...considered to be a landmark case which stated state laws which had allowed the establishing of different public schools for African American and white pupils to be against the constitution. The verdict overruled the 1896 decision of Plessy v. Ferguson decision, a ruling that permitted state-sponsored segregation, provided it applied to public education. The Brown V. Topeka decision ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal (CRMVet.org, n.d., p. 1954, para. 3)." Because of this decision, racial segregation was decreed to be in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment of the United States Constitution. The Brown V. Topeka Board of Education ruling would lead the way for desegregation and became a vital triumph in the civil rights movement. At the time of the Brown ruling, much of the southern United States was segregated. Racial segregation was hardly a fresh occurrence; almost all African Americans had been subject to slavery prior to the Civil War. Nor was racial segregation a new concept, but one that has occurred as early (and likely earlier) as the days of the Tang Dynasty. Under segregation, signs were posted showing African Americans where they could, under the protection of the law to walk, converse, dine or even use the bathroom. Even in areas already racially integrated, African Americans were still forced to wait on white customers to be served or waited on first. The segregation of races affected the lives of African...
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...PENSACOLA STATE COLLEGE COURSE: MANAGIIGING DIVERSITY SEMESTER: SUMMER, 2015 INSTRUCTOR: MOLLIE ANDRAE Q 1. Which dimensions of business case for diversity are the most persuasive? Why? No matter which definition you put on work diversity, most organization if not all are acknowledging the importance of making diversity a business consideration. “Our work place is changing and diversity is no longer the exception, it is the norm now. It is good for business and when we achieve unity in diversity, everyone wins”. (Lativin, D.). Changes in the workplace are the result of various shifts in U.S. demographics. Among these are the country’s racial and ethnic makeup. People of color have reached over 100 million, according the U.S. Census Bureau. The dimensions of business case for diversity may vary from organization to organization depending on their priorities but the case for business diversity is somewhat the same across the board. The demographic shift creating a new customer base and workforce is not the only reason to implement diversity initiatives within a company’s business strategy. Increased globalization, improved financial results and employee retention are all part of a growing business case for diversity. To me, one of the most persuasive case for diversity is winning the competition for talent. The United States is the most diverse country in the world and no wonder is so economically successful and world super power as compared to other developed nations...
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...the education and economic gap between minorities and whites. Although it is not a perfect method to achieving equality in this country, it is essential to accept it for why it’s been put into place and that it is all part of a process. Of course affirmative action is far from perfect and has a fair deal of problems, like promoting reverse discrimination while backing up negative stereotypes. I researched all of these aspects while pondering the question “is affirmative action still needed in today’s society?” In this paper I will be explaining what affirmative action is.The history behind affirmative action like how it all unfolded, who made it, and the history as to why it is in effect now. I will also list some pros and cons of affirmative action, how the United States could better affirmative action for the future and finally a conclusion, which is my opinion on the topic. But what exactly is affirmative action? Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment and education acceptance decisions. Universities with affirmative action policies generally set goals to increase diversity. Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor are they supposed to give any preference to unqualified candidates. And by no means is affirmative action supposed to harm anyone through "reverse discrimination." The purpose was to create equal opportunity for...
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...My topic of interest is single-sex education schools and how it compares to coeducational schools. I am interested in this topic because I went to an all girl high school , so I have first hand experience. When I was in the eighth grade (co-educational, private catholic school) we were allowed to apply to three other catholic high school after taking an examination. I applied to Cathedral High School because the way they presented it was very good. It had a great science program, and internships at law offices, business companies and with doctors. This was the factor that attracted me most to the school meanwhile the other schools that were coeducational and offered similar programs were very large so that would mean less placement opportunities for students. I went to the school and regret nothing academically. I feel that I would of probably gotten the same education and to be honest perhaps it would have been better because most boy schools, and co-educational schools get better funding. I had a great time in high school, I met some very great people, I had some great teachers, and learned a great deal. It was rather easy though to hide from the realities of life. In the real world there are men and women. When you go off to college you will need to deal with guys, unless you go to a single-sex college, and there are not that many of them to begin with. Even though there are guys outside of the single-gender school environment, it is harder to interact with the opposite...
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...Reconstruction of the United states of America was a big failure and here are some reasons why. The government never had taken the biggest step and that was land redistribution. After the civil war slaves were left with no economic rights and basically became peasants to society and had no lives and couldn't live like they would of liked to. “Freeing slaves also led to crippling the land and the foundation of the south.” The reconstruction of the south lasted between the years of 1865 to 1877. Republican legislature failed to protect people who were once slaves from the white people that had been apart of the persecution committee. The supreme court eventually came to totally get rid of anti-progressive legislation to reverse the rights...
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... Federalism Federalism is a term that is timeworn, but is quite important in American history due to its lineage and how it affects government-both Federal and State. American Federalism is not a static set of arrangements, frozen in time by the United States Constitution but a dynamic, ever-changing, multi-dimensional process that has economic, administrative and political aspects as well as constitutional ones (Katz, 1997). So, what is Federalism? Federalism is a system that power is distributed between the Federal Government and the States. Years ago, many new Americans were scared because they feared that the new government might turn out to be another form of a monarchy. Also, the small states were quite scared that the larger states would overrule them in this new form of government (Wilson, Dilulio, Bose, 2014). So, when the Constitution was approved, certain provisions were added to the Constitution to ensure a balance between the larger states and the smaller ones (American Government, Wilson, Dilulio, Bose, 2014). As stated earlier, the power between the Federal Government and the State Government is shared. Much of the power the Federal Government has stems directly from the Constitution. The Constitution tells the states pretty much what they can do as well. An example of what the Federal Government can do is the ability to print and coin money, as well as the capacity to conduct trade with other nations, along...
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... Federalism Federalism is a term that is timeworn, but is quite important in American history due to its lineage and how it affects government-both Federal and State. American Federalism is not a static set of arrangements, frozen in time by the United States Constitution but a dynamic, ever-changing, multi-dimensional process that has economic, administrative and political aspects as well as constitutional ones (Katz, 1997). So, what is Federalism? Federalism is a system that power is distributed between the Federal Government and the States. Years ago, many new Americans were scared because they feared that the new government might turn out to be another form of a monarchy. Also, the small states were quite scared that the larger states would overrule them in this new form of government (Wilson, Dilulio, Bose, 2014). So, when the Constitution was approved, certain provisions were added to the Constitution to ensure a balance between the larger states and the smaller ones (American Government, Wilson, Dilulio, Bose, 2014). As stated earlier, the power between the Federal Government and the State Government is shared. Much of the power the Federal Government has stems directly from the Constitution. The Constitution tells the states pretty much what they can do as well. An example of what the Federal Government can do is the ability to print and coin money, as well as the capacity to conduct trade with other nations, along...
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...Advocacy Groups - an association of individuals or organizations who unite to actively support or defend an idea, usually to influence policies or resource allocations through media campaigns, public presentations, publicity, and legislative lobbying efforts; GROUP WHO TRY TO RAISE AWARENESS AND INFLUENCE POLITICS AND RESOURCE ALLOCATION advocacy groups are broader. interest groups are more specific. for example an environmental group would be an advocacy group and a group to save the rainforest would be an interest group. Amicus Curiae - “Friend of the Court.” A brief filed in a lawsuit by an individual or group that is not party to the lawsuit but that has an interest in the outcome. SOMEONE, NOT BELONGING TO ANY PARTY, VOLUNTEERS TO OFFER INFORMATION TO ASSIST IN A CASE, WHICH IS WHY IT MEANS FRIEND OF THE COURT Astroturf - refers to political, advertising or public relations campaigns that are designed to mask the sponsors of the message to give the appearance of coming from a disinterested, grassroots participant (i.e. fake grassroots); FAKE GRASS/FAKE SUPPORT; OPPOSITE OF GRASSROOTS; Creating the impression of public support by paying people in the public to pretend to be supportive. Bundling - A tactic in which PACs collect contributions from like-minded individuals (each limited to $2000) and present them to a candidate or political party as a “bundle,” thus increasing the PAC’s influence. Checkbook Membership- send in money to be a member A checkbook member is...
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...Social problems have been a part of society for thousands of years. Some have vanished over time while others have uprooted to accommodate with the changing times of the world. Different countries share similar social problems as well as different ones. All countries have tried to find solutions for these problems such as the United States, Britain, Uganda, and China. The United States has a lot of social problems. Since there is a lot of land, a vast majority of different cultures have settled here. As a result of all these different cultures colliding, social problems are common. Poverty is one of these problems. In order to deal with this, the United States government has created Welfare Programs. These programs give poor families money to get food, shelter, etc. Food stamps are issued, insurance is provided to the unemployed, and Head Start schools are provided for children. On top of these, nonprofit organizations set up numerous funding drives for the poor. These all sound good on paper, but some of these people are taking advantage of these programs. Some people feel it's the government's job to provide for them instead of getting a job. As a result, the taxpayer is the one who pays for these people's needs. Since people get a free ride, the poverty rates remain high. In Britain, one of their major social problems is race related. Instead of having mixed communities, only a certain race lives in a neighborhood in northern Britain. As tension built up between these...
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...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |School of Business | | |ACC/280 Version 5 | | |Principles of Accounting | Copyright © 2011, 2010, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course covers the fundamentals of financial accounting as well as the identification, measurement, and reporting of the financial effects of economic events on the enterprise. Financial information is examined from the perspective of effective management decision making with special emphasis on the planning and controlling responsibilities of practicing managers. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at...
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...CASE EXAMINATION EmRen Publishing Incorporated MAY 2013 © 2014 The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. All rights reserved. ®/™ Registered Trade-Marks/Trade-Marks are owned by The Society of Management Accountants of Canada. No part of this document may be reproduced in any form without the permission of the copyright holder. May 2013 Case Examination TABLE OF CONTENTS May 2013 Case Examination Page Case Question: Backgrounder ................................................................................... 1 Additional Information ..................................................................... 15 General Comments on Performance ....................................................... 30 Steps for Approaching Business and Corporate Strategy ........................ 41 Marker Assessment Guide ....................................................................... 48 Solution Notes for Markers....................................................................... 58 Sample Response – Successful Attempt #1 ............................................ 79 Sample Response – Successful Attempt #2 .......................................... 111 Sample Response – Unsuccessful Attempt ........................................... 152 May 2013 Case Examination May 2013 Case Examination Backgrounder The background information relating to the Case Examination (Backgrounder) is provided to candidates in advance of the examination date. The...
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...Abstract This paper discusses the underrepresentation of blacks in the accounting profession in light of the increasing demand for Certified Public Accountants (CPA). The paper ex- plores the various reasons why blacks are underrepresented in the accounting profession. Furthermore, the paper examines these reasons through the lens of race and ethnicity. The paper also synthesizes multiple sources regarding blacks’ underrepresentation in account- ing. Blacks are underrepresented in accounting because of internal and external factors linked to their ethnic identity. Many blacks feel that they do not belong to the accounting profession, and as a result, they rarely choose accounting as a career. Many CPA firms think that blacks are not capable of doing the job and delivering the superior results that clients expect. While the demand for new and diverse accounting talents is increasing in light of recent white-collar crimes committed by Bernie Madoff, Enron and WorldCom, blacks’ representation in the ac- counting field still remains low. Research has shown that blacks are under- represented in most American Certified Public Accountant (CPA) firms. There is much speculation as to why this is so. One reason might be that blacks have some personal qualities that cause them to enter the account- ing profession at a low rate. Some people might even wonder if society is still oppressive towards blacks years after the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s. The reasons why blacks are underrepresented...
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...that choices can be ranked in an order of preference. For instance, an individual will have a preference when faced with two choices. Transitivity means actions can be compared with other actions. As an example, if action a is preferred to b, and action b is preferred to c, then a is preferred to c. A benefit is the maximum unit of currency amount you would be willing to pay to do x, while the cost is the value of all the resources you must give up in order to do x. The cost-benefit approach to decisions states that an individual should do an activity x if the benefit exceeds the cost. Relating to cost, in the process of coming up with a decision, a rational individual will take into account opportunity costs and ignore sunk costs. * New theories argue that people are not always rational. On what grounds? What are the implications for Policy making? The arguments where people are not rational can be explained in the following conditions: 1. Economic theories state that people are homo economicus that always act on their own preferences. In short, individuals are selfish. However in reality, the well-being of others could also enter into an...
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...12:06 Page 1 WOMEN, GENDER AND WORK People are not defined solely by their work, nor is it possible to ignore the effects of factors outside the workplace on a person's status at work. To seek equality at work without seeking equality in the larger society – and at home – is illusory.Thus an examination of the issues surrounding women, gender and work must be holistic. That means considering the role of productive work in life as a whole and the distribution of unpaid work as well as the myriad questions relating to employment. This important anthology brings together the thinking of leading philosophers, economists and lawyers on this complex subject. Selected recent articles from the multidisciplinary International Labour Review are assembled for the first time to illuminate questions such as how we should define equality, what equal opportunity means and what statistics tell us about differences between men and women at work, how the family confronts globalization and what is the role of law in achieving equality. There is an examination of policy – to deal with sexual harassment and wage inequality, for example, as well as part-time work, the glass ceiling, social security, and much more. A major reference on the best of current research and analysis on gender roles and work. Martha Fetherolf Loutfi has been Editor-in-Chief of the International Labour Review, a Senior Economist for the Brandt Commission and in the ILO’s Employment and Development...
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...The Body Shop International PLC 2001: An Introduction to Financial Modeling Written Case Analysis Mitchell Bredberg-(12205176) Mitchell Sovis-(12156556) Jake Rux-(12159615) Zach Dorer-(12171436) Finance 465-001 11/10/15 I. Executive Summary Anita Roddick was the founder of The Body Shop International PLC. Despite growing a successful business, the company recently ran downhill after losing revenue growth starting in the late 1990s. One of the major problems was intense competition. This unexpected phenomenon caused The Body Shop to lose its image of being the “go to” place in Great Britain’s many shopping venues. Later on, a new CEO, Patrick Gournay, took charge and was faced with a declining pretax profit of twenty-one percent. Facing a dilemma, Gournay’s recommended plan of action included a focused product strategy of increased investment. He was confident this strategy would produce improved results. To be effective, this strategy incorporated a reduction in product and inventory costs as well as a reinforced stakeholder culture. To justify the course of action with this strategy, we will prepare a three-year financial forecast to help predict The Body Shop’s future earnings and financial needs. This forecast will be based on The Body Shop’s historical financial statements to create the best possible financial model going forward. II. Statement of the Problem When Anita Roddick was still CEO, the main problem affecting The Body Shop was not being...
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