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Psychology

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1. Compare and contrast various views of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Taoism.
Hinduism is a religion meaning part of three main parts which include Vishnaism, Saivism and the Saktism. People must therefore follow the gods from one of the above three. Budhism on the other hand comes from the word buddhi which can be defined as the process of waking up. Budhism is therefore the awakening philosophy. These origins of this philosophy are derived from Budha who awakened at the age of thirty five. Taoism on the other hand is an ethical or religious tradition from the Chinese faith. Tao means something that is the source of and force behind all that exists. In comparison, Hinduism is about understanding Brahm, from within the Atman which roughly means from within the soul, whereas Budhism is all about finding Anatman which is not soul. Hinduism is about finding the highest life by removing bodily distractions from life. Taoism on the other hand means the way, which is a Chinese quotation meaning Tao is found in the world through nature and can be experienced through a mystical experience. Buddhism is carried out in Monasteries, nunneries and temples while Hinduism is carried out in a temple. In comparison, both Buddhism and Hinduism and Taoism embrace the use of statues and pictures.in addition to that both also follow the Dharma which is the common religious law. In Budhism, the clergy consists of monks and nuns who follow teachings of the Budha under the name Sangha whereas in Hinduism there is no official clergy. In contrast the Buddhists believe in the teachings of the Budha who shows the four noble truths and the eightfold path whereas Hinduism has diverse beliefs depending on the various sects.

2. Explain the connection between the Tao, Ying, and Yang.

The ying and yang in Chinese religion are two principles. The ying is dark negative and feminine whereas the yang is positive bright and masculine. Both their interaction frequently have an influence on the destinies of creatures of the world. The yin yang symbol often represents opposite chi energies. These energies can never exist without one another. The black curve which has white dots normally represents colds softness and passiveness. The white curve on the other hand represents masculinity hardness and ferocious activity. The connection between ying, yang and Tao can never be overlooked. Tao normally deals with the flow of the universe and is characterized as the force behind the natural order. This connection is considered to be the source of existence and non existence. Taoists usually worship on holidays on their calendar. Food is normally set out as a sacrifice to their gods and ancestors. All in all it is true to say that ying and yang are directly connected to the Tao which is the ultimate holder of the universe and one cannot function without the other.

3. Articulate how principles of Taoism serve as the foundation of the art of Feng Shui.
The foundations of Feng shui are derived from the principles of Taoism in a practical way. This is because feng shui is all about elements and factors which are earthly things that exist within our norml livelihood. Taoism principles come in when we now want to join the pre heaven elements with the post heaven elements. The principles of Taoism assert that the Taoist magic aids in dealing with the pre heaven elements thus bringing a peaceful coexistence between the two worlds. It is also more practical in the sense that feng shui talks about things that can be felt and seen without the use of abstract or imaginary data.

4. Explain the idea of analytic philosophy in contrast with other schools of philosophy.
The idea of analytic philosophy can be derived from the methods when we want to compare it with other schools of philosophy. The methods used here are usually a system of operations which are generally recognized as rational. The methods include, reasoning and thought experience collection of data, then a wide theoretical description is provided usually by observing the fundamental elements of linguistic competence, then interpretation follows reasoning and eventually thought experiments are conducted. This is acutely immense as compared to other schools of philosophy. A greater emphasis is placed on argumentation and controversial sources of knowledge such as intellectual intuition is greater avoided. Other schools of philosophy may provide temporary results that can be invalidated at any time as compared to analytic philosophy. Analytic philosophy is also diverse thereby hard to relate it with other schools of philosophy. This is because it has undergone tremendous changes over the historical foundations.

5. Compare and contrast the logical positivist to the natural language theorist.
Positivism can be defined as a philosophical theory which asserts that positive knowledge is based on the natural phenomena. This is to say that the data derived from our sensory experiences which is interpreted through logic usually forms the exclusive source of authoritative knowledge. The verified information gotten from the senses are often known as empirical evidence.as a result, positivism is based on empiricism. The natural language theorist pays keen attention to the use of language expressions 6. Explain the role of the “Vienna circle” in the history of analytic philosophy.
The Vienna Circle was a group of philosophers who decided to account for the presuppositions of theories by regimenting most them.Furthermore,they viewed logical analysis as only a method for science sentences clarification and pseudo prepositions elimination. The Vienna Circle members cleared stables of academic philosophy by showing that metaphics is not meaningful and they firmly believed in this.Futhermore ,they used public engagement to associate their attempts of trying to object metaphysics

7. Articulate the main themes found in existentialism.
We have five main themes of existentialism which are described below: a) Our existence precedes own essence
This comes about from the existentialist point of view of the say I am my own existence. Most of us are the results of our choices and the reverse is true. b) Our ethical considerations are greatly paramount
We should carefully examine our personal lives and be able to determine its authenticity. c) Humanism
We can state that existentiality is mainly involved with a person`s own`s philosophy. This means that the main focus is on the individualism identity and finding himself given the socio-economic pressures of conformity from the society and modern world.

d) Responsibility
Responsibility means accepting accountability on certain matters which you have control in and externalism in this case is a our philosophy of freedom. This means that we can look back at what we have achieved in our lives. e) Time
Time is really important and is of great essence in all we do. We are clock oriented and this makes us bound by time so time consciousness is vital in our everyday lives.

8. Explain why Kierkegaard and Dostoyevsky are considered predecessors of existentialism.
Existentialism is composed of various set of ideas which are idea and system related. Kierkegaard is one of the most respected philosophers as he was the first existentialist philosopher who discovered the leap of faith which is required by many Christians at this modern periods. Some people consider him as the number one founder for existentialism for he believed that the relationship between human being and God must be fought for with all we`ve got. For Dostoyevsky, he was a great philosopher who spent most of his time studying the freedom of free will is mostly involved with existentialism. He considered human conditions as being limited with that of God.

9. Critically analyze Husserl’s phenomenology and how it informed existentialism
Phenomenology is a type research method that involves important evaluation of aspects of human life while existentialism is the philosophical character that observes human life from the inner side rather than from the outside. Husserl`s believed that Phenomenological existentialism is not tightly defined control. System .it emphasizes on creativity rather than trials which are not objective. He believed that philosophical goal involved ways to describe appropriate findings of consciousness without manipulation and biasness. 10. Explain the meaning of being and nothingness according to Sartre.
According to Sartre, he defines this as a study of consciousness of being, which is generally known as ontology which is commonly known as the study which relates to being.Satre believes that the appearance of our phenomenon is absolute and pure and that the only reality is our appearance. He further expands of this by explaining the binary distinction dominating the rest of being and nothingness, which is generally the distinction between conscious being and unconscious being. In addition, he says being in itself is not aware of itself and is unable to change but being for itself is incomplete but is conscious of its own. Therefore Sartre concludes that this non determined and undefined nature and characteristic is what defines man. This can be backed by his facts since the” for itself (which is man in our case) is forced to create itself from nothingness since it lacks the needed essence.

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