...Bribery vs Reinforcement - Research Paper - J123M456 http://www.termpaperwarehouse.com/essay-on/Bribery-Vs-Reinfo... Login Join The Research Paper Factory Join Search Browse Saved Papers Search over 100,000 Essays Home Page » People Bribery vs Reinforcement In: People Bribery vs Reinforcement The discussion between what is bribery and what is reinforcement is a struggle that many parents face when wanting to discipline their children. To not get confused, there is a vast difference between the two. Bribery and reinforcement are not synonymous. Both Irvine and Direnfeld agree that the problem between a parent bribing or reinforcing their children is simply not the fault of their parenting ways, but how communication was lost. Parents have failed to communicate to their children that good behavior is rewarding enough (Irvine, 2007). According to the Lovaas Institute Blog, internal motivation is more beneficial than external rewards. If parents and teachers continuously advocate that the behavior the children do is good, then the need of external rewards will be eliminated because the praise and the attention that children will get out of it is rewarding enough. Most applied behavior analysts would agree that bribing a child institutes good behavior, but also communicates to the child that they will receive something in return for that behavior. According to Direnfeld, bribery is a “promise” of delivery. This means that before any behavior is...
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...lOMoARcPSD Summary - lecture notes Education: The Psychological Context (Macquarie University) EXAM: Part A: Kohlberg Piaget Humanism David Geary Part B: Humanism, Behaviourism, Constructivism Vygotsky Personal Perspectives & Intelligence Piaget & Problem solving Special needs students Gender o Male vs Female o Cognition & Behavioural differences Direct instruction & Discovery Learning Teaching Students with Additional Learning Needs Special Children Have special needs and require assistance at some stage in our schooling The notion of ‘fairness’ is not giving our students the same, but rather giving them what they need to learn and succeed. A look at the importance of resilience o Resilience is the ability to rebound, develop and thrive in the face of adversity, trauma, tragedy, hardship or even significant sources of stress. o How does resilience develop? Who are we talking about when we discuss children with special needs? o Those students with learning needs that are so diverse they need individual consideration and support. o A continuum of support in the classroom. Definition of Disability Social Model o socially created problem o not an attribute of an individual, but rather a complex collection of conditions o management of the problem requires social attention o collective responsibility of society at large o human rights issue of major concern o in the educational setting we ask...
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...* Classroom experience and knowledge about learning provide students with a constructive learning environment * Understanding learning * Individual differences, Learning theories, Managing learning in classrooms, Teachers * Constructivist – refers to the idea that learners construct knowledge for themselves; each learner individually (and socially) constructs meaning as he or she learns. * Humanist – a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence (rationalism, empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism). * Cognitivist – believe that learning is a change in individuals' mental structures enabling them to show changes in behaviour. It is based on the thought process behind the behaviour. * Behaviourist – believe that learning takes place when knowledge is separated into smaller bits. Students are rewarded for successful answers. Instruction focuses on conditioning the learner's behaviour. Learning involves repetition and association and is highly mechanical. Behaviourist leaning teachers focus on a new behavioural pattern being repeated until it becomes automatic. * Learning Theories * Behaviourism – The primary tenet of behaviorism, as expressed in the writings of John B. Watson, B. F. Skinner, and others, is that psychology should concern itself with the observable behavior of...
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...English▼ Home Answers Answers.com > Wiki Answers > Categories > Business & Finance > What is motivation explain maslows theory of motivation? What is motivation explain maslows theory of motivation? In: Business & Finance, Human Behavior, Psychological Disciplines [Edit categories] Distance Learning MBAwww.regenesys.co.zaAchieve an exclusive MBA, or BBA through E-Learning 011 669 5000 Zimbabwe Classifiedswww.classifieds.co.zwproperty, cars, jobs, computers, dating, travel, hardware, furniture Ads Answer: Maslow's Theory of Motivation - Hierarchy of Needs In 1943, Dr. Abraham Maslow 's article "A Theory of Human Motivation " appeared in Psychological Review, which were further expanded upon in his book: Toward a Psychology of Being In this article, Abraham H. Maslow attempted to formulate a needs-based framework of human motivation and based upon his clinical experiences with people, rather than as did the prior psychology theories of his day from authors such as Freud and B.F. Skinner, which were largely theoretical or based upon animal behavior. From this theory of motivation, modern leaders and executive managers find means of motivation for the purposes of employee and workforce management. Abraham Maslow's book Motivation and Personality (1954), formally introduced the Hierarchy of Needs. The basis of Maslow's motivation theory is that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower factors need to be satisfied before...
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...MKT2CBE Consumer Behaviour Week 2 Chapter 2, Value and the Consumer Behaviour Value Framework Learning Outcome 1: Describe the consumer value framework, including its basic components CVF: Identifies variables that influence the consumer both internal and external whilst also looking at the process of turning a need into a want into the acquisition of a product; then having the product do something for them (creating value) be it hedonic or utilitarian. Internal Influences: Learning, Perception, Memory, Attitude, Categorisation (cool, uncool) Personality of Consumer: Motivation, Personal Values, Lifestyle, Emotional Expressiveness (Assignment) Consumption Process: Needs, Wants, Exchange, Costs/Benefits, Reactions Value: Utilitarian/Hedonic Relationship Quality External Influences Situational Influencers Affect: feelings Consumer research: defining, establishing and testing individual differences in order to divide market External Influences: interpersonal, social environment (workmates/housemates/family) Situational Influences: time of day Learning Outcome 2: Define consumer value and compare and contrast two key types of value Value: What you get – What you give up eg. 7/11 convenience of opening 24/7 allows the company to introduce a higher premium Utilitarian: utility aspect (product, functionally, does something for you) Hedonic: facebook updates on your phone Learning Outcome 3: Apply the concepts of marketing strategy and...
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...exploring the physiological and neurobiological processes that underlie certain cognitive functions and behaviors. Structuralism was the first school of psychology and focused on breaking down mental processes into the most basic components. Researchers tried to understand the basic elements of consciousness using a method known as introspection. Wilhelm Wundt, founder of the first psychology lab, was an advocate of this position and is often considered the founder of structuralism, despite the fact that it was his student, Edward B. Titchener who first coined the term to describe this school of thought. Functionalism formed as a reaction to the structuralism and was heavily influenced by the work of William James and the evolutionary theory of Charles Darwin. Functionalists sought to explain the mental processes in a more systematic and accurate manner. Rather than focusing on the elements of consciousness, functionalists focused on the purpose of consciousness and behavior. Functionalism also emphasized individual differences, which had a profound impact on education. While Wundt's work helped to establish psychology as a separate science and contributed methods to experimental psychology and Titchener development of structuralism...
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...TPS 101: INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY TPS 101 serves as the beginning course in psychology; as such, it is broad in scope. The course will introduce students to the history of psychology, and current paradigms and theories. We will cover neuroscience, sensation, perception, memory, and language, stress and health psychology, personality and social psychology, intelligence, and developmental psychology. Because of time limitations, none of these topics can be covered in great depth. The reference textbooks and the material presented in class will serve as the primary sources for the material to be covered. INTRODUCTION TO THE STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGY Psychology is the scientific study of behaviour and mental processes. It is an academic and applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behaviour. Psychology also refers to the application of such knowledge to various spheres of human activity, including problems of individuals' daily lives and the treatment of mental illness. It is largely concerned with humans, although the behaviour and mental processes of animals can also be part of psychology research, either as a subject in its own right (e.g. animal cognition and ethnology), or somewhat more controversially, as a way of gaining an insight into human psychology by means of comparison (including comparative psychology). Origins of the psychology Near the end of 19th century things started drawing together. Questions raised by philosophers were being...
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