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Psychology & Criminology Essay: Does Crime Run in Families?

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Submitted By jackhc
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Themes and Practice in Psychology (Criminal Behaviour)

“Criminal behaviour runs in families”. Discuss this statement in light of the nature-nurture debate and considering recent and relevant literature.

For a number of years the dilemma of whether criminal behaviour is inherent in families or is triggered by various external factors in an individual’s environment has influenced and inspired an abundance of both criminological and psychological research. Many replicable studies have been conducted in an attempt to establish the core source of deviant and/or criminal actions , and whether such actions are to be attributed to genetics, or to one’s environment , nature or nurture. This paper shall seek to establish, where possible , the route to criminal behaviour and evaluate potential factors that could influence an individual to become delinquent .
Gottfredson & Hirschi (1990) set forth a general theory of crime that identified low self-control as the main causal factor. Their theory also proposed the notion that parents play the decisive role in either nurturing or thwarting the development of self-control – dependant on the parent’s ability to monitor and supervise a child’s behaviour and respond appropriately to anti-social behaviour. They claim that parents are the sole contributors to the cause of low self-control and therefore they reject potential genetic contributions in their theory . Their theory illustrates that criminal behaviour is simply caused by one’s parental socialization and upbringing, not by inherent genes . This concept is seemingly simplistic given that various other research suggests that there is empirical evidence for inherited genes having a pivotal role in determining an individual’s behaviour.
Wright & Beaver (2005) conducted a study in order to test Gottfredson & Hirschi’s theory. They wanted to test the theories’

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