...Courtroom Participation Paper The courtroom assemblage consists of numerous participants, the prosecutor, defense attorney, defendant, judge, bailiff, witnesses, and the jury. Each of these participants plays a significant part in the criminal justice system court process. Prosecutorial “The prosecutor is an administrator of justice, an advocate, and an officer of the court; the prosecutor must exercise sound discretion in the performance of his or her functions. The duty of the prosecutor is to seek justice, not merely to convict” according to American Bar Association. The prosecutor represents the government in court. The prosecutor is a key element in the justice process; the prosecutor’s role has evolved and become specialized and multifaceted as the law and legal system progresses. Their primary function is to prosecute offenders to the fullest extent of the law. To present the court with the focal points of indictment, present the evidence and argue the case. The United States Attorney General is the highest ranking law enforcement official in the U.S. and is appointed by the president. On the state level constituents vote for the attorney general. Every state is broken down into sections known as districts and each has a district attorney that heads their districts judicial system. Defense The defendant is the person accused in crime. A defense attorney can be privately hired by the defendant or if the defendant cannot afford one, one will...
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...Proceedings of the AABEA Biennial Convention, October 12th, 2002, Washington DC, USA Review of the Tax System in Bangladesh A Prerequisite for Industrial Growth T. A. M. Nurul Basher* E-mail: nurul-basher@betelco.com Abstract - This paper has been written to highlight the sustainable industrial growth problems being faced by the entrepreneurs in Bangladesh. There are multifarious problems for Industrial growth in Bangladesh but the major bottleneck is the adverse tax system. There exists no consideration for industrial raw materials import in so far as application of duties and taxes compared to those of finished consumer goods. The net result is increase in production cost which in turn makes the product noncompetitive. So as not to create an extra burden on industrial productions, the government needs to remove duties and taxes from imported raw materials as in many Middle Eastern countries and Thailand. The government implicitly accepts the adverse effects of the improper taxes on our industrial growth and has tried partially to alleviate some of these impediments by creating Export Processing Zones and Bonded Ware Houses; this paper explores the benefits doing away with these high import duties altogether. It also looks at the paybacks to the economy from industrial growth. Finally, the expansion of the income tax umbrella is considered and in particular its effects on growing a greater sense of national civic duty and its impact on the voting patterns of the electorate...
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...Super PAC’s With the 2012 Presidential election this fall super PAC’s will have a crucial impact on the candidates in the election. The aspects of super PAC’s far outweigh the harmful side effects that occur. In an informal survey of Ohioans an English 102 class at Columbus State Community College found that 60 percent are aware of what super Pac’s are. In the same survey, 70 percent of Ohioans believe there should be no cap on the contributions by corporations and groups (Survey). Super PAC’s are controversial because they are a result of two court rulings against the Federal Election Commission by the Supreme Court. Super PAC’s are much like political action committees but cannot coordinate directly with candidates or political parties. They allow labor unions, corporations and different groups to make unlimited contributions to these groups that are not in cahoots with any political parties or candidates. The major controversies of this topic are: the First Amendment, disclosure of contributors, corruption, competiveness of elections, and political advertising. The two Supreme Court cases which lead to the creation of super PAC’s were Citizens United vs. Federal Election Committee and SpeechNow.org vs. Federal Election Committee. These two rulings came in 2010 within months of each other. Mortimer B. Zuckerman in “Money in Politics: A Problem With No Easy Solutions” of U.S. Digital Weekly, illustrates the formation of super PAC’s. In the first case Citizens...
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...Bibliography for Social Network Sites related thesis Aaltonen, S,, Kakderi, C,, Hausmann, V, and Heinze, A. (2013). Social media in Europe: Lessons from an online survey. In proceedings of the 18th UKAIS Annual Conference: Social Information Systems. (pp. Availalable online). USIR. , and 2013, , in: , 19-20 March 2013, Worcester College, Oxford, UK. (conference paper) Acquisti, Alessandro, and Gross, Ralph. (2006). Imagined Communities: Awareness, Information Sharing, and Privacy on the Facebook.In Golle, P. and Danezis, G. (Eds.), Proceedings of 6th Workshop on Privacy Enhancing Technologies. (pp. 36--58).Cambridge, U.K. Robinson College. June 28-30. (conference paper) Acquisti, Alessandro, and Gross, Ralph. (2009). Predicting Social Security numbers from public data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 106 (27), 10975-10980. (journal article) Adamic, Lada, Buyukkokten,Orkut, and Eytan Adar. (2003). A social network caught in the Web. First Monday, 8 (6). (journal article) Adrien Guille, Hakim Hacid, Cécile Favre, and Djamel A. Zighed. (2013). Information diffusion in online social networks: a survey. SIGMOD Record, 42 (2). (journal article) Agarwal, S., and Mital, M.. (2009). Focus on Business Practices: An Exploratory Study of Indian University Students' Use of Social Networking Web Sites: Implications for the Workplace. Business Communication Quarterly. (journal article) Ahmed OH, Sullivan SJ, Schneiders AG, and McCrory P. (2010). iSupport:...
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...Participants Team B: Sheena McCall, Idalia Gill, Neil Gabe, Billie Adams, and Dannielle Rea CJA/224 October 31, 2011 Austin Dunham Weidner Courtroom Participants In a United States courtroom, there are many participants who contribute to the goal of justice for all. The judge, prosecutor, defense attorney, defendant, victims, witnesses, jurors, bailiff, and court reporter are each participants in the courtroom workgroup. Although every participant plays a different role in the process, they each contribute to the courts general objective of ensuring that the legal system remains fair, efficient, and effective to those individuals accused of committing a crime. A judge’s role is essential to court proceedings. He or she is responsible for ensuring the court proceedings are legal, and that the defendant receives his or her rights of due process. The judge does this by setting the rules of the courtroom and acting as a referee between opposing council. Although a judges’ most visible role is during a criminal or civil trial, he or she has many responsibilities outside of this setting. Prior to any court hearing, the judge is responsible for signing search and arrest warrants. Judges also deal with the issue of bail once established that there is enough evidence to hold a criminal trial against the defendant during the preliminary hearing. Judges decide on whether to grant bail, and if so at what amount and on what conditions. If any of the conditions are broken by the defendant...
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...Bill of Rights and Amendments Bill of Rights and Amendments The Constitution provides that an amendment may be proposed either by the Congress with a two-thirds majority vote in both the House of Representatives and the Senate or by a constitutional convention called for by two-thirds of the State legislatures. Since the President does not have a constitutional role in the amendment process, the joint resolution does not go to the White House for signature or approval. The original document is forwarded directly to NARA's Office of the Federal Register (OFR) for processing and publication. The OFR adds legislative history notes to the joint resolution and publishes it in slip law format. The Archivist submits the proposed amendment to the States for their consideration by sending a letter of notification to each Governor along with the informational material prepared by the OFR. The Governors then formally submit the amendment to their State legislatures. When a State ratifies a proposed amendment, it sends the Archivist an original or certified copy of the State action, which is immediately conveyed to the Director of the Federal Register. The OFR examines ratification documents for facial legal sufficiency and an authenticating signature. If the documents are found to be in good order, the Director acknowledges receipt and maintains custody of them. The OFR retains these documents until an amendment is adopted or fails, and then transfers the records to the National Archives...
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...ARTICLE 1 The exact name of the corporation is : BAGBLOCKERS,INC. ARTICLE 11 Unless the articles of organization other provide, all corporations formed pursuant to G.L. C156D have The purpose of engaging in any lawful business. Please specify if you want a more Limited purpose: THE CORPORATION MAY ENGAGE IN PRODUCTION, GENERAL MERCHANDISE SALE AS WELL AS ANY LAWFUL BUSINESS AND SHALL HAVE ALL THE GENERAL POWERS SET FORTH IN CHAPTER 156D, OF THE GENERAL LAWS OF DELAWARE, WHICH GENERAL POWERS ARE INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE. ARTICLE III State the total number of shares and par value, if any, of each class of stock that the corporation is authorized to issue. All corporations must authorize stock. If only one class or series is authorized, it is not necessary to specify any particular designation. Par Value share Total Authorized by Articles Total Issued Enter 0 if no Par of Organization or Amendment and outstanding Class of Stock Num of shares Total Par Value Num of Share CNP $0.00000 ...
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...‘Confused and inconsistent.’ How accurate is this assessment of Khrushchev’s foreign policy? Khrushchev's foreign policy throughout his rule is often characterised as “inconsistent” by many historians. Despite outwardly appearing as if he wanted to achieve peaceful relations with the U.S and the West in general, several of Khrushchev’s actions directly contradict this. "There are only two ways- either Peaceful Coexistence or the most destructive war in History. There is no third way." - Khrushchev After the death of Joseph Stalin, Nikita Khrushchev took over in control of the USSR. Khrushchev made multiple efforts to appear to work towards a serious “peaceful co-existence.” Though many of the events which took place during Khrushchev’s leadership brought the world closer to another major war than ever before, Soviet domestic and foreign policy during this time is often regarded as a “thaw” in Cold War tension. From this we can gather that his foreign policy was in fact successful. Not only did he manage to avoid nuclear warfare with the U.S, but he also gave a speech in 1956 where he formally announced a new policy of “destalinisation” - political prisoners were set free, Beria (Stalin’s Chief of Secret Police) was executed, giving up bases in Finland, abandoning vetoing admission of new countries to the UN, allowing greater freedom to satellite states and re conciliating with Tito in 1955. In 1961 Khrushchev declared that the period of 'the dictatorship of the proletariat'...
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...services worldwide. Boeing is one of the largest aircraft manufacturers in the world. It supplies aircrafts to more than 90 countries. It employs more than 160,000 people across the United States and in 70 countries. For the last five years, Boeing average revenue is approximately 64 billion dollars and about 3 billion dollars in net profit. Boeing is ranked 36 in the Fortune 500 companies. There are currently two union organizations within Boeing; the International Association of Machinists and Aerospace Workers local 751 (IAM) and the Society of Professional Engineering Employees (SPEEA). Unionization process started when Union representatives organized Boeing employees to obtain more than 50 percent of signed authorization cards. Then election was petitioned and recognized by the National Labor Relation Board (NLRB) and thus unions were certified and formed. Union members receive higher wages, better benefits and working conditions than the non-union members do. According to Mishel and Walters, “Unions raise wages of unionized workers by roughly 20% and raise compensation, including both wages and benefits, by about 28%”. Union representatives on behalf of union workers negotiate with Boeing management for work contract covering terms and conditions of wages, benefits, and working conditions that are favorable for union workers. Unions typically sign a...
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...American Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-223X Issue 20(2011), pp.135-151 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2011 http://www.eurojournals.com/ajsr.htm A Survey of Clustering Schemes for Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) Ismail Ghazi Shayeb Albalqa Applied Univesity, Amman, Jordan E-mail: ismail@bau.edu.jo AbdelRahman Hamza Hussein Jearsh University, Jearsh, Jordan E-mail: Abed_90@yahoo.com Ayman Bassam Nasoura Jearsh University, Jearsh, Jordan E-mail: nassuora@yahoo.com Abstract Clustering has been found to be an effective means of resource management for MANETs regarding network performance, routing protocol design, Quality of Service (QoS) and network modeling though it has yet to be refined to satisfy all the issues that might be faced by choosing this approach. Scalability is of particular interest to ad hoc network designers and users and is an issue with critical influence on capability and capacity. Where topologies include large numbers of nodes, routing packets will demand a large percentage of the limited wireless bandwidth and this is exaggerated and exacerbated by the mobility feature often resulting in a high frequency of failure regarding wireless links. In this paper we present acomprehensive survey and classification of recently published clustering algorithm, which we classify based on their objectives. We survey different clustering algoirthm for MANET's; highlighting the defining clustering, the design goals of clustering algorithms, advantages of clustering...
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...INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ORGANISATION PURPOSE The mission of the International Student Organization (ISO) is to foster understanding about diversity and the various cultures among the Indiana University Southeast (IUS) community at large, to provide an avenue to bridge the social gap among the students here at IUS and to provide a helping hand to the new incoming students in getting oriented to the USA. ISO is not for International students only but for the entire campus community at IUS. ISO is committed to - Increase the diversity awareness in the campus and the community. - To establish a medium for cultural exchange between the students/faculty/staff and the community as a whole. - To promote international support, assist the foreign students/visitors in establishing social contacts. - To provide programs for cultural, social and educational exchange. The International Students Organization (ISO) of the University of Mississippi has been formed out of the need for more interaction between International students on the campus. Article I. Name The Official Name of the organization shall be INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS ORGANIZATION (ISO) Article II. Purpose The purpose of this organization shall be to provide a platform for social interaction among international students and help new international students adapt themselves to the Ole Miss community. Article III. Membership Section 1: There shall be no member who is not currently enrolled as a student at the University...
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...Labor Laws and Unions This paper will include the background of the ExxonMobil Company. It will identify legal issues and obstacles that could be broken and will provide recommendations to minimize possible litigation. It will discuss its union policies and any benefits the employees may gain by joining and whether or not the union bargains; and if so, the effects it may have on the organization. ExxonMobil was formed in 1999 by a merger between Exxon and Mobil. It is a major United States producer of domestic oil production and is also involved in domestic petrochemicals and chemicals operations. They are strong competitors in the oil and gas industry with such rivals as Royal Dutch Shell and BP America. Over the years they have stayed committed to their explorations and development in the industry. In 2011 they achieved strong earnings and generated huge returns for their shareholders. According to the company, “ExxonMobil’s results for the third quarter of 2011 reflected a continued commitment to operational integrity, disciplined investing and superior project execution.” (Business Monitor International, 2012) ExxonMobil faces legal issues that include environmental, discrimination, and human rights issues. Some of the environmental issues include the possibility of oil spills and allowing pollutants to escape into the air, which can affect global warming. Because of these issues ExxonMobil has been criticized by a well-known environmental lobby group called...
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...Presidential Power of Pardon in India I cannot accept your canon that we are to judge Pope and King unlike other men, with a favourable presumption that they do no wrong. If there is any presumption it is the other way, against the holders of power, increasing as the power increases.- Lord Acton (Quoted by Justice Krishna Iyer in Maru Ram v Union of India) The Power of Pardon was historically vested in the British monarch. At common law, a pardon was an act of mercy whereby the king “forgives any crime, offence, punishment, execution, right, title, debt, or duty.” This power was absolute, unfettered and not subject to any judicial scrutiny. From this source, it came to find a place in the Constitutions of India and the USA as well as the Constitutional structure of Britain. However it could hardly survive in its unrestrained nature in the democratic systems of these states. Over a period of time, it became diluted in the U.K. and U.S.A. to a limited extent through the exercise of judicial scrutiny. But its greatest dilution has occurred in India. The Supreme Court has conclusively established in the landmark cases of Maru Ram and Kehar Singh that the power of pardon is subject to judicial scrutiny. In subsequent cases, the Court enumerated specific grounds on which such scrutiny could be exercised. However the Court has wisely stopped short on laying down any explicit guidelines for the exercise of this power. This article seeks to analyse the Court’s jurisprudence with respect...
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...Social Networking and Education: Emerging Research within CSCL Abstract: In this paper I introduce a youth-initiated practice: online social networking that is transforming our society in important ways and has vast implications for learning research and education. I introduce the social and technical features that characterize social networking systems and outline results from emerging research that suggests the social and intellectual practices in which participants naturally engage and how these relate to the competencies increasingly valued in formal education. Next, I discuss one research projects which I am currently pursuing that build on early work and suggest how educational programs might employ such practices to advantage. Finally, I discuss what I see as the educative value of this technology in certain contexts and suggest a course for future research and development. My overall goals are to inform other researchers interested in pursuing similar projects and to stimulate interdisciplinary conversation about where such agendas fit within and advance the aims of CSCL. Social Networking Systems: The Next Wave of CSCL? Recent conference symposia, papers and journal articles within the CSCL community have demonstrated keen interest in learning from students’ everyday out-of-school socio-technical practices about how to better develop future technology-powered contexts for learning (Barron, 2006; Fields & Kafai, 2007; Forte & Bruckman, 2008; Gardner & Kolodner, 2007;...
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...1080/09540962.2012.676273 PLEASE SCROLL DOWN FOR ARTICLE Taylor & Francis makes every effort to ensure the accuracy of all the information (the “Content”) contained in the publications on our platform. However, Taylor & Francis, our agents, and our licensors make no representations or warranties whatsoever as to the accuracy, completeness, or suitability for any purpose of the Content. Any opinions and views expressed in this publication are the opinions and views of the authors, and are not the views of or endorsed by Taylor & Francis. The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling,...
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