...discuss a victim of a sexual assault who did not report the act to her local police department immediately after it occurred, but has now sought the advice of legal consultation to find out her rights and if she could sue the offender for damages or pursue criminal prosecution as a result of the attack. Just in case the victim was afraid to report the assault she needs to know the Rape Shield Law expressly rule out the use of evidence of a victim's past sexual history to weaken that victim's credibility. This law is intended to protect victims from invasions of their privacy, and to encourage them to come forward without having to fear that their sexual history being used against them to hinder their case in any possible way [ (LaMance, 2011) ]. Being a Victim of a Sexual Assault After researching the issue of rape and victims’ rights it appears this will be a hard case to prove in both the civil and criminal courts systems. The accusation of rape usually comes down to he said, she said testimonies and because of that rape is a very sensitive subject to be addressed [ (Hill, 2012) ]. Rape is an assault that is so easily committed and often the term is misused and abused by people who want to get back at a spouse or lover. Some people even engage in consensual sex and when things don’t turn out the way they like they claim to be raped. These kinds of situations make it hard for people who have really been the victim of an actual sexual assault. To pursue a civil...
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...Politics, and Economics and Jon A. Shields, the associate professor of government at Claremont McKenna College claim that in spite of previous efforts to reduce the rates of sexual assault they are actually increasing. Richardson and Shields believe that the current standard for handling sexual assault cases is inefficient and often more traumatic for the victim than the crime itself. Such cases are often handled by a selection of staff and students of the victim’s college who have...
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...The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Word Count: 3,027 Abstract Acquaintance rape, commonly referred to as "date rape," is sweeping across college campuses throughout the United States. Described as nonconsensual sexual contact achieved by force, manipulation or coercion between two people who know each other, it is a form of sexual violence that had been given little attention prior to the 1980’s. Recent studies indicate that one in four female college students will be the victim of acquaintance rape at some time during four years of college making it the fastest growing crime against females in college institutions. However, because there are widespread false impressions among all college students that acquaintance rape does not exist, is not “really rape” or is not a serious crime, many believe that it is not as traumatic to the victim as rape by someone unknown to them. These erroneous beliefs often leave the victims of acquaintance rape more devastated than the rape action itself. The purpose of this paper is to examine the facts surrounding female acquaintance rape on college campuses and the role that crisis intervention techniques play in the recovery from an experience that many experts describe as crippling. The Impact of Acquaintance Rape for Female College Students Every two minutes someone in the United States is raped, and the chance of the victim being a female college student is four times greater than that of any...
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...Rape Prevention Programs Patricia A. Saylor Criminal Justice 305 Crime Prevention Instructor Spinks August 10, 2015 Abstract This paper serves to inform the Philadelphia City jurisdiction of rape prevention programs that would be suitable for implementation in their jurisdiction. It will discuss trends in three major cities as well as nationwide trends. It also discusses costs of implementation and effectiveness of the programs. The paper asks vital questions and provides answers. There will be graphs and statistical data represented on the current and past trends in regards to forcible rape from the year 2002 to 2012. The three major cities focused on are Houston, TX; New York, NY; and Los Angeles, CA. The jurisdiction the programs are best suited to would be major cities such as these. The program addresses law enforcement in the adult justice system. The paper will explain predicted outcomes for both the short and long term. Keywords: Rape, Rape Prevention, UCR statistics This paper serves to inform the Philadelphia City jurisdiction of rape prevention programs that would be suitable for implementation in their jurisdiction. These programs are aimed at addressing law enforcement in both the adult and juvenile justice systems. Forcible rape is a violent crime against an individual. Forcible rape is also one of the most difficult crimes to track because not every person who has been raped files charges. Cities with a high population such as Philadelphia...
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...A Crime Gone Unreported There are a large number of unreported rapes in the United States. “63% of completed rapes, 65% of attempted rapes, and 74% of completed and attempted sexual assaults against females were not reported to the police” between 1992 and 2000 (Rennison, 2002). The fear of retaliation, the fear of embarrassment, and the thought that telling anyone would not help are the most prevalent reasons why victims do not reach out. Rape is the act of sexual intercourse with another individual without their consent, with force or the threat of some kind of harm. Rape, which is also known as sexual assault in some jurisdictions, is underreported and under prosecuted. According to RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network) which uses statistics from the U.S. Department of Justice’s National Crime Victimization Survey, ”every 2 minutes someone in the United States is sexually assaulted and each year there are about 213,000 victims of sexual assault” ("How often does," 2009). As previously stated, 63% of completed rapes against females were not reported to the police. The reasons differ for every man or woman that has been faced with this situation, but what I see to be the most reoccurring reasons are personal reasons and those that include embarrassment, the fear of retaliation, and the thought that if they did report the crime they would have to endure the courts and police procedures. In other countries, a women who is raped can be exiled out of their family...
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...Study Guide Criminology Social structure theory- a theory that explains crime by reference to some aspect of the social fabric. Broken window thesis- a perspective on crime causation that holds that physical deterioration in an area leads to increased concerns for personal safety among area residents and to higher crime rates in that area. Crime mapping- hot spots (where the crime is) Walter Miller found that trouble is a dominant feature of lower class culture. (True) Violence more expectable in the south Techniques of neutralization- criminal offenders deny responsibility for their behavior. The concept of co-offending refers to the fact that youthful offenders tend to commit crimes in the company of their peers. They found that communities characterized by high rates of delinquency do not necessarily experience exceptionally high rates of crime or of gang related homicides. (True) Although the large majority of people growing up in inner city poverty ridden areas, for example, probably experience an inequitable opportunity structure firsthand, only a relatively small number of those people become criminal. (True) Cloward and Ohlin observed that legitimate opportunities are generally available to individuals born into middle class culture, participants in lower class subcultures are often denied access to them. African Americans are disproportionately represented in the homicide statistics as both victims and offenders. Nonprimary homicides involve victims and...
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...MASSIE CASE do any of the witnesses contradict each other, or themselves? Yes, because the main character Thalia claimed that she was raped by 5 men and that it was too dark to even notice their face or the vehicle, because it was too dark it's surprising that she even claimed that the 5 men were local hawaiians instead of 5 white men. What important details are missing, and how might you go about looking for them? Some important details that are missing are DNA to show that she was raped by that ethnic or anyone, beside the fact that she did drink a lot and they caused scenes, and also when she went to go see a UH psychologists and after a session with him the psychologists said that she was a disturbed young lady. What information is missing? There is a bunch of information that is missing like where she was kidnapped, because she doesn't even remember where at because the fact she was walking down a dirt road, A couple witnessed that thalia walked away with another white man, which wasn't her husband. How would you describe the news coverage at the time of the incident? Cite examples. News coverage was huge, because it was a white woman claiming that she had been raped by 5 z local hawaiians and samoans. It was so huge it was known across the nation from hawaii to the e east coast and back. It was on the news...
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... 2012 CJ 3345-XTIB 12/T3 Mrs. Kappeler Rape and the Different Types According to Siegel (2012), Under traditional common-law definitions, rape involves nonconsensual sexual intercourse that a male performs against a female he is neither married to nor cohabitating with. Rape is a major problem that many of us Americans are facing today. (p.339) There are so many people today whose lives are changed forever because of being raped. We have to protect ourselves and loved ones from being one of those victims. There have been many ways to try and stop the victims from becoming victims, but it is still going on in today’s society. Some of the types of rape range from gang, serial, date, acquaintance, statutory, and marital. They differ in how, who, and when the victim is being raped. In this paper I am going to be explaining what is rape and the different types that are found in today’s criminal justice system. Rape started back in the Middle Ages where it was common from men to find women to take and rape them. According to Siegel (2012), During the Middle Ages, it was common for ambitious men to abduct and rape wealthy women in an effort to force them into marriage.(p.339) Rape is not only when a man rapes a women, but it can be a man over a man or women over man or another woman. As time passed from the Middle Ages, rape has affected many people in the world. There are many laws that are out now to protect victims to help make sure...
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...murder, is rape (Byers 47). As defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary rape is unlawful sexual intercourse carried out by force. Despite rape being an abominable crime more than half of all victims do not report their rape to authority (Byers 47). Of those victims who do report ninety percent are women (“Scope of”). Among those women, one in five are victims of sexual assault in college (Kutner 31). However, colleges are not doing enough to protect their female student body. The Center for Public Integrity has reported that only ten to twenty-five percent of these campus rapist will be expelled from school in fear that the school's reputation would be tarnish...
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...Patriarchy is best defined as control by men. The opposite is matriarchy which means women are in charge and the head of families. Obviously, the culture of the United States and most other countries is patriarchal. Men have the power and control the women. If you don't believe that consider the basics of how our society functions. Women constantly must fight for their rights and sometimes they struggle just to survive without the power and domination of men threatening them. Whether an individual woman wants to conquer patriarchy will come from her desire to be independent and defined outside the context of men. Look to most world leaders to see how powerful patriarchy is. Women are certainly as capable as men to be President of the United States, yet they are not and probably won't be any time soon. Men have been in that role for so long that our country probably does not believe it is possible. Consider who is typically at the head of a company or leaders in local governments. While certainly more women are fulfilling these roles, it is a constant struggle for the ones who are able to achieve that success with men having much more power just by their biological nature. Men have not had to fight for their place in society like women have. It has been an expectation that they will become leaders because that is what patriarchy is about. Much of patriarchy also has its roots in Christianity. Religions which believe the Bible or other religious text often follow it faithfully...
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...violence, so it deserves its own chapter. 2. What is the original (Latin) word for rape? -Rapere a. What was the original meaning? -to seize or obtain by force 3. Today, how can rape be applied to female perpetrators? -women raping women and women raping men 4. Regarding sexual harassment, men and women do not always agree on the definition. Explain. 2 POINTS -Females might see it as sexual harassment, but men might see it as clowning around, horseplay or harmless seduction. FYI- I teach Sex Crimes Investigation for our local police academy, as well as for Bossier Parish. The information contained in this chapter is generic to the United States and NOT specific to Louisiana. In fact, it is hard for me not to go into a full-blown lecture to bring you up to speed on Louisiana law. But, I'll refrain since that is not the purpose of this chapter. 5. List all 5 of the terms the text categorizes as rape. -sexual assault, sexual battery, criminal sexual conduct, forcible rape, and sexual harassment 6. What is the rape shield law? -make evidence of the woman’s past sexual behavior inadmissible in court 7. What was the ruling in Coker v. Georgia (1977)? -that the raping of an adult female was no longer serious enough to warrant a penalty of death. 8. Most rape victims view the act of rape as much more than an assault on their bodies. How do they view rape?...
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...Federal Lawsuits and Sexual Assault: Wider Implications Senjon S. Vann Professor Mark B. Pullin, J.D. Legal Aspects of Business I - Law 304 (21106) 18OCT2011 Introduction When lawsuits occur on a federal level, a degree of national notoriety is common. The media seizes on the most controversial and/or disturbing cases, and public reaction becomes an actual presence in the trial process. Even as courts and juries enact protections to preserve the integrity of the trial procedure, it is then inevitable that the public is reaching conclusions of its own, which must go to radically affecting the lives of those concerned. In cases of sexual assault, it appears that a verdict of innocent is by no means an end to the defendant's ordeal, for the widespread knowledge of the accusations may easily create virtually unlivable circumstances for the acquitted party. In other words, in cases when federal lawsuits involve the horrific aspects of sexual abuse, it seems that the damage from the process provides a form of punishment for even those found innocent. This is illustrated in a comparison of two recent federal lawsuits centered on sexual assault. If the trial and subsequent prison sentence placed on convicted rapist Warren Jeffs served to appease a public eager to see him punished, so too has that same, public feeling rendered life for Julian Wendrow, found innocent of the charge of raping his teenage daughter, extremely difficult. In the arena of sex...
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...voice heard or unheard have an opinion it. Can death penalty check the occurrence of a heinous crime like rape? Death penalty is define as punishment of execution. Meanwhile, all kind of rapist means all type of person who commit rapes (Oxford University Press, 2013). The death penalty is conduct by two ways- Hang-strangled to death and electric chair which will give a shock punishment to the executant until he died. The recent article from the Business Time proof that this case is still being discussed. Now, in the wake of the gang rape and murder of a woman in Delhi last month that sparked widespread protests, the debate is raging in India: Should rapists be added to those 300? Should the world’s largest democracy extend the application of the death penalty to those criminals at a time when most other nations that still use capital punishment are moving away from it?; … ( Amruta Gayathri, 2013) Problem/ thesis statement The standing arguments against death penalty is that it includes all type of rapist. Insane people and drunk people should not be subjected to this death penalty as they are committing rapes with an unconscious mind. Not only that, sometimes people lodge fake report that they have been raped and some innocent people are being arrests. The next angle of my argument is that death penalty will not end rapes. Finally, death penalty itself will fail the law institution. Death penalty is very cruel and it should be discarded. I disagree on this topic and people...
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...Some of these key such as prison violence, prison rape and the drug policy issues are negative and does affect the prison. On the issue of prison violence, over the years, prison violence has been on the rise. This has causes major changes within the prions system, such as implementing strategies to control the prisoners and their criminal behaviors. Prison rape also has continues to rise. This issue has been will probably continue to exist. This is because the prison officials have yet to be able to control this kind of activity. Another issue that has been affects the prison system is the sentencing that are being handed out for drug charges. This has cause the prisons to be overcrowded. Prison Violence on the Rise Prison violence is on the rise, many prison conditions are a recipe for violence, by being overcrowded, understaffed, insufficient staff training, excessive solitary confinement, insecure facilities, mistreatment of mentally ill inmates, policies that weaken family ties, a culture of disrespect between staff and prisoners, and little accountability for wardens. These facilities are causing concern not only for inmates but, for those employed to supervise the convicted offenders. Inmate population continue to grow, staffing levels in most facilities either have stopped or decreased. Violence has increased in the prisons that carry these conditions. Inmates experience rape by other prisoners and staff, gang rape, gang violence, and excessive force from officers...
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...Constitutional Law: Feminist Critiques of Public/Private Distinction By Frances Olsen INTRODUCTION Frances Olsen (born on February 4, 1945) is a professor of law at UCLA. She teaches Feminist Legal Theory, Dissidence & Law, Family Law, and Torts. Feminist Legal Theory is just over a decade old in the United States and is even younger in most other countries. Here, Frances Olsen presents one of her articles from within this burgeoning field. The topic of “private/public” has been actively debated in various scholarly discourses for many years. The factors such as the protection of individual decisional autonomy (private) from state regulation (public), and the preservation of communal interests (public) vis-à-vis personal pursuits (private) creates a conceptual tension. The present article particularly deals with the attempts of the female critiques/ advocates to challenge and even eliminate the distinction between private and public spheres. Frances Olsen presents the arguments of the feminists’ critiques of the public private divide that in many situations, this divide disadvantages women and the institutions with which women are traditionally associated such as the family. The author further says that by classifying family as ‘private’ the public private distinction often serve to shield abuse such as domestic violence. Domestic violence is illegal in every state. However, confusion about whether this is a public or private problem has not disappeared. I...
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