...Renzo Estacio P.3 The Synthesis of a Protein Purpose: In this investigation, you will learn how to “decode” the message in this piece of DNA (the gene) and to “translate” this message into the correct protein. The central dogma of molecular biology is an explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system. It was first stated by Francis Crick in 1956 and re-stated in a Nature paper published in 1970. Variables: Control setup: Original DNA strand. Independent variable: The base pairing. Dependent variable: vasopressen protein Hypothesis: NONE Materials: pen or pencil, paper and lab sheet Procedures: Part A: • Make a data table and copy the letters into a section labeled DNA. • Create three more sections and label mRNA, tRNA, and amino acids. • Write down the letters that corresponds to the original DNA. Part B: • Starting from AUG in the RNA section, cirlce AUG and from there on put slashes every three letters. • Using figures 2 and 3, write down the names in three letters, below the t-RNA column, that corresponds to the t-RNA anticodons. • The proteain that should be deciphered is vasopressin. FIGURE 1 “Original DNA Sequence” A C G T A C A C G A T G A A G G T T T T A A C G G G A G C T C C T A T T A C G Figure 2: Base pairing rules for DNA with m-RNA and m-RNA to t-RNA DNA base bonds with m-RNA base bonds with t-RNA anticodes ...
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...Students began the unit by defining and labeling cells. In Activity 1, students wrote a cell analogy describing the working parts of a cell. Scaffolding off of their prior knowledge of the cell and its cell parts, the students first analyzed an exemplar of a cell as a city and identified the parts from the analogy. In part two, the students had to write their own, using anything but a city. This activity is harder than just defining the parts of the cell because the students had to know the definition in order to make it fit in their analogy. I gave a few ideas of a school or a house, but many of the students would come up with their own. The next day, before we handed them in, I asked if anyone would like to share their analogy and then we would try and figure out a few of the...
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...Pre-Lab Questions 1. Nitrogen fixation is a natural process by which inert or unreactive forms of nitrogen are transformed into usable nitrogen. Why is this process important to life? The useable nitrogen created, is extremely important since it is used to form DNA, enzymes, and other biological processes. Nitrogen fixation is also important because when it is inert, it is useless for organisms. 2. Given when you have learned about the hydrogen bonding shared between nucleic acids in DNA, which pair is more stable under increasing heat: adenine and thymine, or cytosine and guanine? Explain why. Adenine and thymine are more stable because, the additional carbon bonds make their nucleotides more stable. 3. Which of the following is not an...
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...are looking for specific medical advice then you should obtain this information from a licensed health-care practitioner. This publication is intended for informational use only. Sean Nalewanyj and EliteImpact Labs Inc. will not assume any liability or be held responsible for any form of injury, personal loss or illness caused by the utilization of this information. The individual results obtained from the use of this program will vary from person to person and we make no guarantee as to the degree of results that you will personally achieve. This publication is fully copyrighted and does not come with giveaway or resale rights. You may not sell or redistribute this report. It is reserved solely for registered EliteImpactLabs.com members. Copyright and illegal distribution violations will be prosecuted. © www.EliteImpactLabs.com - All Rights Reserved ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ © 2012 - All Rights Reserved Page 2 www.EliteImpactLabs.com INTRODUCTION Thanks for downloading the EliteImpact Labs "28-Day Fast Mass Building Plan ". My name is Sean Nalewanyj and I’m a renowned bodybuilding trainer (just google me), best-selling fitness author, success coach and founder of EliteImpact Labs. If you can set aside just 10 short minutes of your time, I’m going to share with you some very powerful strategies that you can use right away to start packing on lean, shredded muscle as quickly and efficiently...
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...Lab Manual Introductory Biology (Version 1.4) © 2013 eScience Labs, LLC All rights reserved www.esciencelabs.com • 888.375.5487 2 Table of Contents: Introduc on: Lab 1: Lab 2: Lab 3: Lab 4: The Scien fic Method Wri ng a Lab Report Data Measurement Introduc on to the Microscope Biological Processes: Lab 5: Lab 6: Lab 7: Lab 8: Lab 9: The Chemistry of Life Diffusion Osmosis Respira on Enzymes The Cell: Lab 10: Lab 11: Lab 12: Lab 13: Lab 14: Lab 15: Cell Structure & Func on Mitosis Meiosis DNA & RNA Mendelian Gene cs Popula on Gene cs 3 4 Lab Safety Always follow the instruc ons in your laboratory manual and these general rules: eScience Labs, LLC. designs every kit with safety as our top priority. Nonetheless, these are science kits and contain items which must be handled with care. Safety in the laboratory always comes first! Lab Prepara on • • Please thoroughly read the lab exercise before star ng! If you have any doubt as to what you are supposed to be doing and how to do it safely, please STOP and then: Double-check the manual instruc ons. Check www.esciencelabs.com for updates and ps. Contact us for technical support by phone at 1-888-ESL-Kits (1-888-375-5487) or by email at Help@esciencelabs.com. • Read and understand all labels on chemicals. If you have any ques ons or concerns, refer to the Material Safely Data Sheets (MSDS) available at www.esciencelabs.com. The MSDS lists the dangers, storage requirements, exposure treatment...
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...1. Prepare two graphs of your class data for the Stretch and Washing Tests. Lab Group Members | Stretch Test 1 (cm) | Stretch Test 2 (cm) | Stretch Test Avg (cm) | Washing Test 1 | Washing Test 2 | Washing Test Avg | Gab, Jess, Osato | 26 | 16.5 | 21.25 | 71.79% | 58.12% | 64.96% | Emily, Mercedes | 23 | 19 | 21 | 27.65% | 31.12% | 29.39% | Cristo, Mikaela | 13 | 12.5 | 12.75 | 85.20% | 80.70% | 82.95% | Colin, Shein, Kylenn | 29 | 33 | 31 | 53.70% | 52.90% | 53.30% | Alex, Arthur | 19 | 17.5 | 18.25 | 32.00% | 53.00% | 42.50% | Mack, Chris | 44 | 38 | 41 | 63.00% | 70.00% | 66.50% | 2. Write a hypothesis about your lab’s gluten experiment then draw a conclusion about your hypothesis using your lab section’s data to support your answer Our group hypothesized that the two gluten tests that we would run would be very similar. We would have said identical except that we had to cut the dough in half without measuring which meant they could be slightly different. We found this to be true because our first test was 53.7% gluten and the second test was 52.9% gluten which is only a 0.8% difference between the two. 3. Discuss experimental error and the accuracy of the data from your lab section. For our experiment, we used all purpose flour. The first error that we found in the experiment is that every group used the same amount of water for their experiment, but different types of flour. Therefore some of the flour may have needed more or less flour than...
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...Hrm Simulation Final Report HRM Simulation Final Report Absenteeism Our goal for absenteeism was to decrease it from 498 to 120 by quarter 8 by maintaining high morale and offering health... Premium Industrial Placement Report In Heritage Hotel 4. Conclusion Personal reflection 9 5. References 10,11 Introduction Heritage Hotel Auckland opened in 1998 and 1999 belongs to the Dynasty... Premium Report : Introduction Report : Introduction Winnie Wibowo To report is not only to tell someone about something but also to inform something to someone who intends to know. We do the... Premium General Format Of Hrm/Hrs Ojt Narrative Report Font Size: 14 Submitted by: < Name of Student Trainee > Line Space: 5 Submitted to: < Name of OJT Adviser > Line Space: 5 < Date... Premium Essay On Report On Seagull Hotel Ltd. College Higher diploma in hotel management Professional housekeeping HMT 102H FALL2011 Instructor name: Mr. Pntelis Hadjiyerou Students name: karki Anwesh... Premium Consulting Report Of Solberri Hotel with limited knowledge of the hotel industry and relevant skills. Besides, all short-term employees only receive two days introduction training which is apparently... Premium Ojt Report 5 Duties of a Front Office Agent...8 Hotel Policies....9 Job Description .11 2. Personal notes of the student My Job assignment and experience...13 Values... Premium Ojt Narrative Essay For Hrm Student My Community Liceo de Cagayan mission and vision and Core values have a big...
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...Cell Lab Manual Goran Andonovski Table of Contents Introduction to Cell Culture:3 Equipment: 4-6 Sterile Technique: 7 Media for Your Cells: 8 Media Preparation: 9-10 Plating Your Cells: 11-12 Subculture: 13-14 Osmolarity:15 Viability: 16-17 Cell Staining: 18-21 Transfection: 22-25 Wound Heal Assay: 26-28 Cytoskeleton Staining: 29-31 Receptor- Mediated Endocytosis: 32-34 Cryopreservation: 35 Introduction to Cell Culture We culture tissues in order to test certain cells to observe their natural functions, and test new medication created for particular cells. The disadvantage to this is that only certain cells can be tested because a precise and constant environment is needed to maintain the cells. You will be using HeLa cells throughout...
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...BIOL 3380 Name:_____________________________________ Circle Session: T-PM W-AM W-PM R-AM R-PM F-AM F-PM Experiment 9 – Pre-lab Homework Enzyme Kinetics of LDH This pre-lab homework assignment is due at the beginning of your lab session. You are provided with the following portion of a protocol: • Determine concentration of enzyme stock solution, if unknown, by taking an A280 nm reading of a 1:100 dilution (in water). Use a total volume of 1 ml in the cuvette. • Dilute some of the enzyme stock with buffer A to make a 4 mg/ml solution. • Serially dilute the 4 mg/ml solution with buffer A to make working solutions of 400 µg/ml and 40 µg/ml. • Prepare 30 µl of each working solution for every sample The PI of the lab gives you a tube of enzyme and tells you the following before disappearing into the office to write more grant proposals: ➢ There is 50 µl of enzyme stock solution. The enzyme is expensive to purify, so follow the protocol exactly, using as little of the stock solution as possible. ➢ The concentration of the stock solution is currently not known, but a 1 mg/ml concentration of the pure enzyme has an A280 nm of 2.0. ➢ You’ll be performing the assay on 12 samples. ➢ Make enough of each working solution so that you have at least 400 ul to work with when you do the assay (to cover any waste and/or inefficiencies in pippetting). Using the spectrophotometer to read the absorbance at 280 nm, you get...
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...is a chemical, we can do reactions with it just like we can work with any other chemical. In this lab, we will use the chemical properties of DNA to extract it from the cells of onions. Experiment: Note: You should write all observations from this lab in the observation section on the third page of this lab. These observations will account for a large part of your grade, so be neat and complete! 1) Prepare a buffer solution by pouring the following into a clean 250 mL Erlenmeyer flask: - 120 mL of water (distilled water, if available) - 1.5 grams of sodium chloride (table salt) - 5.0 grams of baking soda (sodium hydrogen carbonate) - 5.0 mL of shampoo or liquid laundry detergent What buffer solutions are used for: This buffer solution is used in this lab for several reasons. First of all, the saltiness and acidity (pH) of the solution is very close to that in living things; as a result, the DNA will like to dissolve into this solution. Secondly, the detergent is added to help break down cell walls in the onion cells. Cell walls in living things are made of long polar molecules with a “greasy” end and a charged end. Because detergent is used to break apart greasy particles in your clothes, it will also work to tear apart the “greasy” molecules in cell walls. It will be important that these cell walls break down in this lab, because...
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...ttitude • Attend ALL lectures, tutorials and practicals on time without fail. • Be attentive in class and revise your notes after class while the topic is still fresh in your mind. Why waste time re-reading 2-3 months later? • Do your assignments faithfully as they carry marks for the finals. • Come prepared for lessons (i.e. read up beforehand). • Read up beforehand before attending lectures so that you won’t be lost and wasted hours of your life week after week. • Why stress yourself out if you can avoid it? Do NOT count on last minute revision for tests and examinations, as it will be too late to catch up and seek help in areas where you may find confusing or unclear of. • Why panic before exams because you can’t find this or that? Keep separate files for lecture, tutorial and practical. File up the respective notes systematically so that you do not lose them along the semester. • Do you expect the lecturer/ tutor to be available all the time to answer your questions? It is YOUR responsibility to take the initiative to clear your doubts or satisfy your curiosity to understand certain scientific phenomena by reading up on the relevant topics. A Based on a true story… A professor at the National University of Singapore recounts how on one occasion a student consulted him days before the exam. Student: Prof, could you explain this page to me please? Professor: What don’t you understand about this page? Student: EVERYTHING. Professor: But...
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...121 HUMAN NUTRITION LABORATORY BACKGROUND AND METHODS MODULE #1 BODY COMPOSITION Late Labs: 10 point deduction! A report submitted >1 week late, will receive 0 points for the lab!! Written and edited by: Karon Felten and Nutrition 121 TA’s With Special Thanks to: Chris Pritsos Ph.D. Nutrition Department Chairman ABSTRACT: In nutrition, there are many factors that influence an individual’s health and body weight, such as heredity, food selection, eating behaviors, and physical activity. Scale weight is not always a good indicator of body fat, lean mass, body water or overall health (1). This laboratory experience will give students the opportunity to conduct physical assessments by evaluating body weight and body composition. To determine body weight and body composition, techniques such as bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, wrist circumference for determining frame size, and a scale will be utilized. Students will also evaluate their own risk for cardiovascular disease and assess cardiovascular health in volunteers by measuring heart rate, filling out a heart disease risk score form, and estimating oxygen consumption and energy expenditure through a technique known as the Queens College Three-Minute Step Test. BACKGROUND: Your body is made up of the six essential nutrients: water, fat, protein, carbohydrates and various vitamins and minerals. Many factors can influence an individual’s...
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...but skeptical of Avery’s research was James Watson, a young American student and former child prodigy. Watson was born in 1928 in Chicago, Illinois, and he attended the University of Chicago for college, where he earned a bachelor's degree in 1947. In 1950, he received a PhD in ornithology from the University of Indiana, and, after reading What is Life? By Erwin Schrodinger, decided to pursue genetic research. The problem was, Watson had almost no experience whatsoever in chemistry. In 1950, Watson began his studies with a microbiologist, where he was assigned to write a thesis paper on phages, a simple type of virus. These studies proved difficult due to Watson’s lack of chemical knowledge, and his supervisor realized that more information about phages, proteins, and genes would become apparent if they understood the structure. In attempt to acquire some basic chemical experience, Watson began a short internship at a lab where he nearly caused a catastrophic explosion. Following this unfortunate incident, Watson’s knowledge of chemistry remained unimpressive, as shortly thereafter, the...
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...Studies VII Practical 9 Cell Biology Studies IX Practical 10 Cell Biology Studies X - Experiment Description Page Writing of Lab Reports Identification of Biomolecules 5 13 Identification of Unknown Carbohydrate Solutions and Investigation of Action of Saliva and HCl in Carbohydrate Solution at Two Different Temperatures Investigation of the Effects of Catalase Concentration on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition 20 Synthesis of Starch Using an Enzyme Extracted from Potato Tuber Investigation of the Effects of Different Catalytic Conditions on Hydrogen Peroxide Decomposition Microscopy 27 Practical 6 Cell studies II Practical 7 Cell studies III Extraction of Cell Organelles by Cell Fractionation Determination of Solute Potential of Potato Cell Sap 47 Practical 8 Cell studies IV Effects of Different Treatments on Stained Potato Cells 64 Practical 9 Energetics I Respiration of Germinating Beans 67 Microscopic Examination of Cells at Various Stages of Plant Mitosis and Meiosis DNA, Mitosis and Meiosis Modelling 71 Respiration of Yeast 93 Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 1) Optional: Practical 3 Enzyme studies I (Experiment 2) Practical 4 Enzyme studies II Practical 5 Cell studies I - - Practical 10 Energetics II Lab manual version 6_201505 FHSB1214 Biology I & FHSC1214 Fundamentals of Cell...
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...What is the cause of skin cancer? Stresses such as tobacco and radiation can cause cancer by damage to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) cells. DNA is the source of life which is stored inside the nucleus of every cell that makes up a living organism. To be able to fit inside a 10-micrometer average size cell, 10-meter long DNA has to be packed into a complex structure which is known as chromatin. Nucleosome is DNA wrapping around histone octamers and chromatin is form when nucleosomes in a nucleus compact together (Yu et al. 2011). At the chromatin level, it compacts to protect DNA from stresses after a short period of time (Interview with Dr. Michael Bergel 2015; unreferenced, see “Acknowledgements”). DNA fails to repair or kill itself (apoptosis) after being damaged which will causes DNA mutation. DNA mutation in a certain gene can make cells grow “out of control”. In human cells, the process of repairing DNA damage which occurs within chromatin is called Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER). Increasing age will decrease DNA ability to repair itself; this explains why a majority of cancer patients appear to be older adults. Ultraviolet radiation (UV radiation) is the main cause of skin cancer. Chromatin in skin cells after UV irradiation are found to...
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