...Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Abstract • The global pharmaceutical supply chain is very complex and critical to a $650 billion dollar value industry which ensures the world population has necessary medicines. • Manufacturers have the responsibility to produce sufficient quantities of drugs to meet a growing global demand while maintaining quality to ensure safety. • Global and local regulatory agencies around the world have a daunting task to monitor manufacturers, raw material suppliers, and stem counterfeit pharmaceutical production. • Wholesale distributors, importers, and retail pharmacies have a large amount of power in the supply chain as they pull the demand from the manufacturers and provide the medicines to end-consumers. • In a changing industry where there are fewer blockbuster drugs and increasing use of generic offerings, manufacturers as well as participants at all levels of the supply chain must look for areas to improve efficiencies to be profitable in the long-run. Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Analysis 2 Introduction A transparent and efficient pharmaceutical supply chain contributes significantly towards improving the availability of essential medications. The reality across the world is that pharmaceutical supply and distribution consists of different stakeholders from both the public and private sectors to create complex systems. In a heavily regulated field, globalization has placed increasing demands on regulatory agencies to ensure the safety and...
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...sustainability of its supply chain over the past few decades. From a moratorium on soya coming from farms where Amazon rain forests have been destroyed, to developing sustainable fishery guidelines to manage fish quality and quantity, McDonald’s has taken great efforts to “do the right thing” [1]. This commitment to environmental sustainability has impacted how they source from suppliers and manage supply chain management initiatives. With all that McDonald’s has done, there is still room for improvement. Engagement in sustainability efforts with suppliers has generally resulted from a call for change from activists who were negatively impacting brand trust. Acting in the best interest of society by providing healthy food alternatives to well-informed consumers also play a vital role in how the sustainable supply chain is managed. As such, the core problem facing McDonald’s green supply chain management infrastructure is that it is still reactive in nature and will always require a trade-off between societal benefit and cost minimization. One alternative to consider is for McDonald’s to become more proactive at anticipating and managing emerging issues prior to a large-scale publicity and exposure. By doing so, McDonald’s can approach NGOs and interest groups with emergent problems, using the collaborative expertise to resolve potential hotspots before they erupt. This approach simultaneously addresses many concerns. First, by identifying and addressing issues in an anticipatory...
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...Green Supply Chain Management Environment Management Project Group Members: Smruti Ranjan Dora F016 Ishan Mittal F036 Deepankar Mukherjee F037 Pratik Nandekar F040 Akash Pandey F044 Kriti Talwar F064 Contents 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3 2. Globalization and Greening the Supply Chain: ....................................................................................... 3 3. Marks and Spencer ................................................................................................................................. 4 3.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 4 3.2 Supply Chain Understanding ............................................................................................................... 4 (i) Issues ................................................................................................................................................. 4 3.3 Drivers for GSCM................................................................................................................................. 5 (i) ‘Brand Trust’ ...................................................................................................................................... 5 (ii) Operating Cost........................................................
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...intensive sector, social compliance issues regarding workers and employees became the prime concern for the buyers and suppliers nowadays. The sourcing model of global apparel brands within its ethical purchasing and supply chain management functions have been critically analysed to evaluate their effectiveness and value they add throughout their supply chain and in overall organisational operation. This report has emphasised on three key areas such as general sourcing model and its components in the context of global buyer’s perspective i.e. Transnational Corporations, a clear scenario about current ethical situation of Bangladesh’s apparel sector, and relevant supply chain theories and its implications related to ethical purchasing in apparel industries. At the end, a proper conclusion has been given by evaluating all the three sections critically based on the theoretical lens of purchasing and supply chain management. Table of Contents Executive Summary 1 Introduction 3 Section-1: General Discussion on Sourcing and its Components 4 Sourcing and its Role in Supply Chain 4 Sourcing Needs of the Companies and its Impact on Supply Chain 4 Steps of Making Sourcing Decisions by Transnational Corporations 5 Ethical Sourcing 6 Ethical Sourcing by TNCs in Apparel Sector 6 Importance of being Ethical in Sourcing 8 Section-2: Current Situation of Bangladeshi Apparel Sector and its Ethical Perspectives 9 Section-3: Supply Chain Theories and its Implications Related...
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...CONTENTS OUR BUSINESS PAGE 1 OUR SUPPLY CHAIN PAGE 14 OUR ENVIRONMENT PAGE 27 OUR PRODUCTS PAGE 37 OUR COLLEAGUES PAGE 44 OUR COMMUNITY INVESTMENTS PAGE 51 OUR BUSINESS H&M’s business concept is to offer our customers fashion and quality at the best price. At H&M, quality is more than making sure that products meet or exceed our customers’ expectations – it also means that these products should be manufactured under good working conditions and with limited impact on the environment. Taking responsibility for how our operations affect people and the environment is key for H&M’s continued profitability and growth. We are committed to integrating social and environmental concerns into all our business operations and investing in the communities where we work. Our 2008 sustainability report covers our activities in relation to our business operations, our supply chain, our products and how they are produced, our employees and the communities around us. This section provides an overview of our business and its impact, and how we go about integrating Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) into it. GLOBAL BRAND GLOBAL IMPACT AND REACH H&M was established in Sweden in 1947 and today sells clothes, accessories, footwear and cosmetics in more than 1,700 stores in 33 countries and via internet and catalogue sales in Scandinavia, the Netherlands, Germany and Austria. Here, we will also sell home textiles through online and catalogue sales from 2009. H&M also stands behind the brand...
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...from suppliers (including 1st to 3rd tiers). In order to achieve effective supply chain integration, the use of collaboration and coordination among channel partners that share business information, to simplify core processes, streamline cross company operations and reduce consequent channel-wide costs are suggested (Lee & Whang, 2001), (Callioni & Billington, 2001) and (Hammer, 2001) Vertical SCC includes collaboration with customers, internally (across functions) and suppliers. Horizontal SCC includes collaboration with competitors, and non-competitors. In addition, SCC also can be divided into three levels; Strategic, Tactical, and Operational levels. the formation of SCC into 3 categories; Internal-organization factors, Inter-organization and External factors There are many supply chain processes that can be joined between the collaborative partners, for example; planning, scheduling, forecasting, sourcing, production process, delivery process, problem solving, selling, etc. Besides, collaboration can be made by sharing of resources, skill, or knowledge. The success of collaborative efforts cannot be assured unless performance is properly monitored and measured. The collaborative indexes and measurement should be developed and used to determine the success of collaborative efforts and also to identify weakness that need to be improved. 1. Automobile parts manufacturers Tier 1 Who is direct OEM supplier (Original Equipment Market: OEM) and the producer of...
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...meeting customer’s quotas. Operations management has a focus on how goods and services are produced and delivered to customers. Operation managers will be concerned of adding customer value while decreasing waste or increasing costs. 3. What is the difference between operations management and supply chain management? Operations management is primary focused on the inputs and processes required to produce a service or product for a customer. On the other hand, managers over supply chains are tasked with the responsibility of getting the goods or materials to the place of production. A high emphasis on the supply chain managers is getting those raw materials to the operation at the precise time that the materials will be converted by the operation. If the delivery timing is off, an operation will face either shortages or increased inventories. 4. What are the key decisions made by purchasing and logistics managers? The purchasing and logistics managers are keenly focused on decisions regarding the sourcing of inputs or supply materials needed by an organization. Both are concerned with the flow of materials, however purchasing managers are generally responsible for the...
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...An Introduction To Supply Chain Management Commerce Essay The term supply chain management was first coined by a U.S. industry consultant in the early 1980s. However, the concept of a supply chain in management was of great importance long before, in the early 20th century. Supply chain management is the word coined for the effective management of all the partners and the information disseminated between them. Take an example of Dell computers, Micheal Dell cant built his business just by selling the computers to the customers, but he need to see the complex problems of the customers and solve these problems through just in time manufacturing of the product, then how to minimize the wastage in the production then to evaluate what customers are doing and how they can make their production efficiently (NYT 2010), as the manufacturer cannot sell the product at the higher prices than the competitors are selling but through effective management you can actually reduce the cost, so concisely he need to be a master of supply chain management. Before supply chain management there was effective inventory control system exist but due to some pit falls like; no supply chain metrics, inadequate definition of customer service, , organizational barriers, inaccurate delivery status data, simplistic inventory stocking policies, inefficient information systems, ignoring the impact of uncertainties, and an incomplete view of the supply chain (Teigen 1997). There is a need for another system...
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...The Supply System within the United States Navy James S. Reece Webster University Abstract This paper examines the supply system practices of the United States Navy within the context of naval wide fleet support. In today’s ever changing economy it is imperative that our national security forces stay current with practices and procedures of procurement of the finest materials needed to provide worldwide support for our nations warriors on the ground, airborne, and afloat. The supply system in general is a major player in the fight against terrorism, and national security in today’s society and has played this same critical role in many battles of the past. Without the in depth and vast support of the military supply system, we as Americans may not be walking freely as we do today. From the latest advances in weaponry to the nuts and bolts of each ship or aircraft, the naval supply system has proven to be the department responsible for delivering these vital parts to our security afloat and ashore enhancing combat capability. Throughout this paper I will give a brief history and evolution of the Navy Supply Corps, I will discuss the different aspects and missions of the Naval Supply Systems Command (NAVSUP) to include each major supporting supply department, and I will cover the detailed government contracting process that supports the mission readiness of the United States Navy. My ultimate goal for this paper is to provide a base line understanding on the naval supply...
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...their sustainability programmes, many oil companies have invested in local transportation networks or built schools. They provide jobs and by sourcing supplies locally help to develop the local economy. The global oil industry has a responsibility to the countries in which it operates to manage its operations in as sustainable way as possible. A purchasing manager might want to consider whether the supplier behaves responsibly, for example, adhering to ethical standards or sourcing raw materials in an ethical way. For example, Shell is working with its existing suppliers to implement the Shell Supplier Principles. These set out the minimum standards which Shell suppliers need to meet. These include using energy and natural resources as efficiently as possible to minimise impact on the environment and covering health and safety issues. Efficiency Other aspects of sustainable business include managing waste effectively and reducing the company’s carbon footprint. This can be improved by choosing suppliers who also take their responsibilities towards environmental impact seriously. For example, Marks & Spencer made £70 million of efficiency savings during 2010/11. Alongside reductions in waste and packaging and increased energy efficiency, the company is working with suppliers to reduce carbon emissions in the supply chain by improving efficiency of deliveries. Roles and skills Although engineering and technical roles are crucial in the oil and gas industry, oil companies...
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...approach Transformational solutions Environment Operating responsibly Responsible supply chain – Our approach We work with our suppliers to help them meet our ethical, health and safety, social and environmental standards and improve their performance through monitoring, assessments and engagement. We spend billions of pounds each year on equipment and services that enable us to operate our network and on products such as mobile phones, SIM cards and other devices that we sell to our customers. We demand high ethical, health and safety, social and environmental standards of all our suppliers. These are set out in our Code of Ethical Purchasing (http://vodafone.com/ content/dam/group/suppliers/downloads/VPC_Supplier Policy_A2_Code_of_ Ethical_Purchasing_(V3.0).pdf) and integrated from the initial qualification process all the way through to managing our suppliers’ performance. We conduct regular site assessments to ensure compliance with the Code and we work directly with our suppliers to help improve their sustainability performance. To target improvements further down the supply chain, we require our suppliers to demand similar standards of their own suppliers and check this through audits and performance management processes. We participate in industry initiatives to raise standards across the sector. Read on to find out more about our approach to this issue. Or go to the Performance section to read about our progress in 2014/15. Becoming...
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...Background: IKEA was founded by Ingvar Kamprad who embedded his strongly held values and beliefs in IKEA’s culture. IKEA was created out of Kamprad’s family kitchen selling goods such as fountain pens, cigarette lighters and binders that later turned into a catalog business operations selling furniture. In developing IKEA’s furniture retailing business model, Kamprad was confronted with a cartel of furniture manufacturers that kept prices high by controlling the Swedish industry. This issue later became the vision of the company “creating a better life for the many people”. IKEA also introduced their key feature of self-assembled furniture where customers bought furniture in flat packages and put them together at home. This was known as the “knockdown” concept that allowed IKEA to save on transportation and storage costs. Conflict with the cartel of furniture manufacturers in Sweden forced IKEA to source materials from abroad. To maintain IKEA’s quality and delivery, IKEA taught their processes and provided machinery to their suppliers in Poland. After expanding their suppliers globally, IKEA created a general procurement principle that that stated IKEA should develop close ties by supporting its suppliers with a long-term relationship. By the mid-1990s IKEA worked with 2,300 suppliers in 70 countries. IKEA has 24 trading service offices in 19 countries that monitor production, test new product ideas, negotiate prices, and check quality. Since 1980’s IKEA has been looked upon in regard...
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...Supply Chain Management There are many aspects of business today. The most important and most expensive is not manufacturing and production cost. Today the most expensive aspects of any product is getting the product to the consumer and make sure that at all time the customer can purchase the product without delay. To consider the fact the forty five percent of purchases that are not necessary but spontaneous; those product must be seen and readily available to purchase. Even the ones that are necessary must be seen and ready for purchase or it may result in a poor overview of the company and may result in the loss of consumer support. To make sure that this does not a cure a company must have in place a very well managed supply chain. For this to happen the company must first understand what is the definition of a supply chain the six important aspects, certain software and of course some knowledge of global supply chain management. If there is an interest in becoming a supply chain manager there are certain steps in achieving that goal. This information might help not only ones professional career but also the company’s overall level of competitiveness in today’s ever changing market place In today’s complex business world, an organization’s overall success is based on the efficiency and effectiveness of its supply chain. The organization’s competitive strength relies on two main facets, a firm’s products and the processes that provide products to customers. An effective...
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...387 From supply chains to value chains: A spotlight on CSR Malika Bhandarkar and Tarcisio Alvarez-Rivero* 1. Introduction Corporate social responsibility (CSR)1 has become a hot topic in boardrooms across the world. Changes in corporate value systems are being driven by pressures from different actors, including governments, consumers, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and institutional investors (diagram 1). Multinational corporations (MNCs) have operations spread across the globe, relying on both foreign affiliates and arm’s-length suppliers arrayed along global supply chains, many of which encompass developing countries. What then does the growing CSR movement mean for developing country producers? The chapter addresses this question. Diagram 1 Institutional Investor Tier I Tier II Tie r III NonGovernmental Organization Multinational Corporation Supply Chain, consisting of: Consumer Government CSR has relevance to many facets of a corporation’s operations. Strong CSR policies can help to recruit the right people for the job, keep attrition rates low by promoting a “feel good” quotient, improve corporate image, prepare for future regulation, empower “soft” laws (Vogel, 2005, p.162), appease green customers, and convince institutional investors that the corporation is following sustainable practices that positively impact the bottom line. * Policy Integration and Analysis Branch, Division for Sustainable Development, UNDESA...
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...Solectron Supply Chain Management Best Practice Background Solectron was founded in 1977 as the as the “Solar Energy Company”, and originally produced solar energy products. Today it is a worldwide provider of electronics manufacturing services to original equipment manufacturers (OEM’s). The company provides customized, integrated manufacturing services that span all three stages of the product life cycle, including pre-manufacturing, manufacturing, and post-manufacturing (see Table 1). These servies are now integrated to the point where Solectron is now responsible for all supply chain processes associated with sourcing parts, building, and distribution of electronics and systems for almost every major OEM customer in the industry. A list of primary OEM customers is shown in Table 2, which spans the telecommunication, networking, computer systems, peripherals, semiconductors, consumer electronics, industrial equipment, medical electronics, avionics, and automotive electronics industries. These industries are in different stages of maturity, with network manufacturers fairly new, and computer systems fairly mature. The diversity of major customers in this list is testimony to their success. In 1991, Solectron won the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award, reflecting the high level of performance achieved within this company. The company has also been honored with more than 100 recognition awards, 25 of which were received this year (see Table 3). The...
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