Study sample database was created in the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) version 23. In the questionnaire, women were asked to choose either agree, disagree or I do not know as an answer. Based on the answers provided, a scale for each part of the second section was calculated. Awareness section consisted of 11 questions; a total score for this section was calculated using (0-1) scale, where one point was given for every correct answer and zero points for the incorrect answers. The total scale range would be 0-11, which then was divided into two categories: poor (≤) and satisfactory (≥ ) knowledge, using a cutoff value of , which was the median for this distribution. In the same manner, a total score for the perceptual attitudes …show more content…
The total score for this section was 22. Using a cutoff of 14, which was the mean of the distribution, we categorized these scores into positive perceptions (14>) and negative perceptions (14≤). The overall scores for these two sections was an indicator of the knowledge levels as well as the associated perceptual attitudes. In the same way, a total score of the systematic and patient-related barriers to breast cancer screening was calculated. Using the same scale (0-2), the total of all items was 22 for the system-related barriers section and 34 for the patient-related barriers section. System-related barriers were classified into low score barrier (>9) and high score barrier (9≤), where 9 represents the mean for the calculated total system-related score. Personal barriers were classified into low score barrier ( ), intermediate score barrier ( ), and high score barrier ( ≤). Cronbach's Alpha for the reliability was 0.867, reflecting an excellent internal consistency of the designed questionnaire. The categorized groups were cross-tabulated using frequency tables and pie charts or bar charts with the socio-economic