...James E. Sullivan History-462 08/03/2015 Essay 2 Quakers in the Civil War Quakers or as the Society of Friends were most known as a faith-based religion, were peace loving, anti-war, anti-slavery, pro-conscientious objectors and a non-tax paying faith-based religion that came to exist in the Eastern colonies of the America’s since 1680 until modern day. In 1740, many Quakers that were based in Philadelphia became a hotbed of anti-slavery causes and became the first state to ban slavery. One of the most famous actions of these Quaker Friends was the successful transfer of fugitive slaves via “Underground Railroad” from the slave states to both Union as well as Canadian cities from the hub city of Philadelphia.The goal of most slaves who attempted to escape their masters and plantation slave life was not seeking Canada but places of safety. This mysterious Underground Railroad was made famous by such previously fugitive slaves as Ms. Harriet Tubman and Mr. Frederick Douglass. These two black people as well as many others, were assisted in their escape from bondage by other blacks (free and post-fugitive blacks) and especially by influential anti-slavery and anti-war white people such as Quakers and other anti-war and Christian based faiths. Many of these groups were instrumental in providing ‘conductors’, station masters’ as well as money, clothes, horses, and transportation as well as reading and writing skills. It has been estimated 40,000 fugitive slaves utilized some...
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...Vaccinations protect from nasty diseases, but the antiimmunisation voice is getting louder. Introduction Whilst some, or all of us, hate getting needles jabbed in us, it is sometimes necessary so we don’t get sick, or worse, die. There are terrible diseases i.e. Rubella, Polio, Whooping Cough, out there which we try to avoid. Vaccinations may help prevent getting them. Though we get immunised, we still need to be careful in making a well informed decision on behalf of this we love and care about. It is still possible to contract the disease we were vaccinated against, as in the case of chicken pox, where a person can come down with a slight case of it. We will look at the pros and cons of the immunisation debate and understand the benefit of proper decision making when deciding to get immunised. Body It is thought that vaccinations can help stop, and even get rid of, nasty diseases. It is reported that “Polio, for example, was eliminated in the United States by 1979 after widespread vaccination efforts” - as quoted from historyofvaccines.org. But while some people vaccinate their children, others do not. (Research from the National Health Performance Authority has found 77,000 Australian children are not fully immunised. As reported by Amy Simmons for ABC News. April 2013) In numerous parts of the world, it is thought that people need vaccines to stop the spread of disease. While some countries aren’t plagued with deadly diseases, there are some countries that...
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...(Thompson and Zabriskie, par. 7). Fortunately, the draft was not enacted and still remains unnecessary. Whenever the draft has been implemented in the United States, doom has appeared imminent. Draft evaders have faced imprisonment and death, and drafted soldiers have faced immoral treatment. Eerie similarities even exist between America’s formed drafted military and North Korea’s current conscripted army. Although the draft has been influential in American war history, the draft has had a negative impact on Americans, and reusing it would cause America to become like North Korea. Since colonial times, many Americans have resisted forced military service. When the colonies formed militias to fight the Indians, Quakers and Conscientious Objectors refused to fight based on their morals (Olson-Raymer, par. 7). In some instances, colonists abandoned their respect for freedom of religion and fined the pacifists (par. 8). Later, during the Revolutionary War, colonists composed a volunteer army (par.10). It, however, did not consist of enough soldiers, so President Washington attempted to draft all men for service (par. 10). Congress refused, though, and continued to do so with the three presidents succeeding Washington (par. 10). Americans’ rejection of the draft was further emphasized when one-third of colonists refused to join the war, and about 100,000 colonists emigrated to Canada and England (par. 11). In 1846, the first all-volunteer army fought in the Mexican-American War...
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...Facts 1. In the past 60 years, vaccines have helped eradicate one disease (smallpox) and are close to eradicating another (polio). 2. Vaccines currently help prevent more than 2.5 million deaths each year. 3. The impact of child vaccines is magnified when used in conjunction with other health efforts, including with things such as antibiotics, oral rehydration salts, bed nets, and vitamins. 4. New and underutilized vaccines could avert nearly 4 million child deaths under the age of 5 by 2015. 5. Vaccines cause “herd immunity”—if a majority of people in a community have been vaccinated against a disease, an unvaccinated person is less likely to get sick because others are less likely to get sick from and spread that disease. 6. Vaccines helped reduce measles deaths globally by 78% between 2000 and 2008; in sub-Saharan Africa, deaths dropped by 92% in the same period. 7. Vaccines exist that could stop rotavirus and pneumonia, two problems that kill nearly 3 million children under 5 each year. 8. New or improved vaccines are currently being developed for HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and neglected tropical diseases. Researchers estimate that a viable malaria vaccine could be ready for children in the developing world as early as 2015. 9. Not all vaccines are given as shots; vaccines for rotavirus and polio, for instance, are given orally. 10. The GAVI Alliance has supported the immunization of more than 288 million children and as a result...
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...------------------------------------------------- Accession of Turkey to the European Union | Turkey's application to accede to the European Economic Community, a predecessor of the European Union (EU), was made on 14 April 1987. Turkey has been an associate member since 1963.[2] After the ten founding members, Turkey was one of the first countries to become a member of the Council of Europe in 1949, and was also a founding member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in 1961[3] and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) in 1973. The country has also been an associate member of theWestern European Union since 1992, and is a part of the "Western Europe" branch of the Western European and Others Group (WEOG) at theUnited Nations. Turkey signed a Customs Union agreement with the EU in 1995 and was officially recognised as a candidate for full membership on 12 December 1999, at the Helsinki summit of the European Council. Negotiations were started on 3 October 2005, and the process, should it be in Turkey's favour, is likely to take at least a decade to complete.[4] The membership bid has become a major controversy of the ongoing enlargement of the European Union.[5] ------------------------------------------------- History After the Ottoman Empire's collapse following World War I, Turkish revolutionaries led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk emerged victorious in the Turkish War of Independence, establishing the modern Turkish...
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...Culture Change Paper Walmart is a global retailer with one of the most profitable business strategies on the planet. Walmart’s objective to offer the lowest prices to a diverse customer base has proven successful over several decades. Walmart began with a humble business model in the early 1960s. Sam Walton, original founder, wanted to provide people with the best prices possible. Sam Walton launched over a dozen locations to the public in the late 1960s. The profitable groundwork and strategy of every-day low prices spread rapidly through the next several decades. Throughout the 1990s, Walmart’s growth soared globally as they continued to facilitate a cost cutting strategy. America’s recent recession encouraged many low-income families to shop for Walmart’s low priced products. Walmart’s low prices may attract budgeting Americans, but their questionable operations are steering many others away. Walmart’s public perception is declining because of their negative organizational culture. Walmart’s employee wages are consistently below the American average, resulting in workers resorting to government aid. Discrimination lawsuits occur annually because of management’s stereotyping and poor leadership. Even Walmart’s ignorance to safe working conditions in other countries is beginning to surface in America’s media. Walmart’s leaders have attempted to address these issues, but ultimately failed to create a climate for change. Walmart’s future leadership must overcome...
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...RH LAW [ REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10354 ] AN ACT PROVIDING FOR A NATIONAL POLICY ON RESPONSIBLE PARENTHOOD AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: SECTION 1. Title. – This Act shall be known as “The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012″. SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy. – The State recognizes and guarantees the human rights of all persons including their right to equality and nondiscrimination of these rights, the right to sustainable human development, the right to health which includes reproductive health, the right to education and information, and the right to choose and make decisions for themselves in accordance with their religious convictions, ethics, cultural beliefs, and the demands of responsible parenthood. Pursuant to the declaration of State policies under Section 12, Article II of the 1987 Philippine Constitution, it is the duty of the State to protect and strengthen the family as a basic autonomous social institution and equally protect the life of the mother and the life of the unborn from conception. The State shall protect and promote the right to health of women especially mothers in particular and of the people in general and instill health consciousness among them. The family is the natural and fundamental unit of society. The State shall likewise protect and advance the right of families in particular and the people in general to a balanced and healthful...
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...Graduate School of Business Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila A Study on the Attitudes of the Female Residents of Pureza, Manila towards the Reproductive Health Law In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Research Methods and Case Writing Submitted to Dr. Dolores Garcia Submitted by Arien Marie A. Guda I. Introduction Population control or population management has been one of the rallying cries of Filipino economists since Pres. Ferdinand Marcos signed the United Nations Declaration on Population in 1967. With an estimated population of 92,337,852 in 2010 according to the National Statistics Office (National Statistics Office [Philippines]), and a land area of 300,000 sq. m., lawmakers and civic groups have been clamoring for a solution to address the constant growth rate vis a vis the dwindling natural resources in the country. While the population growth rate continues to hold steady(estimated to be at 2.36% per annum in 2008) (National Statistics Office [Philippines] and ICF Macro), the country’s resources, has suffered the same fate as that of the rest of the Asia Pacific region, which, the Asian Development Bank, in collaboration with the WWF, says is, “consuming more resources than its ecosystems can sustain, threatening the future of the region’s beleaguered forests, rivers, and oceans as well as the livelihoods of those who depend on them.” In an effort to help address this issue, stakeholders have sought to offer various methods...
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...Chapter I THE PROBLEM Introduction “Arming the youth with information,” one of the goals of the Reproductive Health Bill. In line with one of the two targets of Goal 5 - Improving Maternal Health - of the eight Millennium Development Goals which is achieving universal access to reproductive health by 2015. To achieve its goals, the bill provides for mandatory reproductive health education and that it be taught in "an age-appropriate manner... by adequately trained teachers starting from Grade 5 up to Fourth Year High School." As Iloilo Representative Janette Garin, author of the Reproductive Health Care Act says, “It’s very difficult to live in a society where we will be hypocritical and pretend that nothing is happening. But as early as grade 4 and 3, children, especially those in public schools, already have girlfriends and boyfriends.” Defined by United Nations (UN) on ICPD 1994, 'Reproductive health' is “a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and...not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in all matters relating to the reproductive system and its functions and processes.” Considering the fact that we are a Christian nation, some people and religious groups find this topic very sensitive to be discussed among youngsters. In this regard, Filipino mothers have the “you-will-learn-when-you-are-old-enough” attitude. As with this, the researchers have come up to a study that would determine the knowledge regarding reproductive health of the high...
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...CH5. Natural Resource Utilization & Pollution of the Environment * Resource depletion: the consumption of finite or scarce resources. * Pollution: undesirable contamination of the environment by the manufacture or use of commodities. * Conservation: the saving or rationing of resources for future use. * Private costs: costs of production borne by the producer. * External costs: costs of production not borne by the producer. * Social cost of production: = private costs + external costs * Internalization: make producers bear the total social cost of production. * Ecological system: an interrelated and interdependent set of organisms and environments * Ecological ethics: ecosystems as having inherent rights or interests and we have direct duties to them. * Ecofeminism: socio-ethical theory which combines ecological ethics with a critique of paternalistic patterns of domination (top down hierarchical authority structures) in our political and economic institutions as contributing to environmental exploitation. * Unlimited resource view: view encapsulating the attitude of bygone times which regarded the earth’s carrying capacity as unlimited, and air and water as "free goods." * Sustainable growth: a level of economic and population growth which enables each generation to hand down a world no worse than it inherited to succeeding generations, which avoids the Doomsday scenario. * Doomsday scenario:...
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...˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝˝ 2013 Yearbook of Jehovah’s Witnesses CONTENTS 2013 Yeartext A Letter From the Governing Body Highlights of the Past Year Preaching and Teaching Earth Wide Myanmar One Hundred Years Ago—1913 Grand Totals 2 4 9 ...
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...Course Study Notes: hsctutoringnotes@outlook.com MODERN HISTORY Topics World War One Germany Albert Speer The Cold War 1 Course Study Notes: hsctutoringnotes@outlook.com World War One Themes War on the Western Front Home Fronts in Britain and Germany Turning Points of the War The Allied Victory 2 Course Study Notes: hsctutoringnotes@outlook.com War on the Western Front Reasons for the development of the Stalemate A stalemate is an end of a war movement. It refers to the deadlock resulting from high levels of defence. The stalemate developed from four major reasons: i. The Faults of the Schlieffen Plan ii. The Faults of Plan XVII iii. Problems with Communications and Tactics iv. Problems with the High Command • The Faults in • There was an incredible reliance on speed – quick defeat of the France and a slow response by Russia Schlieffen • Unexpectedly strong resistance by Belgian forces – sabotaged Plan railway lines • Strong resistance from French • Troops were diverted from the West to the Eastern front • The “hammer swing” was shortened, so they approached Paris from the East which was expected • The Treaty of London was disregarded as a scrap of paper • Germans weren’t adequately trained for modern warfare strategies • The Faults in • French underestimated number of soldiers available to Plan XVII Germany • French were preoccupied with revenge for Alsace-Lorraine • Insufficient forces were given to the French...
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...Chapter 13 Breaking Up is Hard to Do: Nations, States, and Nation-States A. Logistics Students’ Time Requirements Activity 1: The Rise of Nationalism and the Fall of Yugoslavia Readings 60-90 minutes Fill in the blanks 75-90 minutes Activity 2: Iraqaphobia Readings 60-90 minutes Fill in the blanks 75-90 minutes The fill-in-the-blanks activity works very well as an in-class group project. It helps for students to be able to discuss the questions and readings with other students. If so, it is absolutely essential that students read the assigned articles in advance of the discussion. They will need to consult the readings to find pertinent passages, but if they are reading it for the first time during group work, they will either not finish or not contribute. I remind my students of this fact several times in the days leading up to the project. If students don’t finish during class, they can finish at home. If done in groups in class, you may wish to suggest that a different student act as recorder for each block of questions. Also, assign a different student to be the discussion leader/gatekeeper to keep the discussion on track and prevent any single individual from dominating the discussion. A third student could function as timekeeper. See Chapter 11 and 14 role-playing activities for further discussion of these tasks. Remind students that Balkan and Middle East politics are always changing and can get...
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...USN/USMC Commander’s Quick Reference Handbook for Legal Issues 2008 i Report Documentation Page Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports, 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE 3. DATES COVERED 2. REPORT TYPE 2008 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 00-00-2008 to 00-00-2008 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER USN/USMC Commander’s Quick Reference Handbook for Legal Issues 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Naval Justice School ,Newport ,RI 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S)...
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...Critique of Nonviolent Politics From Mahatma Gandhi to the Anti-Nuclear Movement by Howard Ryan (howard@netwood.net) Preface 2 Part I 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Problems of Nonviolent Theory Nonviolent Philosophy 6 Moral View: Violence Itself Is Wrong 9 Practical View: Violence Begets Violence 13 Nonviolent Theory of Power 21 Voluntary Suffering 24 Common Nonviolent Arguments 34 A Class Perspective 49 Part II 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Gandhi: A Critical History Father of Nonviolence 56 Satyagraha in South Africa 59 Textile Strike 66 Noncooperation Movement 1919-22 70 Religious Conflicts 80 Salt Satyagraha 87 Congress Ministries 97 The War Years 101 Independence and Bloodshed 111 Part III 17 18 19 20 Nonviolence in the Anti-Nuclear Movement Nonviolent Direct Action 120 Consensus Decision Making 123 Open, Friendly, and Respectful 136 Civil Disobedience 142 Epilogue 151 Notes 154 ©2002 by Howard Ryan. All rights reserved. Readers have my permission to use and distribute for non-profit and educational purposes. Critique of Nonviolent Politics 2 Preface (2002) Critique of Nonviolent Politics may be the only comprehensive critique of nonviolent theory that has been written. I wrote it between 1980 and 1984, while living in Berkeley, California. Since 1977, I had been active in the movement against nuclear power and weapons which, in California, focused its protests at the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Plant near San Luis Obispo, and at the University of California's Lawrence Livermore Labs where...
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