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Qr Codes Project

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Submitted By mj77
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QR Codes Project
Azza Sayed, Farah Zaghloul, Leena El Gebaly, Majed Al Suwaidi, Zahra M. Anwar
Business Information Systems 101
Mr. Ali Khawaja
27th September 2009

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction to QR Codes 3 QR Code History 3 Features of QR Codes 5 Creating QR Codes 7 How Can You Read Them? 8 Where are they being used? 8 Where is it going? 10 Where could they be used? 10 Bibliography 12

Introduction to QR Codes

Binary Punch Card
An early form of barcodes was punch cards. They were first used by Basile Bouchon in the year 1725. Punch cards were papers where data is represented by holes. It was first used in textiles and later was used in computers. Today, punch cards are no longer used. They have been replaced by barcodes. (Punch Cards - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)Woodland and Silver’s "Bull's eye" code

The first commercial use of barcodes was in 1966. However, there was no standard to be used for the industry as a hole. Therefore, the National Association of Food Chains requested and industry standard for barcodes. (History of Barcodes | eHow.com) In response, Logicon Inc. developed the Universal Grocery Products Identification Code. It was the first barcode standard. (Bar Codes - The History of Barcode)
A UPC-A barcode symbol
On April 3rd 1972 a form of barcodes was chosen as the industry standard. It was the IBM developed Universal Product Code (UPC). The UPC more advanced (technically) than previous standards. Moreover, it was the most important event in the history modern logistics. After the propagation of the UPC, all companies needed to register with the Uniform Code Council (UCC) and use the UPC on their products. (Barcoding Inc. - Barcode History)
QR Code History

Today, barcodes are split into two types: the linear (1D) codes, and the matrix (2D) codes. Traditional barcodes were all linear, including the UPC. What is meant by linear is that the data that they hold is represented by bars which may be thick or thin. That is why they are called barcodes. (Barcodes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia)
As the use of barcodes increased, the need for barcodes with greater capacity was needed. Some people tried to use more than one barcode or tried to increase the number of digits (and bars) in a barcode. However, those efforts weren’t efficient because they needed more space to print the codes and made the scanning process more complex. This dilemma led to the development of the 2D barcodes, or what is called by matrix codes. (About 2D Code | QR Code.com)
QR code, quick response, is a two dimensional bar code used to decode items at a high speed was first invented in 1952 by Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver , when they used it to identify railroad cars using an Automated Car Identification (ACI) . They used ink in their system which used to glow under ultra violet allowing the details to be read by the scanning system, it was placed on either sides of the rolling stock. In 1994 it was generated by Japanese corporation Denso-Wave who possess the patent right (number 2,612,994), where Joseph Woodland and Bernard Silver were the owners of it. After that, it began to be marketable used in 1996 with the first UPC code on a pack of Wrigley’s gum at marsh’s supermarket in Troy, Ohio. Then around 1980’s it began to be broadly used. Currently, Japan is the major country using QR codes. They use it in inventory control, commercial tracking, and logistics. Australia comes at second place followed by United States of America at the third place. Moreover, QR codes began to have an influence in the U.K in late 2008 where people use it with their mobile phones. QR Code Standardization | October, 1997 | Approved as AIM International (Automatic Identification Manufacturers International) standard (ISS - QR Code) | March, 1998 | Approved as JEIDA (Japanese Electronic Industry Development Association) standard (JEIDA-55) | January, 1999 | Approved as JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) standard (JIS X 0510) | June, 2000 | Approved as ISO international standard (ISO/IEC18004) | November, 2004 | Micro QR Code is Approved as JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) standard (JIS X 0510) |

Features of QR Codes

QR Codes have the ability to encode more data and store it in a space smaller than typical 1D barcodes. Additionally, QR (Quick Response) codes, as the name suggests, can be read at high speeds for they were designed to be used in auto parts. (About 2D Code | QR Code.com)
These codes are capable of storing hundred times the capacity of conventional barcodes. Moreover, they can store numbers, alphabets, symbols, binary, control codes and japanese characters such as Kanji, Kana and Hiragana. Statistically, a QR code can store up to 7,089 characters. QR Code Data capacity | Numeric only | Max. 7,089 characters | Alphanumeric | Max. 4,296 characters | Binary (8 bits) | Max. 2,953 bytes | Kanji, full-width Kana | Max. 1,817 characters |
Another advantage of QR codes is that take a smaller(physical) space than older 1D barcodes. If you distribute the data over the space, QR codes can store the same data stored in a conventional barcode in thenth of the space.
An important feature in QR codes, is that it has a data correction capability that reaches up to 30%. Not only this, but also QR codes can be read at high speed from any angle(360 degrees). Therfore, if the code is aligned diagonally or it is upside down, the reader could still read it. This feature works thanks to the position detection patterns located at three corners of the code. (QR Code features - QR Code.com)

Here is a table showing the differences between QR Code and other 2D code types: | QR Code | PDF417 | DataMatrix | Maxi Code | | | | | | Developer(country) | DENSO(Japan) | Symbol Technologies (USA) | RVSI Acuity CiMatrix (USA) | UPS (USA) | Type | Matrix | Stacked Bar Code | Matrix | Matrix | Data capacity | Numeric | 7,089 | 2,710 | 3,116 | 138 | | Alphanumeric | 4,296 | 1,850 | 2,355 | 93 | | Binary | 2,953 | 1,018 | 1,556 | | | Kanji | 1,817 | 554 | 778 | | Main features | Large capacity, small printout size
High speed scan | Large capacity | Small printout size | High speed scan | Main usages | All categories | OA | FA | Logistics | Standardization | AIM International
JIS
ISO | AIM International
ISO | AIM International
ISO | AIM International
ISO |

Creating QR Codes

The first thing you need to do is access a QR Code generator like Kaywa or i-nigma. You can do that by searching through Google or any search engine. There are two types of QR Codes generators; basic and advanced. The basic form contains fewer options such as text, URL, SMS and phone numbers, while the advanced QR Code generator offers more options like creating multiple links at once or setting an expiration date for the code. Websites like http://www.qrjumps.com/ offer the advanced generator. (UKOLN | Briefing Documents | An Introduction to QR Codes) (QR Code Generator)
You should then fill in the required information by the website which will include picking the content/data type. You usually have the choice of having it as text, URL(website), telephone number, SMS message, contact details (VCARD) and sometimes Google map (where you can find addresses and locations), Facebook profile or MySpace profile and possibly others depending on the website. (UKOLN | Briefing Documents | An Introduction to QR Codes) (QR Stuff - QR Codes For Cell Phones And PDA's)
After that, you write the content of whatever data type you chose in the space provided. For example: to create a QR code for URL, you would have to write a website in the space provided and if it was for a Google map, write the address you want to find, for example San Francisco.
The figure on the right shows the QR code preview of the location of San Francisco.
Because many characters reduce the quality of the image, it is preferable that the QR code contains 40-80 characters only. It is also preferred to be black and white, and no less than 2 cm wide. (UKOLN | Briefing Documents | An Introduction to QR Codes) (QR Code Generator) (QR Stuff - QR Codes For Cell Phones And PDA's)
After the above steps the QR code is generated. The output is an image file that can be saved on your computer, printed or put on a t-shirt. (UKOLN | Briefing Documents | An Introduction to QR Codes) (QR Stuff - QR Codes For Cell Phones And PDA's)

How Can You Read Them?

* QR Codes can be read easily using any device that has the QR reading software on it, ranging from the specific scanning devices made to decode the QR Codes to mobile phones. (Chart Types - Google Chart API - Google Code) * Some mobile phones already have cameras with the barcode scanning software pre-loaded in them, if not , there are many software applications available for downloading them on the internet like: Kaywa Reader, UpCode and Quick mark, depending on the type of the mobile used. (Cheat Sheet: QR codes - Networks - Breaking Business and Technology News at silicon.com)

* Take a picture of the QR Code using the mobile camera, or any other QR scanning device.

* The decoding software then interprets the code, and responds by opening up the appropriate application to handle the encoded data in the right way; whether it is saving a contact, visiting a website or sending an SMS. This is because of the FNC1 Application Identifiers that are embedded in the encoded data. (QR Stuff - QR Codes For Cell Phones And PDA's)
Where are they being used?

QR codes are being widely applied around the world – especially in Japan. Applications such as manufacturing, logistics and sales applications are using QR Codes. In terms of common everyday use, QR Codes are found printed on paperback spines, rental video cases, and sushi plates used in revolving sushi bars. Here are examples on how and where QR codes have been used: * Who would think of placing QR codes to his biker son’s tombstone? A Japanese father did. He added a QR code to his deceased child’s grave with the aim to provide an easy link, to his son’s friends, to a website containing the son’s photo and other personal information. Once the QR code was scanned onto their mobile phones, the friends were led to the website, able to view the content of the site, and as well as, also able to sign a virtual guestbook. Like this, the father watched who has recently visited and left comments. (A couple of interesting uses for QR codes | Japan Probe) * In Japan, people are using QR codes by adding them on jewelry that they wear almost everywhere. Like this, in case of emergencies, the QR code provides access to the victim’s health information (i.e. allergies, blood types, and medical conditions). (A couple of interesting uses for QR codes | Japan Probe) * QR codes are also printed on t-shirts. You can find these t-shirts in several places including online shops. For example, the t-shirt on the right translates to ‘Don’t miss me’! (Uses for QR Codes - Advertising Lab: future of advertising and advertising technology) * YouTube has enabled mobile users to create a QR code to provide a link to the video. (Can a 'URL Killer' Save Our Text-Weary Thumbs?)
As a matter of fact, not only for personal purposes but QR codes are increasingly being utilized for commercial ideas as well – including magazines, websites, packaging, and billboards. * For example, QR codes may be printed on billboards for an easy access to advertisement’s websites. (Uses for QR Codes - Advertising Lab: future of advertising and advertising technology) * Moreover, QR codes are also used by the celebrities (i.e. The Pet Shop Boys, Green Day, Kid Robot) as well as Tim Burton’s ‘Coming to America’ to promote their albums or movies. For example, Green Day applied QR codes on magazine ads, posters, stickers and etc… for their album’s “21st Century” promotion. By taking a snapshot, the end user is able to download exclusive images and videos. (Uses for QR Codes - Advertising Lab: future of advertising and advertising technology) * BBC News and some other companies also started to use the QR code:
This QR code leads the user to a BBC page.

This QR code leads the user to the same company that worked on QR code chocolates.
This QR code leads the user to a company which concentrates in QR code designing.

* There is a more efficient way to save paper: newspapers don’t have to type out the entire story; instead, they can add QR codes in their stories which allow the reader to get an access to the virtual edition on their cellular phones. Hence, now the full story won’t cost the reader any money in addition to the fact that it will be very reader-friendly. (How QR codes could save newspapers from obsolence) * Business men are also using QR codes for trouble-free contact for their clients and customers. (Uses for QR Codes - Advertising Lab: future of advertising and advertising technology) * A QR code based program was conducted by Eventbrite for purchasing concert tickets and party registrations. This initiative was put forward in order to increase efficiency and reduce waste. As there will be more improvement in camera and scanner technology, this method of registration will become more and more popular. (Cool uses of QR codes) * Further uses of QR codes may include linking to podcasts, building games or scavenger hunts, “find me” maps, and etc… (Cool uses of QR codes)
Where is it going?

QR Codes can store a large amount of complex information on a small matrix. As awareness grows about how useful they are, there are a lot of possible applications in many fields that have been discussed, therefore, they are expected to be seen more in public venues. (7 things you should know about QR Codes)
The technology may evolve that the embedded data could be seen differently by different users. For example, authorized users with passwords have access to more detailed information or different user signatures would unlock different information. (7 things you should know about QR Codes)
Where could they be used?

* In commercial packaging, they could display codes with links to websites where users can find information about the product whether they are nutritional or price-related. The codes could also include links to websites where users can play the latest product-associated game or learn about promotions and sales or find recipes. (7 things you should know about QR Codes)

* In concert tickets, users could read more about the artist and access a content portal where you can listen to songs and download lyrics. They could also be posted next to artworks, on brochures for musical or theatrical programs where users can access more information about the programs. (7 things you should know about QR Codes)

* In scientific endeavours, they could replace printed labels whether they are attached to lab samples or medication options. They could also be used for patients’ privacy or donors’ anonymity. (7 things you should know about QR Codes)

* In academic uses, for example, in history projects, students might research information about local sites, write up what they have learned, generate QR code for their content, post the codes at key destinations, and tour the sites where a network of information from other students has been posted. (7 things you should know about QR Codes)

* It could be placed on designer clothing to create a distinctive branded code using logos, characters and colours such as the recently released Louis Vuitton QR Code. (QR Code Qriousity: Ideas to demonstrate their potential)

* QR Codes will work from a marketing perspective because they allow people to pull ads that are of interest to them rather than push ads that are widely used today. For example, an ad for coca-cola, you can scan the code and it downloads the coca-cola ringtone. (Why QR Codes Will Be Big Business in the U.S. | CenterNetworks)

* They could also be used in conferences or meetings, where each attendee gets a card with a QR Code on it that could be scanned for acquiring information about that person; personal information, contact information and schedules. (Why QR Codes Will Be Big Business in the U.S. | CenterNetworks)

* They could also be used to tag objects in an environment that probably requires training in order to use it. For example, a laundry machine could be tagged with a link to the learning module. (QR Codes in Learning | Upside Learning Blog)

* In manufacturing and inventory industries, machine parts could be tagged with service/replacement instructions and with a link to technical information about that part. The user could scan the code to find out what is the replacement part. Where it could be found. (QR Codes in Learning | Upside Learning Blog)

* In alternate reality games, the ability to embed contact, geo location and URL information in these codes is considered to be very useful, since typical elements in ARGs depend on these information types for furthering game-play. (QR Codes in Learning | Upside Learning Blog)

Bibliography

5 Uniqe Uses for QR Codes. (n.d.). Retrieved from Mashable: http://mashable.com/2009/01/07/qr-codes/
7 things you should know about QR Codes. (n.d.). Retrieved from Educase Learning Initiative Website: http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ELI7046.pdf
A couple of interesting uses for QR codes | Japan Probe. (n.d.). Retrieved from Japan Probe: http://www.japanprobe.com/?p=7895
About 2D Code | QR Code.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from QR Code.com: http://www.denso-wave.com/qrcode/aboutqr-e.html
Bar Codes - The History of Barcode. (n.d.). Retrieved from About.com : inventors: http://inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blbar_code.htm
Barcodes - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bar_codes#Types_of_barcodes
Barcoding Inc. - Barcode History. (n.d.). Retrieved from Barcoding Inc. Website: http://www.barcoding.com/information/barcode_history.shtml
Can a 'URL Killer' Save Our Text-Weary Thumbs? (n.d.). Retrieved from http://adage.com/digitalnext/article?article_id=138154
Chart Types - Google Chart API - Google Code. (n.d.). Retrieved from Google code: http://code.google.com/apis/chart/types.html#qrcodes
Cheat Sheet: QR codes - Networks - Breaking Business and Technology News at silicon.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from silicon.com: http://networks.silicon.com/mobile/0,39024665,39232188,00.htm
Cool uses of QR codes. (n.d.). Retrieved from ghacks.net: http://www.ghacks.net/2009/08/30/cool-uses-of-qr-codes/
History of BarCodes. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.barcodeymbols.com: http://www.barcodesymbols.com/history.htm
History of Barcodes | eHow.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from eHow.com: http://www.ehow.com/about_5076391_history-barcodes.html
How QR codes could save newspapers from obsolence. (n.d.). Retrieved from New Media Byte | Online journalism, web production and promotion: http://www.newmediabytes.com/2008/04/08/how-qr-codes-can-save-newspapers-from-obsolescence/
Punch Cards - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (n.d.). Retrieved from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch_card
QR Code features - QR Code.com. (n.d.). Retrieved from QR Code.com: http://www.denso-wave.com/qrcode/qrfeature-e.html
QR Code Generator. (n.d.). Retrieved from ghacks.net: http://www.ghacks.net/2009/03/22/qr-code-generator/
QR Code Qriousity: Ideas to demonstrate their potential. (n.d.). Retrieved from Ideas in Motion: http://33interactions.com.au/33blog/communications/qr-code-qriousity-ideas-to-demonstrate-their-potential-part-3
QR Codes in Learning | Upside Learning Blog. (n.d.). Retrieved from Upside Learning Blog: http://www.upsidelearning.com/blog/index.php/2009/03/09/qr-codes-in-learning/
QR Stuff - QR Codes For Cell Phones And PDA's. (n.d.). Retrieved from QR Stuff: http://www.qrstuff.com/qr_codes.html
UKOLN | Briefing Documents | An Introduction to QR Codes. (n.d.). Retrieved from UKOLN: http://www.ukoln.ac.uk/cultural-heritage/documents/briefing-61/html/
Uses for QR Codes - Advertising Lab: future of advertising and advertising technology. (n.d.). Retrieved from adverlab.blogspot.com: http://adverlab.blogspot.com/2007/02/uses-for-qr-codes.html
Why QR Codes Will Be Big Business in the U.S. | CenterNetworks. (n.d.). Retrieved from CenterNetworks Website: http://www.centernetworks.com/qr-codes-in-usa

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Math Apptivity Using Qr Codes

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...Maria Rodriguez Colorado University Introduction Medical Economics, a QR code is a two dimensional bar code holding the same information but in a smaller space. QR stands for quick response and was created by a Japanese corporation Denso-Wave in 1994. (Medical Economics, June 25, 2012). The use of the QR code is revolutionizing technology that can be used to provide personal health records for patients, link to online resources and track inventory in offices. In this scenario, the residents of Marin County, California whose population mostly consists of the elderly have heard about a pilot study, but are skeptical about this new “fangled technology”. This population is concerned on whether or not they should participate in this study and have many questions that need answers. The purpose of this research is to help this population understand the advantages and disadvantages of participating in this study, to determine whether or not the use of QR codes and stickers offer promise in emergency situations, and to help this population make the best educated decision. Body The use of technology has come to increase patient safety and quality of care and through the use of QR coding is making information more accessible to people making it easy to be retrieved from any smartphone. The use of QR codes has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, one of the advantages of using QR codes in healthcare is that they get their patients involved in their health through...

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