..."Distribution and Pricing" Please respond to the following: • Discuss the various ways that distribution adds value (or utility) to a product or service, the impact that wholesalers and retailers have on that value, and how it can be used as a competitive advantage. Strictly speaking, although a wholesaler may own or control retail operations, wholesalers do not sell to end customers. Indeed, many wholesale operations are themselves owned by retailers or manufacturers. Wholesalers are extremely important in a variety of industries, including automobiles, grocery products, plumbing supplies, electrical supplies, and raw farm produce. Wholesaling involves that part of the marketing process in which intermediaries, i.e., those between the producer and end consumer, buy and resell goods, making them available to an expanded buyer's market over an expanded geographical market area. As middle agents, wholesalers are only effective when the price they charge for goods and services is less than the value placed by customers. By facilitating the transfer of title of goods, they are involved in the bulking and distributing of goods. (www.referenceforbusiness.com/encyclopedia/Val-Z/Wholesaling.html#ixzz1nOmy6Yk2 ) • As you market yourself to employers, the salary you demand is essentially your personal price. Keeping that in mind, determine the pricing strategy should you follow (penetration, skimming, or competitive). Explain your rationale. In most cases competitive pricing strategy...
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...as resellers, buy products to resell at a profit. Intermediaries include certain types of resellers such as wholesalers and retailers, who purchase products from manufacturers, then distribute them to consumers and other buyers. A channel of distribution includes the locations where sellers market their products to the final consumer. This could be a combination of institutions through which sellers deliver their product (i.e., wholesalers, retailers, agents). There are many marketing functions that are handled by these intermediaries, including buying, selling, sorting, financing, storage, and transportation. The conventional channels of distribution involve many methods of getting products to the final consumer. These methods may include distribution from the manufacturer directly to the consumer, distribution from the manufacturer to a retailer to the consumer, and several others. From a strategic point of view, the term "supply chain management" connotes a holistic, systems approach to viewing product distribution as an integral component of partnering with vendors, suppliers, and various intermediary marketers. When determining a channel of distribution plan for a company, the choice of channel may be influenced by the distribution coverage required, the degree of control the company desires, the total distribution costs, economies of scale, and channel flexibility. Distribution "can be viewed along a continuum ranging from intensive to selective to exclusive distribution" (Peter...
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...below: COMPANY NAME Product name Section No Serial No Student name Student No Each group should choose a company operates in an industry such as Food & Beverage, Consumer Goods & Services, Automotive... etc. and focus on one product that the chosen company offers to its target customers. The project should cover the following: 1. Company Background 2. Company SWOT Analysis: a. Strengths b. Weaknesses c. Opportunities d. Threats 3. Customer Needs and Wants Write the definition of needs and wants, and then describe needs and wants the company seeks to satisfy by offering the product. 4. Customer Value Write the definition of superior customer value. What superior customer value does the product offers to satisfy the needs of target customers? 5. Target Market (s) the company decided to serve: Write the definition of the target market, and then describe the target customers in terms of their location, gender, age…etc. 6. Product Differentiation and Positioning Strategy: Write the definition of Product Differentiation and Positioning. Write how the company differentiates its product to create superior customer value, and how the product is positioned in the mind of target customers. 7. Marketing Mix (4Ps): a. Product: Write the definition of a product and write about the features of your product and the number of versions offered for that product. Does the company have one or more product lines, what are they. Are...
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...Assignment #3 Pricing Strategy and Channel Distribution Marketing Management – MKT 500 February 15, 2012 Pricing Strategy and Channel Distribution Determine and discuss a pricing strategy (Skimming and Penetration). One of the four major elements of the marketing mix is price. Pricing is very important strategic element. The pricing strategies impinge on featuring products, channel decisions, and promotions. This strategy helps marketers set prices. (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor, 2011) There are many ways to price a product. Two commonly known pricing strategies are skimming and penetration. Lavishness Hair Studio is likely to use one or both of them over a calculated period of time. Price skimming involves charging the highest price possible for a short time where a new, innovative, or much-improved product is launched onto a market. The objective with skimming is to “skim the cream” off customers who are willing to pay more to have the product sooner. Prices are usually lowered once demand falls. Penetration pricing is the opposite; it involves the setting of lower, rather than higher price for a new product. The seller wants to discourage competitors from entering the market by building a large market share quickly. The plan is to raise prices as soon as the introductory offer is over (Pride, Hughes, & Kapoor, 2011). Lavishness Hair Studio will use price penetration during the initial opening phase of the business. Penetration pricing is the strategy...
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...marketing mix for a new product or service Marketing mix Sometimes referred to as the four P’s of Product, Price, promotion and Place, these are the ideas to consider when marketing a product. The marketing mix provides an excellent framework for developing marketing plans. There are four main parts which are: * Product * Price * Promotion * Place Product A product is something that can be accessible to a market to satisfy a want or need. Products include physical goods, services, experiences, events, persons, places, properties, organisations, information and ideas. It is therefore the mixture of goods and services that are obtainable to the target consumer. Product levels A product can be viewed in three different levels: * Level 1: The core product is the benefit of the product that makes it valuable to someone. * Level2: The actual product is the physical item. Branding, added features and benefits play apart to differentiate the product from competitors offers. * Level 3: the augmented product is additional value beyond the physical product. It normally involves after-sales service, warranties, deliveries, instillations etc. Product range A business always changes and updates its products range and mix. Another important issue is the extent of the mix. If a business does not have a lot products, there is a chance that one will go out of date and damage total sales significantly. However, if there is too much products, the range might...
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...The Marketing Mix (4p’s) The marketing mix consists of Product, Price, Place and Promotion strategies that a firm uses to help them reach their objectives. The marketing mix principles are controllable variables which have to be carefully managed and must meet the needs of the defined target group. All elements of the mix are linked and must support each other. PRODUCT STRATEGIES When an organization introduces a product into a market they must ask themselves a number of questions. • Who is the product aimed at? • What benefit will they expect? • How do they plan to position the product within the market? • What differential advantage will the product offer over their competitors? Three levels of a product Level 1: Core Product. What is the core benefit your product offers? Customers who purchase a camera are buying more than just a camera they are purchasing memories. Level 2: Actual Product. All cameras capture memories. The aim is to ensure that your potential customers purchase your one. The strategy at this level involves organizations branding, assessed features and benefits to ensure that their product offers a differential advantage from their competitors. Level 3: Augmented Product. What additional non-tangible benefits can you offer? Competition at this level is based around after sales service, warranties, delivery. A retail departmental store that offers a free five year guarantee on purchases...
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...Technical University The two pricing strategies that M&M need to take in consideration are Penetration Pricing and skimming strategy. Our book for this class outlines four strategies that are essentially used in the business, which are skimming, economy, penetration, and premium pricing strategies (Definition of Pricing, 2015). Organizations may diversify the four mentioned strategies, or may include even more strategies that are found through researching, such as the high and low strategy, marginal cost pricing, and market oriented pricing. Price may maximize revenue and profits, or may backup existing market from new competitors (Definition of Pricing, 2015). However, for this assignment I’ve chosen the before mentioned strategies, penetration & skimming as I’ve compared and analyzed M&M’s benefits in comparison to the cost associated with gaining them. Penetration pricing is set preciously short in order to gain market share swiftly. After a new service is launched, there is an understanding that prices increase after the period of promotion and also after there are achievements of market share objectives (Definition of Pricing, 2015). With penetration pricing, there is a goal of customers’ attraction from setting prices low. Skimming strategy’s idea is to recuperate maximum money upon services attract more competition that will decrease profits for the organization (Applied Managerial). Skimming is basically having a price set high for products until competitors permit...
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...International Marketing International Marketing Lesson 5 Dr. David Ambaye Lesson outline International pricing decisions International distribution decisions International Marketing - ESC 1 3 The 4Ps of Marketing «Meeting consumers’ needs» MIX PRODUIT PRODUCT Variety Quality Options and features Design, style Brand Packaging Size Guarantee After sales service PRIX PRICE Fees (margins) Discounts Sales Terms of payment Credit terms COMMUNICATION PROMOTION Advertising Sales force Sales promotion Public relations Direct mail Direct Marketing DISTRIBUTION PLACE Distribution channels Sales outliets Stock keeping Warehousing Means of transport Target Market © Dr. David Ambaye I. International pricing decisions Price: • the only element of the marketing mix that produces revenue, the other elements produce costs • communicates to the market the company’s intended value positioning of its product or brand Prices are perhaps the easiest element of the marketing program to adjust; product features, channels, and even communications take more time. International Marketing - ESC 1 5 Market Research What new products does the market need? Concept A new type of car Product development Development of the idea, design and key features within the manufacturing constraints Engineering/ Manufacturing Manufacturing tools and prototype created Test marketing Prototype tested with target...
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...2013 Marketing Mix 4p’s The Marketing mix is a set of four decisions which need to be taken before launching any new product. These variables are also known as the 4 P’s of marketing. The marketing mix consists of- Product Price Place Promotion Marketing Mix 4p’s [pic] The marketing mix principles are controllable variables which have to be carefully managed and must meet the needs of the defined target group. All elements of the mix are linked and must support each other. PRODUCT STRATEGIES When an organization introduces a product into a market they must ask themselves a number of questions. • Who is the product aimed at? • What benefit will they expect? • How do they plan to position the product within the market? • What differential advantage will the product offer over their competitors? Three levels of a product Level 1: Core Product. What is the core benefit your product offers? Customers who purchase a camera are buying more than just a camera they are purchasing memories. Level 2: Actual Product. All cameras capture memories. The aim is to ensure that your potential customers purchase your one. The strategy at this level involves organizations branding, assessed features and benefits to ensure that their product offers a differential advantage from their competitors. Level 3: Augmented Product. What additional non-tangible benefits can you offer? Competition at this level is based around after sales service...
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...Product, Pricing, and Channels Paper Davy Ferguson, Antoinette Gardner, Adrienne Howard, Nancy Rooke, Taivonti Savage MKT/421 May 12, 2015 Dr. Christopher Whitaker Product, Pricing, and Channels Paper Meeting the Needs of the Target Market Duende is an athletic apparel company focusing on the growing demand for fashionable, functional active wear. There is a large market for the products currently offered by Duende and consumers are looking for athletic apparel in new fabrics and bright colors which broadens the scope for even more products to join the Duende product line. Today, Duende offers products such as running shoes, backpacks, hats, sunglasses, socks, protective gear, fitness devices, and yoga apparel. Duende’s research and development group is constantly surveying the market to stay in touch with latest trends. Active wear is especially appealing to those who are interested in a healthier lifestyle. Duende’s offers a product line geared toward the gym-minded professional who is interested in clothing that is comfortable and also motivational. A pair of super cute leggings works for the gym and also transitions well into the after gym trip to the grocery store. Some of our customers will purchase our products to use as leisure wear. Our customers will wear our products because they feel good, look good, and make them feel good about themselves even if they do not plan to go to the gym today. Duende offers this functionality at an affordable price. ...
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...interesting marketplaces in order to determine how a business can optimally compete in them.” There are numerous barriers in marketing planning such as: Target Market When a company is uncertain about its target market and whether it is the right one may stand as a barrier for marketing planning. The reason that companies have target markets is to be able to work their way towards that target. The product or service that they will be designing will be according to the characteristics and tendencies of that target. In the case of Athena Milk, the company used an endorser such as Anne Curtis; a strong, independent working woman. Environmental Barriers Environmental barriers include factors such as social, legal economic, political, technological, and ethical norms; it may post major barriers to marketing planning by placing restrictions or limitations in the way the business interacts with the environment. (Scheid, 2011) Regulations may prevent comparison marketing when market surveys indicate the best form of marketing as comparing the product with the competitor’s substandard product. Cultural Barriers Cultural barriers are essentially factors that have to do with how the customers are raised or what has been accustomed to them. Factors that are included in cultural barriers are language, behavior, stereotypes, and beliefs. For example, for a company like Athena Milk, it may not be a hit in areas such as the Middle East since its target market is working women; compared...
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...various goods and services to satisfy those needs most effectively. So the businessman needs to: (a) produce or manufacture the product according to consumers’ need; (b) make available it at a price that the consumers’ find reasonable; (c) supply the product to the consumers at different outlets they can conveniently approach; and (d) inform the consumers about the product and its characteristics through the media they have access to. So the marketing manager concentrates on four major decision areas while planning the marketing activities, namely, (i) products, (ii) price, (iii) place (distribution) and (iv) promotion. These 4 ‘P’s are called as elements of marketing and together they constitute the marketing mix. All these are inter-related because a decision in one area affects decisions in other areas. In this lesson you will learn about the basic aspects relating to these 4‘P’s viz., product, price, place and promotion. OBJECTIVES After studying this lesson, you will be able to : • • • • • • • • explain the concept of marketing mix and its components; explain the meaning of product and its classification; state the various factors affecting pricing decisions; describe different methods of pricing; state the meaning of channels of distribution; identify the various channels of distribution; state the factors affecting choice of a channel of distribution; and explain the concepts of promotion and promotion mix. 101 Business Studies MODULE -5 Marketing 20.1 CONCEPT...
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...marketing plan. It provides a description of the pricing strategy that Toyota will use when establishing product prices. The report further gives a detailed explanation of two distribution channels that Toyota will use to supply products to customers. These channels include the dealership and retail channel. Toyota will also use a promotional strategy that will use various components of the marketing mix: Advertising, public relations, personal selling and sales promotions. The marketing implementation plan of Toyota covers various concepts, which include, structural issues and tactical marketing activities. The final part of the marketing plan is an evaluation and controls. It covers formal and informal controls, marketing implementation schedule and an explanation of a market audit. Pricing Strategy The pricing strategy that the Toyota company applies should fit the financial preferences of their target emerging markets such as the Asian countries and other potential international markets. The pricing objectives of the company will be: * To increase the profit margin by 50% in the next one 12 months * To increase sales volumes by 20% in the next two years Toyota will apply various pricing methods, in order to achieve the above pricing objectives. According to Shefer (2007), marketing managers use various pricing methods to achieve their pricing objectives. Besides using the price methods, they may also design innovative pricing methods that fit the needs of both the organization...
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...Case 6 Pricing Case: Terry’s Miracle Paint Terry Chase is a car painter. He has been painting cars for 10 years. Last year, he made an amazing discovery. He mixed a clear paint that once heated would take on the color of the paint around it on the car. He has been experimenting with paints that change color for the last two years and this new paint he has developed will be a major innovation to the paint market for cars. As car paint weathers, it fades and car painters always have a problem matching the paints to older faded cars that are wrecked or scratched. Terry feels that his new paint will be most beneficial to people who want to touch up scratches to their cars and auto dealership that want to make quick repairs. The question that Terry needs to answer is how much to charge for his new touch up paint. He has decided to sell in a 4 fluid ounce tube with a brush included. It costs Terry $3.00 per tube for the first 1000. Terry knows that conventional touch up paint costs about $4.00/tube. However, his paint has much better qualities; consumers do not need to worry about matching color and his paint flows and seals better. However, when Terry asks the manager at AutoZone about his paint the manager said the consumers are very careful about what they put on their cars and many are reluctant to try new brands. The manager at Autozone said that his customers are quite price sensitive. Terry becomes confused about where he should sell the paint and what price...
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...ENGLISH LANGUAGE TERM PAPER THE 4 P OF MARKETING Subject: English Language Professor: prof. M. Miščančuk Student: Andreja Andraši (1791/601) Varaždin, 09.04.2010. Varaždin, 09.04.2010. 2 Table of content 3 1. The 4 P's of Marketing in general 4 2. The Marketing Mix 4 2.1. Product Decisions 5 2.1.1. The Product Life Cycle (PLC) 6 2.1.1.1. Introduction 7 2.1.1.2. Growth 7 2.1.1.3. Maturity 7 2.1.1.4. Decline 7 2.1.2. Problems with Product Life Cycle 7 2.1.3. The Customer Life Cycle (CLC) 8 2.2. Price Decisions 8 2.2.1. Pricing Strategies 9 2.2.1.1. Premium Pricing 9 2.2.1.2. Penetration Pricing 9 2.2.1.3. Economy Pricing 9 2.2.1.3. Price Skimming 10 2.2.1.4. Psychological Pricing 10 2.2.1.5. Product Line Pricing 10 2.2.1.6. Optional Product Pricing 10 2.2.1.7. Captive Product Pricing 10 2.2.1.8. Product Bundle Pricing 10 2.2.1.9. Promotional Pricing 11 2.2.1.0. Geographical Pricing 11 2.2.1.1. Value Pricing 11 2.3. Place (Distribution) Decisions 11 2.3.1. Six basic 'channel' decisions 12 2.3.2. Selection Consideration - how do we decide upon a distributor 12 2.3.3. Types of Channel Intermediaries 13 2.4. Promotion Decisions 13 2.4.1. The Promotions Mix 14 2.4.1.1. Personal Selling 14 2.4.1.2. Sales Promotion 14 2.4.1.3. Public Relations (PR) 15 ...
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