...A. What is the deference between a Project and Program in a organization with example and justification Answer: Definition of a Project A project is a temporary entity established to deliver specific (often tangible) outputs in line with predefined time, cost and quality constraints. A project should always be defined and executed and evaluated relative to an (Executive) approved business case which balances the costs, benefits and risks of the project. The project business case should be managed under change control. Definition of a Program program in an organization is group of related projects that are managed using the same technique in a coordinated fashion to achieve the organization’s business goal. To differentiate Project and Program in an organization, I would like to use an example of a welfare organization. The agency has a program for children’s welfare. The agency includes number of project to achieve organization’s business goal such as project for pre-natal care mothers, project to immunize children from 0- 5 years and a project for health status of preschool children. Again, there are the main areas of difference between project and program as follows: 1. Objective: The project are easy to describe, define and measurable of its outcomes. The project is always tending towards objective. In case of program, outcomes are intangible, difficult to quantify. Program introduces new capabilities in to the organization and work as subjective in nature....
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...Project Management Competencies in the Project Oriented Organization In the project-based organization, project management (pm) competences are not only required by individuals, but also by project teams and by organizations. As project management has to be considered as a core competence of the project-based organization (called in this document the project-oriented organization, POO), this competence has to be explicitly developed by the organization. Source: People in Project Management Copyright: Roland Gareis and Martina Huemann Copyright statement This white paper is a chapter taken from a Gower book and provided free of charge to visitors to the website of the National Centre for Project Management. You may download it freely from the website www.cs.mdx.ac.uk/ncpm/about.html. You may also share it with colleagues, either in printed or electronic form (via e-mail), as long as you include this copyright page, each time you do so. Please respect the copyright of the author and do not publish the material in any form (printed or electronic) or circulate the material to any e-mail network. For permission to include this document in a website, intranet or extranet, please visit the Gower website (www.gowerpub.com) and contact our e-marketing manager, Elaine Hill, through the website. Gower Publishing, Gower House, Croft Road, Aldershot, Hants, GU11 3HR, UK. Tel: +44 (0) 1252 331551 e-mail: sales@gowerpublishing.com web: www.gowerpub.com 3 Project management competences...
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...Inter-organisational projects in French innovation clusters: The construction of collaboration Ludivine Calamela, b, Christian Defélixa, b, c, Thierry Picqd, , and Didier Retoura, b, c a Université de Grenoble, France b CERAG UMR 5820, France c IAE, France d EM LYON Business School, France Received 1 August 2010; revised 23 February 2011; accepted 10 March 2011. Available online 7 April 2011. Abstract Having received considerable attention from central government and local authorities, French innovation clusters (the so-called ‘pôles de compétitivité’) are beginning to be studied by academic researchers and evaluated by consultants. The core of their activity consists of collaborative projects, which are characterised by specific management and Human Resources practices located at the junction of different cultures and employment statuses. Almost four years after they were launched, what can we say about the dynamic of these collaborative projects? What is the reality of such collaboration when it involves multiple partnerships bringing together employees from different occupational cultures and Human Resources Management systems? The aim of this longitudinal research, which is based on the observation of two collaborative projects in one of the most largest clusters in France, is to discuss management and HR issues in such a setting. A literature review highlights the need to open up the ‘black box’ of collaboration within projects and encourages examination...
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...Project management and 21st century organizations Chapter 19 discusses the importance of project failure and how to successfully manage them in order to avoid this. It also identifies the different kinds of outsourcing. Chapter 20 goes on to discuss how technology has affected the business world and explains ways to develop a 21st century organization. Often times a business will lose time and money due to the lack or poor use of project management; however, if it is correctly utilized, project management will ensure that an organization successfully completes projects on time, within budget, and with minimal disruptions. Project management can be used in all departments (sales, marketing, accounting, etc.) and the benefits are categorized by being either tangible or intangible. Tangible benefits are measured in monetary terms. They include things such as increased productivity, increased response time, decrease in costs. Intangible are not measured monetarily but they still have a substantial impact on the business. Examples are facilitation of strategic planning, improved customer response, improved decision making. Feasibility analyzes the company’s ability to successfully complete a project. This allows managers to examine possible outcomes, both negative and positive, of a project before investing too much time and money in it. All projects are constricted by the interdependent variables time, cost, and scope. Change to one variable will affect either one or both of...
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...* Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 The meaning of “project” 2 3 Project stakeholders 4 4 Meaning of project management 5 5 Factors influence on project 5 6 Project management theory 6 7 Project Management Tools and Technique 7 7.1 Cost benefit analysis (CBA) 7 7.2 Gantt chart 8 7.3 Work breakdown structure (WBS) 9 8 Project management software (PMS) 10 9 TQM 11 10 Critical Path Method (CPM) 11 11 Management by Objectives 11 12 Conclusion 12 13 References 12 14 Bibliography 13 Appendix A : Nine Project Management Areas 14 Appendix B : Project lifecycle 17 Appendix C :Common project Management tools and Techniques 19 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT TOOLS AND CONCEPTS IN A HOSPITALITY & TOURISM ORGANIZATION Introduction Project management (PM) facilitates to a structured approach to managing projects for project managers. PM reduces risk and provides assurance by providing tools at the same time environment to plan, observe, track, and deal with schedules, quality as well as resource.PM can be applied into both soft and hard projects such as personnel projects, IT, construction, finance, sports, and event planning, HR etc. Project management gives advantages like; a. Better control of financial, physical, and human resources b. Improved customer relations c. Shorter development times d. Lower costs e. Higher quality and increased reliability f. Higher profit margins ...
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...Understanding Manager Roles, Organizational Systems, and Challenges The Brewery Arts Center, located in Carson City Nevada, is a non-profit organization that brings a variety of artistic endeavors to this and surrounding areas. Taking up 2 city blocks and 2 very old buildings, this organization has an art gallery, art store, and 3 classrooms providing classes for pottery, painting, and one open classrooms for various art classes. There are also two stages for performing and a media center. All of this is under the management of Gina Hill. Aside from Gina there are 3 part-time employees; admin, maintenance, and a production head. Everything else is taken on by volunteers. It is Gina’s job to ensure that this organization continues to grow and provide various types of art to the community. With a lot of small cities and towns grouped together in Northern Nevada, such as Reno, Tahoe, and Minden there is quite a bit of competition when it comes to getting the attention of not only the immediate area but that of the surrounding area as well. Taking over as head manager two years ago, Gina has been able to pull this organization out of the downward spiral it was in. Keeping track of this progress mainly by monitoring ticket sales and membership numbers, of which have doubled in the last two years. Gina attributes this growth to allowing those that volunteer and become members then get to “drive the mission” as GIna puts it. Using tools such as online surveys, forums...
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...and answer document, uploaded to D2L dropbox. You will have to find an IT professional to interview on your own. Description of this assignment 1. Each student needs to find a candidate for a Post-implementation Review (PIR) report describing an information systems development project. 2. Where can you find an information technology professional to interview? You will have to find an IT professional to interview on your own. 3. If you work for a business or government organization, you should consider interviewing the IT/MIS director for your organization. If you work P/T or F/T in any reasonably sized organization, it is likely that there are some IT workers around (like help desk staff, programmers, analysts, network technicians or even IT managers). It can even be a friend, relative or acquaintance you know who works in such a job. 4. The following is a list of themes that you could address in the interview: Please do not write this paper in question and answer format. Use the questions below to help guide the interview. ▪ What type of job does he/she do? For whom? ▪ What projects is he/she currently working on for the organization? ▪ What projects has he/she recently completed? ▪ What IT applications has the firm recently implemented? ▪ Were the most recently applications developed in-house, were they outsourced development or were they application software packages that were customized and purchased? ...
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...For ""Anticipated Project Size"" use your internal metrics as guidance. For example, if you use lines of code, then mentally assign ball park values to Small, Medium and Large as part of determining whether to give this criteria a high or low score. Follow a similar process ""Anticipated Duration"". Since project duration depends on project complexity, mentally categorize earlier projects as short, average or long duration to help put the current project in context. 2. After assigning a score for each criteria, view the Feasibility Study Suitability Indicator to discover the best method to use for determining project viability. 3. Omitted criteria will give an inaccurate result, so ensure all criteria are scored before checking the indicator." Criteria "Score (1=high, 3=low)" Guidelines Business Risk "1 = Significant, high-risk projects 2 = Low-to-modertate risk projects 3 = Small, low risk projects" Technology Risk "1 = Significant, high risk technological risks 2 = Low-to-moderate technological risks 3 = Small, low technological risks" Anticipated Project Size "1 = Large 2 = Medium sized 3 = Small" Anticipated Project Duration "1 = Long 2 = Medium duration 3 = Short" Project Dependencies "1 = Substantial and intricate project dependencies 2 = Minimal or manageable project dependencies 3 = No project dependencies" ...
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... [INDIVIDUAL REPORT PROJECT] | MATRIX ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE | Quaid-I-Azam School of Management Sciences ISLAMABAD Submitted to: Sir Sarfaraz Hussain Ansari Subject: Principle of Management Introduction: A matrix organization structure can simply be defined as an organization, which has multi reporting lines in which employees have more than one formal boss. In other word a matrix structure is a grid like organizational structure that allows a company to address multiple business dimensions by the help of multiple command structure. If we closely examine this, we can easily find it, as a hybrid of functional and divisional structure. Multinational companies usually practice matrix structure or matrix management system to blend and bring functional and divisional structure under the same umbrella of an organization in order to gain more benefits out of it. But at the same time, it is not so much easy as it looks, but, rather it is very much difficult and challenging job for the top management to carry on operations in a matrix system. We will later in detail discuss the challenges, pros and cons of matrix organizational structure and how to deal with them. The concept of matrix organizational structure evolved in 1960s to meet the needs of the aerospace industry. NASA was the first organization who adopted matrix organization structure for its multiple projects. Government contract selection process required a project-oriented system, which should...
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...Course Project: Concentrate on the communication process and how it affects the organization to achieve its goals. Communication in organizations encompasses all the means, both formal and informal, by which information is passed up, down, and across the network of managers and employees in a business. These various modes of communication may be used to disseminate official information between employees and management. Communications can be effective and non-effective which lead the organization to accomplish the tasks. This project presents the classic communication models that are taught in introducing students to interpersonal communication and mass communication, including Shannon's information theory model (the active model), a cybernetic model that includes feedback (the interactive model, an intermediary model (sometimes referred to as a gatekeeper model of the two-step flow), and the transactive model. It then introduces a new ecological model of communication that, it is hoped, more closely maps to the the range of materials we teach and research in the field of communication today. This model attempts to capture the fundamental interaction of language, medium, and message that enables communication, the socially constructed aspects of each element, and the relationship of creators and consumers of messages both to these elements and each other. There are several other models of communication like Intermediary Model, Interactive Model, Transactional Model and...
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...Discussion on organizational structure Chapter 11 discusses a great deal on the various organization structures along with their advantages and disadvantages. It was interesting to read the subtle differences between the various organizational structures (specially the matrix Vs functional organizational structures) and relate to it my work life. Chapter 11 talks about the following traditional structures Simple organization structure: “Structure in which there is an owner and a few employees and where the arrangement of tasks, responsibilities, and communication is highly informal and accomplished through direct supervision” Pearce, J. A. & Robinson, R. B. (2013). Functional organization structure: “Structure in which the tasks, people, and technologies necessary to do the work of the business are divided into separate “functional” groups (e.g., marketing, operations, finance) with increasingly formal procedures for coordinating and integrating their activities to provide the business’s products and services” Pearce, J. A. & Robinson, R. B. (2013). According to Pearce, J. A. & Robinson, R. B. (2013). , “A divisional organizational structure is one in which a set of relatively autonomous units, or divisions, are governed by a central corporate office but where each operating division has its own functional specialists who provide products or services different from those of other divisions.” “The matrix organizational structure is one in which functional...
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...|A CFO's Guide For Managing IT | |Bill Friend - December 25, 2003 | |Top of Form | |1. | |IT Has Changed Forever | | | |2. | |Can IT Be Managed Like Accounting? | | | |3. | |Taming the Beast | | ...
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...Organizational Structure and Controls Organizational structure refers to relationships of different employees with different role responsibilities in an organization or company facilitating interactions from both horizontal and vertical flows of information. An organization has different structural dimensions like formalization, hierarchy of authority, specialization, personnel ratios and professionalism. Any organization should boost improvement and participation and should be planning to go beyond its performance levels. Organizations would also excell on having contextual magnitudes such as technology uses, size and operating environment from where it operates. There are also different types of organizational structures that group employees together based on their skills and knowledge, basically a corporation has necessary jobs that are related and organizations finds who works well with whom and who will make the decisions. These structures are horizontal, functional, divisional, hybrid and matrix (www.smallbusiness.com/functional). The horizontal structure has a less- distinct chain of command. All employees in this segment can have input on how they organization is run. Employees in the horizon structure don’t have a single defined duty because they work together in teams where everyone has many different functions within the organization. There employees may not have on boss, but many different supervisors throughout the company. In this setting, team leaders report to a crew of...
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...COURSE TITLE: Organization Theory and Design COURSE NUMBER: MGT 6501 FACULTY CONTACT INFORMATION: Sherry.L.Read@WilmU.edu I can be reached by through email, and will respond within 24 hours, usually sooner. In an emergency situation, you can reach me on my cell at 302-545-2892. COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course focuses on the classical and modern aspects of organizations and the role of managers as leaders and facilitators of change. Organizational theory and design are introduced to understand the implementation of policy within the organization. This course emphasizes design concepts that impact employee motivation, interpersonal relationships, group dynamics, leadership, teams, and organizational culture of the context of both emerging theory and current/future practice. COURSE OBJECTIVES: 1. Demonstrate a systematic and critical understanding of organizational theory and factors involved in the functioning of complex organizations. 2. Demonstrate comprehensive knowledge of the images of organizations that we have in the United States and the role of individuals in those organizations. 3. Analyze an organization, using a common vocabulary, in light of the images and make recommendations for initiating organizational improvement. 4. Recognize the relationships between the organization and its internal...
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...communication is important. Poor interdepartmental communication can cost the organization, therefore it is important to improve communication across all departments. According to Towers Watson “companies with high effectiveness in change management and communications are three and a half times more likely to significantly outperform their industry peers than firms that are not effective in these areas” (Watson, 2013). Improving interdepartmental communication can be difficult, it is isn’t like a software where the software does the job. But it you are relying on your employees to communicate to one another. Everyone is different and from different backgrounds, communication...
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