...As a side note, there is ongoing debate if the agreements for the Railway Labor Act expire. Railroad contracts have been drafted and treated as continuous documents, without expiration dates. When parties reached an agreement, they would further agree not to reopen the agreement, or certain provisions in that agreement, for a defined period of time. These provisions are a “moratorium” clause. Airline labor contracts historically follow the pattern under the National Labor Relations Act of having duration clause providing that an agreement shall expire or become amendable at a certain date. With the RLA, it is unclear under specific case law whether the contact will remain in effect beyond the stated expiration date, or whether the parties are...
Words: 407 - Pages: 2
...Demand 1. On 21 November 2009, the Thai Government approved £3.5 billion for railway infrastructure development (2010-2015). 2. In addition to the main railway network development, projects are on-going to expand existing mass rapid transit lines and to build new lines for Bangkok. 3. Over the next 20 years, Thailand also plans to invest £14.5 billion in high speed trains. New projects • Red Line (Bangsue-Rangsit) - The project is an overhead-electrified commuter train with a total length of 26.3 km of which 7.1 km are at grade and 19.2 km are elevated and 8 stations. • Airport Rail Link Expansion – The project is to extend the route from Phyathai Station to Don Mueng Airport to link with Suvarnabhumi Airport and to expand from Suvarnabhumi Airport to Pattaya City. • Purple Line (Tao Poon-Ratburana) - This project is an extension of the Purple Line between Bangsue and Bangyai (under construction). It comprises approximately 20 km of 13.2 km underground and 6.8 km elevated metro rail, 11 underground stations and 5 elevated stations. • Green Line Extensions (Baring-Samutprakarn, Mo Chit-Sapan Mai) - This extension to the existing Green Line (Sukhumvit Line) comprising approximately 25 km of elevated structure, 21 stations, depot and park & ride. • Blue Line Extension - This extension to the existing underground system comprise 22 km elevated and 5 km underground metro system with 17 stations, including 4 underground stations. • Orange Line -This is a new line...
Words: 796 - Pages: 4
...FACTORS: Cultural context of the region (education, level of studies) and income levels and purchasing power for cultural products (see page 87) which are quite different from others Guggenheim Museums’ situations like Venice or NY (even though better than the other areas of the country). Consider also: art preferences and response to permanent and temporary exhibition. We must consider than the average expense for culture par family is not extremely high (6% of total expenses). MEMEBERSHIP PLAN B: Focus on Bizkaia region and Bilbao, rich cultural proposition. Offering events and special privileges indifferently by night at weekends (young, urban and “hip” audience). Relatively high membership fee for free entrance and exclusive events. PROS: * In Guggenheim museum SoHo survey private viewings of exhibitions, vernissages, and special arranged views of private collections were considered to be a source of attraction, as well as Lectures, films, concerts, cocktails and exclusive events… * Through events like this, the museum can become a cultural hub * This kind of...
Words: 1175 - Pages: 5
...assignment of work related tasks in regards to unorganized employees or unions (Budd, 2013). There are unprotected strikes that are not covered by the NLRA. Those groups include airline, railway, government employees, Federal Reserve Bank employees, and political/state. All employee strikes should be treated equally. This will prevent biases in the organizations. Strike Replacements Strike replacement refers to replacing the worker who is on strike (Budd, 2013). Strike replacement is an issue because it commences the hiring of permanent replacement workers pertaining to a strike. Bans on strike replacement assures elimination of the risk pertaining to the conflicting parties. This negates the workers right to strike...
Words: 453 - Pages: 2
...Indian economy up to 1947: * Low use of technology * Dependent on imports * Exporter or raw materials, mainly to England * Completely destroyed traditional industries * Nascent stages of development of a small group of capitalists Debate on type of economic system to be adopted: * Capitalist v/s socialist * Bombay plan of 1944 * USA v/s USSR * Prevailing socio economic conditions Beginning of FYPs * Borrowed the concept from USSR * Tweaked it according to prevailing situations * Nehru Mahalanobis model * Emphasis on self reliance, PSUs, and vibrant SMEs * Trickledown effect and strong basic industries * Criticism Some important events: * 1948- Pakistan war * 1962- China war * 1965- Pakistan war * 1971- Liberation of Bangladesh * 1970s- oil and energy crises * 1975- Emergency * 1991- BOP crisis From 1947-1979: * First FYP 1951-1956- emphasis on Agriculture * Second FYP 1956-1961- emphasis on industry * Third FYP 1961- 1966 – balance between both * Three yearly plans from 1966-1969 * Nationalization of banks 1969 * Up to now most of the banks except SBI were owned by private individuals * 14 banks were nationalized. They had about 85 percent of the total deposits * Fourth FYP 1969-1974- emphasis on social justice * Whatever liberal measures initiated since independence were reversed * Recall the events discussed earlier *...
Words: 988 - Pages: 4
...run by one person only. Even though he can employ people, he is still the sole proprietor of the business. These businesses are so common since there are so little legal requirements to set up: • The owner must register with and send annual accounts to the government Tax Office. • They must register their business names with the Registrar of Business Names. • They must obey all basic laws for trading and commerce. • There are advantages and disadvantages to everything, and here are ones for sold traders: Pros: • There are so few legal formalities are required to operate the business. • The owner is his own boss, and has total control over the business. • The owner gets 100% of profits. • Motivation because he gets all the profits. • The owner has freedom to change working hours or whom to employ, etc. • He has personal contact with customers. • He does not have to share information with anyone but the tax office, thus he enjoys complete secrecy. Cons: • Nobody to discuss problems with. • Unlimited liability. •...
Words: 1961 - Pages: 8
...the economy was based on things such as fishing, agriculture, and ship building. Both East and West Canada had their own railways, but neither of these had joined up with the other colonies. Since the St. Lawrence river froze yearly during the winter, this then caused transportation by water to stop. It was around this time the newer ways of manufacturing and the railways were now starting to make their debut. In...
Words: 611 - Pages: 3
...What are the estimated economic benefits of the high speed two (HS2) railway and what will the impact be on the economy in the long run. Table of contents Introduction 1 Research background 1 Research aim 1 Research objectives 2 Research questions 2 Issues 2 Literature Review Revenue 3 Employment 4 Research Design Methodology 5 Sampling and Data collection 5 Justification ...
Words: 2239 - Pages: 9
...purpose being to equalize the education and economic gap between minorities and whites. Although it is not a perfect method to achieving equality in this country, it is essential to accept it for why it’s been put into place and that it is all part of a process. Of course affirmative action is far from perfect and has a fair deal of problems, like promoting reverse discrimination while backing up negative stereotypes. I researched all of these aspects while pondering the question “is affirmative action still needed in today’s society?” In this paper I will be explaining what affirmative action is.The history behind affirmative action like how it all unfolded, who made it, and the history as to why it is in effect now. I will also list some pros and cons of affirmative action, how the United States could better affirmative action for the future and finally a conclusion, which is my opinion on the topic. But what exactly is affirmative action? Born of the civil rights movement three decades ago, affirmative action calls for minorities and women to be given special consideration in employment and education acceptance decisions. Universities with affirmative action policies generally set goals to increase diversity. Affirmative action decisions are generally not supposed to be based on quotas, nor are they supposed to give any preference to unqualified candidates. And by no means is affirmative action supposed to harm anyone through "reverse discrimination." The purpose was to create...
Words: 2008 - Pages: 9
...Environmental & Root Cause Analysis 5 Slowing Growth in NAFTA Trade 5 Continuation of NAFTA Strategy versus Expansion into Latin America 5 Taking Advantage of Economic Growth in Asia and Emerging Markets 5 Expanding Overseas 6 Alternatives and/or Options 6 Slowing Growth in NAFTA Trade 6 Continuation of NAFTA Strategy versus Expansion into Latin America 6 Taking Advantage of Economic Growth in Asia and Emerging Markets 7 Expanding Overseas 7 Recommendations and Implementation 7 Slowing Growth in NAFTA Trade 7 Continuation of NAFTA Strategy versus Expansion into Latin America 7 Taking Advantage of Economic Growth in Asia and Emerging Markets 8 Expanding Overseas 8 Monitor and Control 8 Executive Summary Since Canadian National Railway Company (CN)’s privatization by the Canadian government in November 1995, CN has not stopped growing its sales, profits, cash flow and, as a result, market value. Privatization and deregulation of the rail industry led to some of CN’s success, but CN had to cut costs and increase revenues. Cutting costs meant reducing workforce and closing or selling unprofitable tracks. It also meant investing in more efficient rail equipment and technology. Increasing revenues required focusing on customers’ needs and expectations. It also required attracting customers whose business was growing more rapidly. CN’s strategic plan was based on the following three thrusts: productivity, customer focus and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). ...
Words: 1676 - Pages: 7
...Options and Stakeholder Interests for Tracking Freight Railcars in Indian Railways Case Analysis Memorial University of Newfoundland and Labrador Submitted by: Vanessa Roche Submitted to: Paul Sherren Date: July 29th, 2015 Teaching Case Shirish C Srivastava, Sharat S Mathur, Thompson SH Teo (2009). Journal of Information Technology. Competing technology options and stakeholder interests for tracking freight railcars in Indian Railways. Abstract This case analysis, Competing technology options and stakeholder interests for tracking freight railcars in Indian Railways will focus on alternative analysis on multiple types of technological options for undertaking a pilot project based on time-tested automatic equipment identification systems. Each alternative has its own cost benefit and impact analysis, and stakeholders of the overall project have to be taken into account (external and internal stakeholders). Each alternative to implementing this project for automatic equipment identification systems will have to undergo an environmental impact assessment and will require an environmental impact statement according to government guidelines and standards. Overall, this case analysis will conclude a technology forecast and recommendations to which alternative should be implemented dependent on factors discussed in this case analysis. Case Analysis Ranbir Singh, head of the Centre for Railway Information Systems is looking to implement a pilot project based on...
Words: 2071 - Pages: 9
...Regulation of Below Rail Infrastructure Assets in Queensland: What can we learn from the Canadian experience? Stephen Mclay s2840946 Supervised by Alex Robson and David Rynne Contents Introduction p 3 Defining the economic principles of natural monopoly infrastructure assets and the benefits/costs of privatisation p 3 The pros and cons of direct regulation p 5 Where commercial negotiation has been successful and the difference between commercial negotiation with government owned corporation monopolies and private monopolies p 7 Current QLD situation and the risks imposed by natural monopoly specific to the context p 10 CN Rail privatization as a point of empirical evidence p 13 Considerations p 15 Conclusions p 16 Reference List p 19 Bibliography p 20 Appendices p 21 Introduction In 2012, the Queensland Government privatised bulk freighting services and coal business in Queensland and New South Wales as well as the regional freight business in Queensland, bulk mineral haulage in Queensland and Western Australia and the containerised freight between Cairns, Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. The privatisation...
Words: 7299 - Pages: 30
...MARKET STRUCTURE IN BANGLADESH QUESTION Question 3 (44 marks) Please note that this question requires substantial research Part A – (8 marks) Explain monopoly and monopolistic competition market structures, and identify the key factors that distinguish them Part B – (18 marks) Choose two different industries from your home country representing monopoly and monopolistic competition market structures. Identify their key characteristics in relation to the factors used to differentiate between the market structures. Using the real 5/5 data from your case studies analyse how well each case study fits with the different market structures. Part C – (6 marks) For the monopoly firm in your case study, identify the potential market power that it has and the types of controls (if any) that are in place to limit this. Part D – (6 marks) For the monopoly firm in your case study, identify if there are other benefits generated by the monopoly that would be difficult to gain from a monopolistic competition market structure. Part E – (6 marks) For the monopolistic competition industry, identify the extent to which firms are able to differentiate their products, and whether this allows them to gain some price advantages. SOLUTION Monopoly and monopolistic competition market structures Monopoly Market Structure The monopoly is understood to be the market structure associated with single seller of a product which has huge demand either as a result of necessity or because...
Words: 2478 - Pages: 10
...International Business Management Group Assignment (1) Submitted by Group (6) 9/19/2011 International Business Management, Group Assignment (1) September 19, 2011 1. What do you think motivated Disney to set up parks abroad, and what might be the pros and cons from the standpoint of the Walt Disney Company? Disney is motivated to set up parks throughout the world to expand its sales of merchandise goods as well as attendance to their theme parks. The management realized how successful they were in the US and that their resorts attracted a lot of foreign travelers. Realizing this allowed them to consider tapping into the global market, which would mean more profits and a more global company. In addition, with the expansion of the parks, Disney can play a role in spreading advertisements of their movies and the ideology that Disney is a Place of Dream and happiness. Disney is motivated to also acquire more resources by their expansion, for example, Disney wants to create a park in Shanghai so that it can facilitate in probably creating a Disney channel for the Chinese people. Lastly, Disney wants to minimize the risk of their parks in America in case they do poorly they can gain their profits in Asia or Europe. Pros from the standpoint of the Walt Disney Company can be shown the following. • Great reputation and worldwide brand recognition; lots of pride in making magic happen for guests and consumers. • • The culture is extremely collaborative and exchange...
Words: 1157 - Pages: 5
...GLOBAL BUSINESS OPERATIONS Chinese investments in Africa Why have Chinese companies found the emerging markets of Africa less risky and a more attractive proposition than western multinationals? Mohammed Hayath Nisar Ahmed MIB 35 – Group B Grenoble Graduate School of Business P a g e | 1 The distinct existence of Chinese multina‐ tional corporations on the global stage is al‐ tering the landscape of international busi‐ ness and politics. Western organizations, once with virtually undisputed command over the financial resources and requisite political ties to dominate global business, are now being challenged by a host of emerging country corporations with China being at the lead. Extremely competitive and strongly backed by the state, Chinese multinational corporations are on an acqui‐ sition spree that is bagging key resources and market share across the developing world. In many respects it is Africa, a conti‐ nent rich in natural resources and under‐ex‐ ploited markets that has only limited histor‐ ical ties to China, which is serving as an at‐ testing ground for the new Chinese multina‐ tional corporation. China’s investments in Africa have become ever more diversified in recent years. While oil and mining remain an important focus, Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) has flooded into everything from shoe manufac‐ turing to food processing. Chinese firms have also made major investments in Afri‐ can infrastructure, targeting key sectors ...
Words: 2222 - Pages: 9
