...Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder. English term schizophrenia comes from two Greek words that mean “split mind” it was found in 1908 by Eugene Bleuler Swiss doctor. Main characteristic of schizophrenia splitting apart of mental functions. Schizophrenia is a group of disorders, which affects thinking, emotions, behavior. Most of the people who diagnosed with schizophrenia disorder may have enhanced perceptions of sounds, and colors. There are two different types of such disorder type one and type two. It is split in to five different subtypes Paranoid, Disorganized, Catatonic, Undifferentiated, and Residual. Schizophrenia is one of the mental disorders that is more common in one racial group than the other, and have different effect on the person according to their racial group. Many times schizophrenia is misdiagnosed with autism especially in children by the persistence of hallucinations and delusions for at least six months, and a later age of onset seven years old. Children with schizophrenia is educated in special schools where they get extra help and surrounded with the faculty that trained to work with children that have mental disorders. When it comes to outside world people might be discriminated against because of schizophrenia, there for law were created to protect you if you are schizophrenic. There is a lot of treatments and medication to treat such disorder but actual cure is not found. ...
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...Culture and Disease Schizophrenia has many different effects on a person’s ability to lead a normal life. This disease is found in all cultures throughout the world. Both genders are equally affected. However not all individuals with schizophrenia obtain treatment, in spite of the severity of the disorder. Introduction Schizophrenia is a severe brain disease that interferes with normal brain and mental function-it can trigger hallucinations, delusions, and paranoia. Without treatment, schizophrenia affects the ability to think clearly and interact appropriately with other people. There are three different kinds of symptoms: Positive Symptoms such as hallucinations, delusions and racing thoughts, negative symptoms such as apathy, lack of emotion, poor or nonexistent social functioning or inability to respond to different situations and cognitive symptoms which mainly include disorganized thoughts, difficulty concentrating and/or following instructions( medsinfo). Genetic Factors The symptoms of schizophrenia are very similar across many different cultures however the members of racial/ethnic minority groups are less likely to access mental health service. Caucasians show a higher rate of schizophrenia diagnosis because they access mental health services and are evaluated (Anglin para1). In the Caucasian population the genetic traits are what make this population vulnerable to the disease of schizophrenia. Genes have an effect on the external and internal factors that...
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...sample of foster children where ICD-9 code diagnoses were coded into seven diagnostic categories based on the corresponding DSM-IV TR codes: 1) Bipolar disorders, 2) Other mood disorders, 3) Psychotic disorders, 4) Disruptive disorders (including ADHD, Conduct Disorder, Intermittent Explosive Disorder, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Disruptive Behavior Disorder Not Otherwise Specified, Impulse Control Disorder Not Elsewhere Classified), 5) Developmental disorders, 6) Anxiety disorders, including PTSD, and 7) Other psychiatric disorders, including personality disorders and adjustment disorders. Clinical diagnoses were assigned by the treating clinician and represent standard practice. I used this data base to show the prevalence in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive disorder in comparison of African American to Caucasian foster children. The Participants Two samples for this study were drawn from the Illinois Department of Healthcare and Family Services Medicaid payment database. This database is maintained through interagency agreements between the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services (DCFS), DHFS, and the University of Illinois at Chicago Department of Psychiatry. The data included claims for all medical and psychiatric services including hospitalizations and outpatient visits rendered to foster children. Gender and race/ethnicity data were obtained from a separate DCFS database and linked with Medicaid payment information through the use of the Medicaid...
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...Schizophrenia is a serious disorder which affects how a person thinks, feels and acts. Someone with schizophrenia may have difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is imaginary; may be unresponsive or withdrawn; and may have difficulty expressing normal emotions in social situations. Contrary to public perception, schizophrenia is not split personality or multiple personality. The vast majority of people with schizophrenia are not violent and do not pose a danger to others. Schizophrenia is not caused by childhood experiences, poor parenting or lack of willpower, nor are the symptoms identical for each person. What causes schizophrenia? The cause of schizophrenia is still unclear. Some theories about the cause of this disease include: genetics (heredity), biology (the imbalance in the brain’s chemistry); and/or possible viral infections and immune disorders. Genetics (Heredity). Scientists recognize that the disorder tends to run in families and that a person inherits a tendency to develop the disease. Schizophrenia may also be triggered by environmental events, such as viral infections or highly stressful situations or a combination of both. Similar to some other genetically-related illnesses, schizophrenia appears when the body undergoes hormonal and physical changes, like those that occur during puberty in the teen and young adult years. Chemistry. Genetics help to determine how the brain uses certain chemicals. People with schizophrenia have a chemical...
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...Chp 15 Notes Defining Psychological Disorders Psychological disorder - a syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition, emotion regulation, or behavior Disturbed, or dysfunctional thoughts, emotions, or behaviors are maladaptive - they interfere with normal day-to-day life. Understanding Psychological Disorders Medical Model Brutal treatments may worsen, rather than improve, mental health. Philippe Pinel opposed such brutal treatments. He insisted that sickness of the mind is caused by severe stress and inhumane conditions. Curing them requires “moral treatment’” including boosting patients’ moral by unchaining them and talking with them. Medical model - the concept that diseases, in this case psychological disorders, have physical causes that can be diagnosed, treated, and in more cases, cured, often through treatment in a hospital Biopsychosocial Approach The biopsychosocial approach emphasizes that mind and body are inseparable. Negative emotions contribute to physical illness, and physical abnormalities contribute to negative emotions. Epigenetics - the study of environmental influences on gene expression that occur without a DNA change Classifying Disorders & Labeling People Classification aims to: * Predict the disorder’s future course * Suggest appropriate treatment * Prompt research into causes DSM-5 - the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of...
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...INTRO: Abnormal psychology merely defined as behavior that is other than normal. However, other aspects have to be taken into account before an individual is categorized as normal; their culture, religion, and mind/body have significant effects on behavior. (Josh Part) Culture can be described as a representation of ones background and heritage, the views of music, art, and food are all taken into account when viewing an individual’s culture. Culture is actually a psychological word that describes a range of learned behaviors according individuals ethnic and social beliefs. There are variances in the understanding of abnormal behavior among different cultures. Which has an influence on how abnormalities are diagnosed and treated in the field of psychology. For example, in China an abnormality called the neurasthenia or shenjing shuairuo, which is responsible for over half of their population’s psychiatric issues. The symptoms for Shenjing Shuairuo are difficulty concentrating and sleeping, mental or physical exhaustion, and physical pains. Along with the mental and physical aspects, there are many neurological symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, and memory loss. This disorder is itemized on the (CCMD-2), which is the Chinese Classification of mental disorders, but it is not included on the western classification, (DSM) American diagnostic classification system for mental disorders (Parker, 2011). However, when the symptoms are analyzed in accordance with the DSM-IV...
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...Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a mental disorder often characterized by abnormal social behavior and failure to recognize what is real. Common symptoms include false beliefs, unclear or confused thinking, auditory hallucinations, reduced social engagement and emotional expression, inactivity, as well as others. It is one of the most disabling and emotionally devastating illnesses known to man. Diagnosis is based on observed behavior and the person's reported experiences. There are four different causes of schizophrenia and there are different ways to treat it however there is no cure for this disease. People who take medicine for it are able to lead normal fulfilling lives. The causes of Schizophrenia are substance abuse, developmental factors, genetic, and environmental. Alcohol, amphetamines, cocaine, and marijuana are used by more than half of all people with Schizophrenia. Developmental factors can include things such as malnutrition in the mother during fetal development, hypoxia, stress, and infection. Also most people with Schizophrenia are born in winter or spring. Around 80% of people that have Schizophrenia had parents that also had the disease. If one of the parents had the disease, the chance for developing or being born with it increases by 13% and if both parents had it then the chances increase to 50%. The last way to get the disease is by environmental factors. These include the living environment, drug use and prenatal stressors. Other factors that...
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...The aim of this literature review is to explore factors that will determine whether race increases the frequency in diagnosis of schizophrenia or not and will look at factors that influence the diagnostic procedures. It will firstly provide the rationale of undertaking literature review. 1.2 Rationale The researcher’s interest in the topic is personal as a person from Black African background and from her observations during clinical placements. The researcher observed that a high proportion of Black services users had diagnosis of schizophrenia. A day spent on PICU ward made her realise that indeed there was indeed an over presentation of black service users especially males. From the previous numerous studies about the disparities in mental...
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...Schizophrenia is a mental disorder involving the breakdown of thought processes and emotional responsiveness, and symptoms can range from paranoia and disorganized thoughts to more severe Hallucinations and delusions.Often confused in the public eye, Schizophrenia is not a split personality disorder or a "multiple personality disorder", it is best described as a "splitting of mental functions. The history of schizophrenia has not been particularly easy to record. First off, the word schizophrenia was used to describe the separation of function between thinking, personality, perception, and memory. Some scientists believe that the disease has always existed, only to be used as a diagnosis in the early 1900s. Before the modern term came to...
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...crucial to determine information about the client. In addition, assessment will provide information that will help know the best design of plan that is best for the client (Murphy, & Dillon, 2003). The information needed from the assessment include the identification of the client, the clients demographic information, information regarding the clients concern, health, and biological factors information just to mention a few. 2.1. Identifying and demographic information The information below is for the client Rosemary Hans who needs help to see her son diagnosed by schizophrenia go back to college. Name: Rosemary Hans Age: 41 Gender: Female Relationship status: married Religion: committed Christian Racial Identities: Africa-American Employment: High school teacher Education: university first degree in education 2.2. Presenting problem Rosemary’s son Thomas has been diagnosed by Schizophrenia after she took him for diagnosis immediately he dropped out of the college. He hallucinates, and can not go out of the house to play with friends or attend parties across the street. Rosemary explains further that Thomas spends most of the time in the house, and...
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...various parts of the world. There is growing interest by researchers on issues of mental health and how these have impacted on society. As it is an important health topic, researchers have done extensive research and now, there is diverse knowledge on health illnesses in Canada. This paper analyzes mental illnesses in the Canada by dwelling on the history of mental illnesses, statistics of mental illnesses and impact of mental illnesses on Canadian population and government as a whole in terms of managing the condition. Statistics Mental disorders are common conditions internationally, and this is the same in Canada. Estimates reveal that 26.2 million Canadians over 18 years suffer from Schizophrenia mental illnesses. In any particular year, 1 in 4 adults are diagnosed with a Schizophrenia mental condition. The problem is so major that currently, mental disorders are a top disability cause in Canada for ages between 16 and 44. These are very alarming statistics. Even though the figures are high, the burden of illness affects a small proportion of the population, that is, a population of about 6%...
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...Schizophrenia LaSandra Holmes Walden University PSYC- 1001-8 Dr. Mary Campbell Introduction Schizophrenia is a serious and challenging mental illness that affects more than two million Americans today. Schizophrenia is a psychosis characterized by delusions, hallucinations, apathy, and a “split” between thoughts and emotions. People who have this disorder emotion may become blunted or very inappropriate (Coon & Mitterer, 2013). It has been misused and misunderstood for so long until it receives little attention, and people who suffer from it are deservingly stigmatized. Schizophrenia is not a split personality, but it is a rare and very different disorder. Individuals who display split personalities are known to have a dissociative disorder not schizophrenia. It’s a relatively common disease and has a biological basis with an estimated one percent to one and a half percent of the U. S. population being diagnosed with it over a period of their lives. Also, it is a treatable disease, in which, those affected by it can get therapy and medication. This will allow them to live successful and productive. Schizophrenia Symptoms: There are five types of symptoms characteristics of schizophrenia that individuals may portray. They are delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized behavior, and ‘negative’ symptoms. However, these signs and symptoms of schizophrenia don’t affect each person the same. Not every person with it will experience all of these symptoms...
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...n: Philosophy and Psychology Mood Disorders: Causes, Effects and Treatment Mood Disorders: Causes, Effects and Treatment Robert Baker Psychology GE1116 Dr. Angela Isom November 30, 2009 Mood Disorders: Causes, Effects and Treatments In today’s society, people seem to have a lot of problems that are classified as mental disorders. These disorders include: depression, schizophrenia, bipolar, and even seasonal affective disorder (SAD). The immediate stigma that is placed on most if not all mood disorders is that they are sicknesses. In the case of depression, this is not to confuse depression, a normal emotion with biological depression, an illness. Further along this line of irrational thought is the belief that they are not treatable and the person affected is in some way, shape or form disconnected from civilization as we know it. In this research paper, we will attempt to destroy these unfair stereotypes on this subject, attempt to rationalize the behaviors, and shed light on treatments for the various disorders. The research gathered will attempt to understand and answer these questions: 1. What are mood disorders and their symptoms? 2. What are the causes? 3. How can the stigma of mood disorders be removed? 4. What forms of treatment are the most successful? What Are Mood Disorders And Their Symptoms? In order to get a good idea of what causes mood...
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...PSYCHOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA To read up on biological explanations of schizophrenia, refer to pages 397–408 of Eysenck’s A2 Level Psychology. Ask yourself * How would the psychodynamic approach explain schizophrenia? * How would the behavioural approach explain schizophrenia? * How would the cognitive approach explain schizophrenia? What you need to know PSYCHODYNAMIC EXPLANATION | COGNITIVE EXPLANATIONS | SOCIO-CULTURAL EXPLANATIONS | * Freud’s explanation of the factors involved in the development of schizophrenia | * Based on the assumption that cognitive impairments play a role in the development and maintenance of schizophrenia | * Life events * Interpersonal communication within families * Social causation hypothesis | Psychodynamic explanation According to the psychodynamic approach, abnormality is caused when trauma from unresolved conflict between the id, ego, and superego is repressed into the unconscious and this causes regression to an earlier stage of psychosexual development. (see A2 Level Psychology pages 397–399 for a more detailed review of the psychosexual stages and fixation and regression). Fixation and regression mean that the ego is not fully developed and so the individual may be dominated by the id or the superego, and because the ego is weak the individual will lack a sound basis in reality. The psychodynamic explanation suggests most schizophrenics experienced very harsh childhood environments...
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...American Psychology Association Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice and Policy (2011) Marian Reiff, Dorothy, M. Castille, KristinaMuenzenmaier, & Bruce Link Topic of the study: Childhood Abuse and the Content of Adult Psychotic Symptom Fathimath Shafa (3249) Abnormal Psychology -PSYCHOLOGY 4501 Missouri University of Science and Technology Dr. Mojgan Shadbash Psy.D., Clinical Psychology, Germany 1. Introduction Childhood sexual abuse and childhood physical abuse have been regarded as to cause psychotic symptoms or schizophrenia. The symptoms of previous trauma starts to display in adulthood. This particular research explores the connection between childhood abuse and the content of adult psychotic symptoms. The researcher managed to explain this relationship in multiple pathways despite the complexity of the body. About 54% of the schizophrenic patients reported having sexually abused during childhood and it is important to know how the psychotic symptoms might be related to early traumatic events considering the high prevalence rate. This research accommodates some of the other researches done on this area, in one of the research, they have mentioned specific approaches that were used to investigate the association between psychotic symptoms and the two subjects. Psychotic symptoms have been linked to range of severe experiences of childhood sexual abuse such ass malevolence, sexual themes, and olfactory sensations. Moreover, it contains...
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