...The Impact of Privatization of Public Services on the Public Sector Employment in the U.S. Literature review Privatization is one of the most discussed topics in the modern era of public management. Traditional norms of public management are getting unclear day by day because of the increased consideration for the efficiency and effectiveness of affairs of public sector organizations. One of the way governments adopted to increase the efficiency and effectiveness is the privatization of public services. Varner (2006) in his report titled ‘Government Privatization History, Example, and Issues’ given the definition of privatization as “Privatization is the process of transferring property from public ownership to private ownership and/or transferring the management of a service or activity from the government to the private sector”( Varner, 2006, p. 1). This paper assumes and proposes the privatization as independent variable and analyzes its impact on unemployment. So being an independent variable in a study it is very much appropriate to identify different aspects related to privatization. The significant contribution of Varner (2006) is that he has specified the forms of privatization as; “Complete Privatization, Privatization of Operations, Use of Contracts, Franchising, and Open Competition” (p. 1). In addition, he said that moves address the idea of reason what may be the causes ultimately ends up in privatizing the public entities. The provided list of seven reasons...
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...Institutional Financing of SME in Bangladesh [pic] [pic] TERM PAPER ON Institutional Financing of SME in Bangladesh Submitted By: ID- Program- BBA Premier University, Chittagong Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Business Administration. Submitted To: Ms. Nilufar Sultana Lecturer, Dept. of Finance & Banking, Faculty of Business Studies, Premier University, Chittagong. DATE OF SUBMISSION: /09/2012 Letter of Transmittal Date: To Ms. Nilufar Sultana Faculty of Business Studies Premier University, Chittagong Sub: Letter of Transmitter on Term Paper Dear Madam, This is my pleasure to submit my term paper report on “Institutional financing of SME in Bangladesh” which I was assigned. It was a great opportunity for me to acquire knowledge and experience in respect of the functions, procedures and operational activity, other than my topic of study. I have concentrated my best efforts to achieve the objectives of the assignment study and hope my endeavor will serve the purpose. However, I will always be ready to provide any further clarification that you may require. Sincerely Yours, ID# Program: BBA Batch Number: 16 8th Semester Section: Major:...
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...output, efficiency and employment. It will be analyzed to compare the performance of public and private sector organization in Pakistan. Keywords: Privatization, profitability, output, efficiency and employment Introduction Despite frequent changes in the governments since 1985, five regularly elected and six care takers, there has been consensus on the continuation of privatization policy and as such it is expected to be cornerstone of all the future government policies, at least in the near future. Instead of arguing the merits or demerits of the privatization policy, we explore its impact on the levels of efficiency. A large number of public sector units have already been divested and a number of other public enterprises including telecommunications and thermal power stations have been placed on the privatization list. Nevertheless, serious doubts have been expressed about transparency of the bidding process and the impact of privatization on efficiency, investment, production, prices, employment and fiscal deficit. Accordingly, there is a need to identify constraints in realizing various objectives of privatization with a view to suggesting concrete policy measures that may be taken to overcome the constrain and to improve the performance of the organization. Divestiture of assets is not new to Pakistan though the motivation for divestiture has not been the same in different time periods. During the 50s and the 60s, public sector used to invest in...
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...India Assessment and Options1 R Nagaraj2,3 Ownership reform in public sector enterprises (PSEs) initiated since 1991 has as yet been quantitatively modest. It is perhaps too early to judge the effects of these initiatives on their financial performance. While the slow pace of the reform can be perceived as an opportunity, there is perhaps merit in carefully reviewing the policy in light of economic theory, and comparative experience. As the bulk of the public investments are in industries with economies of scale and scope (with externalities that in principle invite considerable regulation), this study suggests an alternative institutional arrangement for improving PSEs’ financial performance: mutual stock holding among complementary enterprises tied around a public sector bank to minimise problems of soft budget constraint, dysfunctional legislative and bureaucratic interference, and to encourage close interaction between banks and firms to promote long term economic development. Introduction: Employing about 19 million persons, public sector currently contributes about a quarter of India’s measured domestic output. Administrative departments (including defense) account for about 2/5th of it, the rest comes from a few departmental enterprises (like railways and postal services), and a large number of varied non-departmental enterprises producing a range of goods and services. These include, close to 250 public sector enterprises (PSEs) owned and managed by the central government...
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...Transition The First Ten Years Analysis and Lessons for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union Transition The First Ten Years Analysis and Lessons for Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union THE WORLD BANK Washington, D.C. © 2002 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/The World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 All rights reserved. 1 2 3 4 5 05 04 03 02 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Board of Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank cannot guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply on the part of the World Bank any judgment of the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this work is copyrighted. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or inclusion in any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the World Bank. The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission promptly. For permission to photocopy or reprint, please send a request with complete information to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc, 222 Rosewood...
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...A public sector organization is responsible to the government. This is in contrast to organizations from the private sector, which are controlled by private parties. An example of the organization of the public sector is the public school system Introduction Pakistan International Airlines PIA is known as airline seat in Karachi, which is the national carrier of Pakistan. The main hub is Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad, while their side blocks. The airline was founded on 23 October 1946, Eastern Airlines, originally based in Calcutta for the division of British India. And later he earned four Douglas DC-3s. The airline was nationalized January 10, 1955 and changed its name to Pakistan International Airlines. Its first international flight...
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...Roll-391, Section-B Date- 29April, 2014 CAREER MARKETING PLAN No matter what background one has, there is always at least one point in life where one has to take a decisive position as to what one wishes to do for one’s future. This becomes especially important when one is to start of one’s professional career. Such decisions may not give result exactly as expected by the person but planning about them well in advance certainly does hold an advantage. This report represents the path that I wish to take for my career or my future following graduating with an MBA. With an emphasis on my strengths and weaknesses especially those that differentiate me from my competing fellows and are important to my line, I have tried not only to see which line I would personally prefer to pursue but also the one which is more in congruence with my skill set. The major intent, however, is not to select a career path but rather to develop a marketing plan for my personal brand using systematic methods commonly used in regular commercial marketing as well. As a result, I have been able to know about my own interest as well as of the skills that I possess and those that I would need to develop based on who my target audience would be and what goals I have set in relation to my long term objectives. For this, I have analyzed a list of my strengths and weaknesses to see which field interests me most and...
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...Economy, Efficiency and Effectiveness Name Institutional Affiliation Government agencies are commissions appointed and granted powers and authority to oversee specific functions such as Bureau of economic analysis. Bureau of economic analysis provides economic statistics and its main function is to give a clear understanding of the economic status of the US by giving an accurate and relevant data. Cochran, J. (2013). A state agency may be of either national or state government. Performance measurement is basically managing production rate and its primary purpose is to reduce or get rid of total variation in the production process. The main purpose of measuring performance, is to help get to a better decisions. Performances generally tell us important aspects about products, services, and the processes of how they are produced. They are a helpful tool to understanding, manage, and improve what organizations do. Performance can also be measured in order to recognize the sum total of quality management. Jacob, I. (2011). Persons charged with the management of an organization have to implement change in the organization. Before implementing change in an organization, the manager has to know how and when to introduce the change, he or she has to freeze and unfreeze the change process in order to avoid resistance from the workers. The management team has to have appropriate information and knowledge to measure the performance of the institution. Currently there is no known standard...
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...Privatization on Service Sector Preface We know that the countries which are developed today are getting very strong in service sector day by day. Without having a very significant service sector it is impossible to retain the development of the economy of a country. Service sector is the accelerator of an economy. And Bangladesh is one of the least developed countries of the world with a huge number of different problems but most importantly with an emerging service sector. Really this is a great tonic for this underdeveloped country on the way of development. So to utilize this potential setting up of a lot of service organization is needed. But the service organization should not be public rather private. Because we all know about the poor service quality and negative profit of the public service organizations of Bangladesh. So the privatization of service sector is one of our desired initiatives. It is one of the leading aspects with a very bright potential to boost-up the economy of this third-world poor country. Prepared by: Md. Abdul Hai – 07882860 Essence of Privatization Despite a significant degree of public ownership in health, education, communication, utilities and energy sectors in the pre-independence period, Bangladesh inherited basically a private sector dominated economy at the time of independence in 1971. A set of three inter-related reasons are put forward as rationale for privatization in Bangladesh. These are: • Improvement of the governments’ fiscal...
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...Supervisor | 22 | Social Contribution | 9 | Environmental Mastery | 23 | Social Integration | 10 | Focused Work | 24 | Senior Managers | 11 | Human Resource Mgt. | 25 | Training & Development | 12 | Individual’s Own Values | 26 | Trust | 13 | Interpersonal Support | 27 | Work Group | 14 | Job Content | 28 | Work-Life Balance | Perrin‟s Global Workforce Study (2005) uses the definition “employees‟ willingness and ability to help their company succeed, largely by providing discretionary effort on a sustainable basis.” According to study, engagement is affected by many factors which involve both emotional and rational factors relating to work and the overall work experience.This verdict and definition forwarded by Institute of Employment Studies gives a...
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...pay performance is attractive to the public sector because its basis is rooted in the perception that superior performance should be acknowledged and rewarded. Its implementation is varied, consisting of individuals, work groups, or departments being evaluated and having financial incentives distributed as base pay increases, one-time bonuses, or a combination. “Merit pay” is a term typically associated with pay for performance where individual performance ratings are directly correlated to annual salary increases in hopes that the incentive with increase employee effort and productivity. However, the critical component that directly affects success with this pay structure is employee perception on how equitable and attainable the expectations are within the incentive plan. Employees form beliefs and take actions based on how satisfied they are with their jobs as well as an opinion about state agencies as places to work and pursue careers. If these employees feel that the performance appraisal systems are not fair, then they will not be motivated by the premise of linking their pay to incentives. Moreover, these same employees will eventually become disgruntle and work at less productive rates because they feel as though “politics” or favoritism determines the outcome of their evaluations not personal achievement. Many employees were attracted to public sector jobs because of they were perceived to be secure with good benefits. Now, public agencies are moving from the traditional...
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...deployed equitably, can ensure citizens are empowered and Government can deliver services more effectively. Information is vital for the efficient delivery of public and private sector product and services that are responsive to the needs of citizens and businesses as well as capacity creation. For a variety of reasons (economic and policy), developing countries like Kenya are less equipped to take advantage of the potential in ICT to stimulate growth, and are likely to fall behind advanced economies. The Kenya ICT Master Plan is therefore not designed in isolation, given that there is evidence from developed countries that investment in ICT facilitates economic growth by increasing productivity. As the Kenya Government ensures an enabling ICT environment and regulatory framework, this plan aims at stimulating the setup of ICT-related businesses to enhance employment creation. At the heart of this document is a strategic intent to develop a robust ICT sector that will enhance economic growth through creation of businesses and hence employment. In the execution of this plan, Kenya will become a leading ICT hub for the region, improve the lives of her citizens and see significant ICT-led economic growth in line with Vision 2030. This ICT Master Plan aims at building and promoting an environment where more service sector businesses are created and are able to thrive through leveraging on ICT. ICT offers key benefits that make life simpler and more convenient for citizens and...
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...Industries Corporation (BSCIC) is a prime government organization entrusted for rapid industrialization of small and cottage Industries in the country. Under the direct or indirect initiative of BSCIC a plenty of entrepreneurs has been created and enterprises has been set up in the country. But the influence of globalization and the free economy impacts upon the traditional manufacturing enterprises. This situation for marketing of small and cottage industries products is a major constraints facing by the sector. BSCIC is to provide facilities to the existing and new entrepreneurs to expand and develop their markets and to stay and sustain in the competitive environment. Introduction Bangladesh Small & Cottage Industries Corporation (BSCIC) was established in 1957 by an Act of Parliament. The establishment of BSCIC was in recognition of the need for a specialised agency to promote the development of Small, Medium & Cottage Industries (SMCIs) in the manufacturing sector through the provision of advisory services, fiscal and financial assistance, infrastructural facilities, market access and other support programme. BSCIC strives to create resilient and efficient SMCIs, able to compete in a liberalised market environment. SMCIs have to be efficient and knowledge-driven, including using ICT to be globally ‘connected’ and accessible. The Corporation will promote SMCIs to be an integral part of the country’s industrial development capable of producing high value-added manufacturing...
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... MGI’s mission is to help leaders in the commercial, public, and social sectors develop a deeper understanding of the evolution of the global economy and to provide a fact base that contributes to decision making on critical management and policy issues. MGI research combines two disciplines: economics and management. Economists often have limited access to the practical problems facing senior managers, while senior managers often lack the time and incentive to look beyond their own industry to the larger issues of the global economy. By integrating these perspectives, MGI is able to gain insights into the microeconomic underpinnings of the long-term macroeconomic trends affecting business strategy and policy making. For nearly two decades, MGI has utilized this “micro-to-macro” approach in research covering more than 20 countries and 30 industry sectors. MGI’s current research agenda focuses on three broad areas: productivity, competitiveness, and growth; the evolution of global financial markets; and the economic impact of technology. Recent research has examined a program of reform to bolster growth and renewal in Europe and the United States through accelerated productivity growth; Africa’s economic potential; debt and deleveraging and the end of cheap capital; the impact of multinational companies on the US economy; technology-enabled business trends; urbanization in India and China; and the competitiveness of sectors and industrial policy. MGI is led by three McKinsey &...
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...written using information publicly available at the time of production. The views expressed are those of the author and should not be attributed to the Information and Research Services (IRS). Advice on legislation or legal policy issues contained in this paper is provided for use in parliamentary debate and for related parliamentary purposes. This paper is not professional legal opinion. Readers are reminded that the paper is not an official parliamentary or Australian government document. IRS staff are available to discuss the paper's contents with Senators and Members and their staff but not with members of the public. Published by the Department of the Parliamentary Library, 2001 I N F O R M A T I O N A N D R E S E A R C H S E R V I C E S Current Issues Brief No. 18 2000–01 Outsourcing—For and Against Rose Verspaandonk Politics and Public Administration Group 26 June 2001 Acknowledgments Thanks are due to staff of the Parliamentary Library for assistance provided in the production of this paper, including Richard Webb,...
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