...The history of alcohol can be aligned synonymously with the history and control over women excluding them from the public sphere. Starting with Ancient Greek and Roman times, and then moving to the Middle Ages and the two world wars, I examine how different countries attempted to remove women from spaces where men drank and socialized, to the ways they were removed from the production of alcohol with the rise of mass production after industrialization. It is through this examination that I enable a better understanding of larger history of alcohol, and how its production and sociality can be linked to the historical oppression of women. Ancient Greek and Roman cultures had some of the first recorded accounts of alcohol being used in a social...
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...How were the Greeks similar and different to the Hellenistic empire? The Greeks and the Hellenistic empire were similar in dependence on slave labor, where in Hellenic era, “ virtually every household had a few” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013), and “every household had one or two domestic slaves, and most manufacturing and other labor was done by slaves” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013), which in both eras, “it was customary to enslave losers in battle” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013). On the other side, the differences could be found in the status of women living in either era. As the textbook suggests in the Greece chapter: “While respectable women stayed carefully indoors, some women – slaves or foreigners – who had no economic resources or family ties became prostitutes and courtesans who shared men’s public lives at dinners and drinking parties” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013). The Hellenistic World chapter, “It suggests that women worked and earned money instead of staying carefully guarded within the home. It also shows a loosening of the tight family ties that had marked the Greek poleis and the ancient Middle East civilizations” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013). Athens supposedly experienced “a developing democratic form of government… that allowed them to run and control the growing city” (Sherman & Salisbury, 2013), while during Hellenistic era, ”Society, economy, and politics all played out on a larger scale, and kings, rather than citizens, now ruled… It indicates people’s view of...
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...With his knowledge and education Wilde would quickly win prizes and become a firs-rate scholar. Oscar attened several colleges where he won scholarships and a prize for his greek verse and the Berklet Gold Medal for greek. From the years 1874-1878 he would attend Oxford and become an advocte of the "Art for Arts Sake". Wilde would soon change his views and life choices once he enrolled into the classes of Professor John Ruskin, Professor Walter Pater, and Professor Mahaffy after recieveing their teachings wilde would join the views of the avant-garde philosophy and began dressing in extravagant clothing, become influenced by Keats and believe that art hsould be loved and appreciated instead of one being judged by their art. After graduating from Oxford wilde won the Newdigate prize for his poem "Ravenna". Although his early writtings were not sucssful Wilde created a name for himself and soon became a celebrity from his traveling lectures.Living in London wilde was able to start over and create a personna for himself, by dressing in...
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...ambition and the magnitude of his art work is what make him out to be the greatest of his time. Picasso created more than 20,000 art works. He became famous in his own life time he is known for becoming the first artist to successfully utilize mass media to gain popularity. He also introduced the notable case of Cubism, created, almost all the art movements during the twentieth century. What is interesting is that the viewers are able to grasp what Picasso see through his paintings. In Picasso’s paintings he visibly expresses his emotions and shared his personal feelings the way he saw things. His work displays an unlimited and vast nous of vitality and penchant for variation and innovation. Picasso once said that, “Painting is just another way of keeping a diary”. I feel as if his work was his diary he used art to capture specific moments of his life. Picasso was born on October 25, 1881, in Malaga, Spain Pablo Picasso, also known as Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, was extraordinary in the world of art. Picasso's father taught as an art teacher during this time his dad quickly took noticed that his son was a genius, therefore he caught young Picasso everything he knew. At the young age of 14, Picasso took an entrance exam to the Barcelona School of Fine Arts and passed. During 1900 and 1902, Picasso traveled to Paris quite a few times until he decided to move there in 1904. Shortly after moving to Paris, which is considered to be “the capital of the arts", he met fiends Joan Miro, George...
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...to do with fish cakes? Part of James N. Davidson's answer is that the ancient Greeks understood the temptations of pleasure somewhat differently from us. We think of some desires as being addictive -- those for alcohol, cigarettes or cocaine, for example -- and often we see addictive desires as bringing misery rather than pleasure. Meanwhile, most pleasures, Davidson suggests, do not seem to us compulsive at all; controlling a desire for bacon sandwiches or beach holidays is not like controlling a weakness for the bottle. The Greeks, on the other hand, while not conceiving addiction as a special category of desire, considered a fierce struggle against desire to be a normal state of affairs. In contrast with the clear dos and don'ts of the Judeo-Christian tradition, Greek ethics were more a matter of degree. The Greek motto was meden agan, ''nothing in excess''; the goal was not to conquer desire but to manage it. Pleasures lay all around; eels and tuna, wine and women -- all were part of a spectrum of delights potent enough to bring disaster if not governed by self-control. Without quite saying so, Davidson seems to hint that he finds this a happier, healthier idea of the appetites, with a lustier sense of pleasure's power....
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...middle class, and spoke four languages, Dutch, German, English, and French, while also studying Greek and Latin, but refused to accept the use of those languages. In 1885, he drew what he considered to be his first major work, The Potato Eaters. After that he continued to use depressive earth tones. From doing all these paintings with these colors, is what may have led to his self-inflicted gunshot wound. Van Gogh suffered from frequent depression and...
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...Chapter 1 The Christmas dinner dispute introduces the political landscape of late nineteenth-century Ireland into the novel. This is the first Christmas meal at which Stephen is allowed to sit at the grown-up table, a milestone in his path toward adulthood. The dispute that unfolds among Dante, Mr. Dedalus, and Mr. Casey makes Stephen quickly realize, however, that adulthood is fraught with conflicts, doubts, and anger. This discussion engenders no harmonious Christmas feeling of family togetherness. Rather, the growing boy learns that politics is often such a charged subject that it can cause huge rifts even within a single home. Dante's tumultuous departure from the dinner table is the first in a pattern of incidents in which characters declare independence and break away from a group for political and ideological reasons. Indeed, the political landscape of Ireland is deeply divided when the action of the novel occurs. Secularists like Mr. Dedalus and Mr. Casey feel that religion is keeping Ireland from progress and independence, while the orthodox, like Dante, feel that religion should take precedence in Irish culture. The secularists consider Parnell the savior of Ireland, but Parnell's shame at being caught in an extramarital affair tarnishes his political luster and earns him the church's condemnation. This condemnation on the part of the church mirrors Stephen's shame over expressing a desire to marry Eileen Vance, who is Protestant. On the whole, however, Stephen's reaction...
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...Mimi Zycherman James DeRogatis Review of the Arts: Honors 12/9/13 The Obstacles of Life A Greek, a fighter, and a poet walk into a bar. The Greek says, “I’ll think I’ll have a craft-made IPA, but only if it’s from Greece.” The fighter says, “I’ll have a warm PBR in a can.” The poet says, “I’ll have whatever hops is on tap, but put it in a broken wine glass.” So many stipulations just to get a beer! Why struggle when all you need to do is order a cold one? Man vs. Self has its roots in Greek mythology, and has been a common theme in modern-day media. Man’s inner struggle is as common today as it was in the past. In the Greek epic, “The Odyssey” by Homer, the movie “Rocky” starring and written by Sylvester Stallone, and “Just Kids” by Patti Smith, each main character pursues an improbable goal with pitfalls along the way. However, he or she who overcomes so many obstacles becomes the person they want to be. “The Odyssey,” tells the story of the Greek hero Odysseus and his 20-year journey home after the fall of Troy. The epic poem begins with Odysseus trapped on the island of Ogygia by the nymph Calypso. After escaping he attempts his journey home, telling people along the way of his adventures. After ten years of fighting in the Trojan War, it takes him another ten years to get home to his kingdom of Ithaca. Since it takes Odysseus so long to get home, his family believes he is dead. This ancient narrative poem and its theme, Man vs. Self, is one of the oldest known written...
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...uncommon for a young woman’s freedom to be restricted during their reproductive years. Or even to be married off to a family member. Doing so ensured that the financial resources were kept within the family. That leaves a very dark image of life for a woman in Athens. However this was not the way it was for all women. There were the Mistress of upper class. They were trained in the general arts. Thus allowing them to participate in debates and other acts that most women were cut off from. However life was not all peaches and cream for the mistress. They paid for their freedom. They gave up all possibility of having kids as well as of ever having a normal home life. Some believe that the Hetaera as they were called were borderline prostitutes. There was a big difference between the poor and wealthy families. Women from poor families, while not able to take part of normal society. They could go to work the fields they could go to work in the market... They could be on an equal level with poor men. Women of the upper and middle class had a very different situation. The empty life of the Greek woman of the upper or middle class, deprived of interest or gratifications, was not even repaid by the knowledge that her relationship with her husband was exclusive....
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...1. Introduction: Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece and are part of religion in modern Greece and around the world as Hellenisms. Greek mythology is known and learned everywhere around the world. A lot of people refer to everything that is happening in the world such as fire, light, water to the Greek mythology. The Greek mythology not only includes myths, but it also includes a lot of details of the lives and adventures of a wide variety of gods, goddesses, heroes, heroines, demigods, monsters and other mythological creatures. Greek mythology has exerted an extensive influence on the culture, the arts, and the literature of more than one civilization. Poets and artists from ancient times to the present have derived inspiration from Greek mythology and have discovered contemporary significance and relevance in these mythological themes. Also, beside gods and myths there are the two world-known epic poems The Iliad and Odyssey, that focus on events surrounding the Trojan War. Before entering upon the many strange beliefs of the ancient Greeks and the extraordinary number of gods they worshipped, first I would like to show what kind of beings these divinities were. Then I will tell the stories of some of the most famous gods that have left a mark...
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...although the poets each dissect and interpret our inevitable encounter in variation they all would agree in its mystery and finality. Death is a prevalent theme in the poetry of W.B. Yeats, T. S. Eliot and Dylan Thomas’s poetry. Each of them has examined death from varied angles. One’s perception doesn’t resemble with others. Eliot views death as a process to reach God. Moreover, he expresses his torment to observe the spiritual death of the modern people. On the other hand, Yeats exalts death in his poetry. In many of his poems, he recollects the memories of the heroes who laid down their life for the independence of Ireland. Besides, he cherished the notion that death will immortalize him. Yeats had a personal theory on art that art is...
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...a Tasnima Bhuiyan Ancient History HSC notes Core study; Cities of Vesuvius- Pompeii & Herculaneum 1. Geographical context Physical environment: geographical setting, natural features and resources of Pompeii and Herculaneum Geographical setting Pompeii and Herculaneum were located in Campania, southwest Italy near Bay of Naples. Herculaneum was a waterfront town situated on the coast of Bay of Naples 7km west of Mt Vesuvius, while Pompeii was slightly inland on the Sarno river, 9km southeast of Mt Vesuvius. Both towns were linked to Rome through sea and land routes. Natural features Campania was a fertile plain with two main rivers. Nearby there was a 15km wide series of craters, where pools were filled with boiling mud and vents, from which sulphur and steam could escape. The towns were popular because of their rich volcanic soil, coastal area for fishing and trading area. Resources of Campania The production of olive oil was used for cooking, and as the basic ingredient for perfume. Wine, wool and textile productions took place, along with the fishing industries including the production of fish sauce. There were fruits such as peaches, apricots, lemons & vegetables like cabbages and onions, and volcanic material was used for building and paving roads. Plans and streetscapes of Pompeii and Herculaneum ▪ streets of Pompeii vary greatly in width from 2.4m to roughly 7m ▪ streets & roads divide towns into neat rectangular...
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...determine obscene material and laying the guidelines for distribution and regulation of such material has constantly raised questions in legal areas. Establishing how to define when a text is protected under the law poses a persistent struggle in legal definitions; to understand this issue, it is necessary to review the evolution of sexual explicit content throughout history, should a single jury, in a constantly changing society, determine the value of a work? In ancient times, sexual explicit content in drama, poetry, art and sculpture were not regulated by the state, as sex was a natural part of life, art graphically depicted intercourse, anal intercourse, prostitution and same-sex sex. Sumerian literature openly portrayed human love to be intimately connected to sexual pleasure (Black, Cunningham, Robson and Zolyom 188-190). Greek artists depicted explicit scenes of intercourse, anal intercourse, masturbation and fellatio on vases and terracotta and Greek drama was often demonstrative, Greece and Rome punished blasphemous and heretical expression, but not obscenity. Aeschylus, Sophocles and Euripides all dealt with...
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...In 323 BC durIng the Hellenistic period, two major city-states, that were only 150 miles apart, had very different ideas of government (“Life in Two City” 260). The Greek cities, Athens and Sparta both treated women exceedingly different. Most of the other city-states were more similar to Athens. There was about 2-3 that were like Sparta, but, these other city-states had a bigger population than Sparta (Fleck & Hanssen 2007). They may have done this because of where they live, but not only that they had different views on subjects and opinions on how to run their region. Athens was located near the Aegean Sea, which led them to greatly appreciate the opportunity to travel. They could now learn and educate others about art, literature, and architect which they were grateful for since they were very important things to them. In addition to trading ideas, Athens also got very influential with many other city-states by trading goods with them that created strong and positive relations with them....
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...Portrait of the Artist as a Young Mandraws on many details from Joyce's early life. The novel's protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, is in many ways Joyce's fictional double—Joyce had even published stories under the pseudonym "Stephen Daedalus" before writing the novel. Like Joyce himself, Stephen is the son of an impoverished father and a highly devout Catholic mother. Also like Joyce, he attends Clongowes Wood, Belvedere, and University Colleges, struggling with questions of faith and nationality before leaving Ireland to make his own way as an artist. Many of the scenes in the novel are fictional, but some of its most powerful moments are autobiographical: both the Christmas dinner scene and Stephen's first sexual experience with the Dublin prostitute closely resemble actual events in Joyce's life. In addition to drawing heavily on Joyce's personal life, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man also makes a number of...
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