
______________________________________
Type
E-mail clients
Examples
Outlook. Eudora. Entourage.
Purpose
Send letters and files to other people.

Operating system Operating system is the most important software that is used in a computer. It manages the computer's processes, memory and all hardware and software components. All computer programs need to access the computers central processing unit (CPU), memory, and storage. The operating system coordinate all of this to make each program gets what it needs. The first operating system used for real work was GM-NAA I/O, produced in 1956 by General Motors' Research division for its IBM 704. Most other early operating systems for IBM mainframes were also produced by customers. Operating systems usually comes with the computers but it is possible to upgrade or even change the operating system of a computer. The three most common operating systems are Microsoft Windows, Apple Mac OS X, and linux but before we discuss every one of them we are going to talk first about the Dos.

Dos

(The term DOS can refer to an operating system but it is most often used as a shorthand for MS-DOS(Microsoft disk operating system). Originally developed by Microsoft for IBM, MS-DOS was the standard operating system for IBM-compatible personal computers. The initial versions of DOS were very simple and resembled another operating system called CP/M. Subsequent versions have became increasingly sophisticated as they incorporated features of minicomputer operating systems. However, DOS is still a 16-bit operating system and does not support multiple users or multitasking. For some time, it has been widely acknowledged that DOS is insufficient for modern computer applications. Microsoft Windows helped alleviate some problems, but still, it sat on top of DOS and relied on DOS for many services. Even Windows 95 sat on top of DOS. Newer operating systems, such as Windows NT and OS/2 Warp, do not rely on DOS to the same extent, although they can execute DOS-based programs. It is expected that as these operating systems gain market share, DOS will eventually disappear. In the meantime, Caldera, Inc. markets a version of DOS called DR-OpenDOSthat extends MS-DOS in significant ways.

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft introduced an operating environment named Windows on November 20, 1985, as a graphical operating system shell for MS-DOS in response to the growing interest in graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Microsoft Windows came to dominate the world's personal computer market with over 90% market share, overtaking Mac OS, which had been introduced in 1984. However, since 2012, because of the massive growth of smartphones, Windows sells less than Android, which became the most popular operating system in 2014, when counting all of the computing platforms each operating system runs on; in 2014, the number of Windows devices sold were less than 25% of Android devices sold. However, comparisons across different markets are not fully relevant; and for personal computers, Windows is still the most popular operating system. As of July 2015, the most recent version of Windows for personal computers, tabletsand smartphones is Windows 10. The most recent versions for server computersand embedded devices are respectively Windows Server 2012 R2 and Windows Embedded 8. A specialized version of Windows runs on the Xbox One game console. If you're buying a new computer or are upgrading to a newer version of Windows, you can choose from several different editions of Windows, such as Home Premium, Professional, and Ultimate. You may need to do some research to decide which edition is right for you.

Apple Mac OS X

OS X is a series of Unix-based graphical interface operating systems (OS) developed and marketed by Apple Inc. It is designed to run on Macintosh computers, having been pre-installed on all Macs since 2002. OS X is the fourth most popular general purpose OS; within the market of desktop, laptop and home computers, and by web usage, OS X is the second most widely used desktop OS after Windows. OS X was the successor to Mac OS 9, released in 1999, the final release of the "classic" Mac OS, which had been Apple's primary operating system since 1984. The first version released was Mac OS X Server 1.0 in 1999; a desktop version, Mac OS X v10.0 "Cheetah" followed on March 24, 2001. All consumer releases of OS X up to 2013 were named after big cats; for example, OS X v10.8 was referred to as "Mountain Lion". However, with the announcement of OS X Mavericks in June 2013, this was dropped in favor of Californian landmarks. OS X, whose X is the Roman numeral for 10 and is a prominent part of its brand identity, is built on technologies developed at NeXT between the second half of the 1980s and Apple's purchase of the company in late 1996. The 'X' is also used to emphasize the relatedness between OS X and UNIX. UNIX 03 certification has been achieved for versions 10.5 for IntelCPUs, and versions 10.6 through 10.11. iOS, the mobile OS for the iPhone, iPod Touch, iPad, and the 2nd and 3rd generation Apple TV, shares the Unix-based core and many frameworks with OS X. An unnamed variant of v10.4 powers the first generation Apple TV. Apple also formerly issued a separate line of editions for server use. The first releases of Mac OS X from 1999 to 2006 can run only on the PowerPCbased Macs of the period. After Apple announced it would shift to using Intel x86 CPUs from 2006 onwards, Tiger and Leopard were released in versions for Intel and PowerPC processors. Snow Leopard is the first version released only for Intel Mac. Since the release of Mac OS X 10.7 "Lion", OS X has dropped support for 32-bit Intel processors as well. It now runs exclusively on 64-bit Intel CPUs. The latest version of OS X is 10.11 "El Capitan", which was released to public in September 30, 2015. According to StatCounter Global Stats, Mac OS X users account for 9.5% of the operating systems market as of September 2014—much lower than the percentage of Windows users (almost 90%). One reason for this is that Apple computers tend to be more expensive. However, many people prefer the look and feel of Mac OS X.

Linux

Linux is an operating system(OS) assembled under the model of free and open-source software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel, an operating system kernel first released on 5 October 1991 by Linus Torvalds. The Free Software Foundation uses the name GNU/Linux to describe the operating system, which has led to some controversy. Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for personal computersbased on the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other operating system. Because of the dominance of Android on smartphones, Linux has the largest installed base of all general-purpose operating systems. Linux, in its original form, is also the leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such as mainframe computers and virtually all fastest supercomputers, but is used on only around 1.6% of desktop computers when not including Chrome OS, which has about 5% of the overall and nearly 20% of the sub-$300 notebook sales. Linux also runs on embedded systems, which are devices whose operating system is typically built into the firmware and is highly tailored to the system; this includes smartphones and tablet computers running Android and other Linux derivatives, TiVo and similar DVRdevices, network routers, facility automation controls, televisions, video game consoles, and smartwatches. Distributions oriented toward desktop use typically include a windowing system, such as X11, Mir or a Wayland implementation, and an accompanying desktop environment, such as GNOME or the KDE Software Compilation; some distributions may also include a less resource-intensive desktop, such as LXDE or Xfce. Distributions intended to run on servers may omit all graphical environments from the standard install, and instead include other software to set up and operate a solution stack such as LAMP. Because Linux is freely redistributable, anyone may create a distribution for any intended use.

Conclusion

The operating systems we've been talking about were designed to run on desktop or laptop computers. Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and MP3 players are different from desktop and laptop computers, so they run operating systems that are designed specifically for mobile devices. Examples of mobile operating systems include Apple iOS, Windows Phone, and Google Android. Operating systems for mobile devices generally aren't as fully featured as those made for desktop and laptop computers, and they aren't able to run all of the same software. However, you can still do a lot of things with them, like watch movies, browse the Web, manage your calendar, and play games.

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