...Ethos, Pathos, and Logos Whenever you read an argument you must ask yourself, "is this persuasive? And if so, to whom?" There are several ways to appeal to an audience. Among them are appealing to logos, ethos and pathos. These appeals are prevalent in almost all arguments. To Appeal to Logic (logos) | To Develop Ethos | To Appeal to Emotion (pathos) | Theoretical, abstract language Literal and historical analogies Definitions Factual data and statistics Quotations Citations from experts and authorities Informed opinions | Language appropriate to audience and subject Restrained, sincere, fair minded presentation Appropriate level of vocabulary Correct grammar | Vivid, concrete language Emotionally loaded language Connotative meanings Emotional examples Vivid descriptions Narratives of emotional events Emotional tone Figurative language | | Effect | | Evokes a cognitive, rationale response | Demonstrates author's reliability, competence, and respect for the audience's ideas and values through reliable and appropriate use of support and general accuracy | Evokes an emotional response | Definitions Logos: The Greek word logos is the basis for the English word logic. Logos is a broader idea than formal logic--the highly symbolic and mathematical logic that you might study in a philosophy course. Logos refers to any attempt to appeal to the intellect, the general meaning of "logical argument." Everyday arguments rely heavily...
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...3-12 Reading Strategies 3-12 Reading Strategies __________________________________________________________________________________ VIRGINIA P. ROJAS Language Education Consultant (732) 940-1860 VPRojas@aol.com 3-12 Reading Strategies Anticipation Guides (Barton & Heidema, 2000) - Anticipation guides have two columns labeled ‘me’ and ‘text.’ Before reading the text, students place a check next to any statement with which they agree. After reading the text, students compare their opinions with information contained in the text. Examples: An example for a math anticipation guide on statistics might look like the following: Me ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Text ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. There are several kinds of averages for a set of data. 2. The mode is the middle number in a set of data. 3. Range tells how far apart numbers in a data set can be. 4. Outliers are always ignored. 5. Averages are always given as percentages. An example for a science anticipation guide on matter might look like the following: Me ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ Text ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Matter is made up of elements. An element is made up of many different atoms. An element is the same thing as a compound. Most compounds are made up of molecules. Elements are represented by chemical symbols. Check Those Facts! (Stephens & Brown, 2005) - This strategy serves a dual purpose: to help students become better judges of internet information and to allow students to explore an area of interest related to...
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...任何公司都应该送给客户，特别是银行、保险、电信、汽车、房地产 任何亲朋都应该送给好友，只要你真心喜欢他/她，关心他/她 任何国家都应该送给百姓，因为藏富于民，才能繁荣昌盛 I Believe……有什么比“我相信……”更重要呢？ 【作者简介】 乔治·寒缪尔·克拉森，1874年11月7日出生于美国密苏里洲的路易斯安娜市，他曾进入内布拉斯加州立大学就读，当美西战争爆发期间，他在美军服役。后来他在科罗拉多州的丹佛创立了克拉森地图公司，从而开始了长期的出版生涯，并出版了美国及加拿大第一本公路图册。1926年，他出版了一系列以古巴比伦为背景，用寓言体方式讲述了关于节俭和成功理财的小册子来解释他的每一个观点。这些小册子在银行业及保险业发行量极大，并很快成为数百万人耳熟能详的著作。后来这些小册子被集结在《巴比伦富翁的理财课》一书中出版面世，这本永恒不巧的作品已经影响了万千上万人的生活，而这些“巴比伦寓言”也因此成为了一本现代成功励志的经典名著。 【内容提要】 不计其数的读者已经从这些著名的“巴比伦寓言”中获得了帮助。在所有以节俭、理财计划和个人财富为主题的励志著作中，它被公认为最伟大的一本书。 它的语言就和我们阅读圣经时一样简洁明了，这些奇妙迷人的和富含信息的故事，使你在喜悦相伴的同时将带向一条通往繁荣富足的确认之路。作为广为称颂的现代经典之作，这本著名的畅销书为你的个人理财问题提供了理解和解决方案，将引领你穿越整个人生。 这本书揭示了如何获得金钱，保存金钱以及用金钱赚取更多金钱的全部秘密。 《巴比伦富翁的理财课》 巴比伦富翁的理财课 作者：克拉森 前言 大约12年前，伯父从美国回来时送给了我这本英文书，并一本正经地嘱我Read it over and over（翻来覆去地反复读），还唾沫四溅地大声号称会Change my life（改变我的人生）。看着他红脖子涨脸，又碍于情面，便装模作样地保证遵命。私底下草草地翻阅了不到一半，才第一次明白了什么叫做大失所望。于是，果断而明智地盖棺定论：死板老调，滑稽可笑！因为我当时研究生刚毕业两年，正踌躇满志，还稍微有点儿春风得意，如此这般的一本“小儿科”，与我的雄心大略相比，简直是笑死人了。 中文版序 英文版序 关于本书的赞誉(1) 关于本书的赞誉(2) 第一部分 来自诺丁汉大学的两封信 今天的人们如果能够穿越时空隧道，去追溯人类最为遥远的文明，那么令人叹为观止的“巴比伦（Babylon）王国”就会赫然跃入你的眼帘，给人无穷的悸羡和遐想……历史上的巴比伦的确是一座令人神往的古城，它位于幼发拉底河（Euphrate）和底格里斯河(Tigris)的交汇处。早在公元前1890年左右，阿摩利人就以巴比伦为都城，建立了古巴比伦王国。在古巴比伦最出色的国王汉谟拉比（Hammurabi）死后，巴比伦不断受到外族的进攻，历经了500多年的战乱，直到公元前7世纪末，才在尼布甲尼撒(Nebuchadnezzar)的领导下，建立了新巴比伦王国。 第1节 发现巴比伦的繁荣与荣耀 第2节 第一封信(1) 第3节 第一封信(2) 第4节 第二封信 第二部分 奴隶和自由人的灵魂 当一个人越饿的时候，他的神志也许就越清醒，也就越容易嗅出食物的味道。阿祖尔（Azure）的儿子塔卡德现在肯定就这么认为。因为他已经整整两天没有吃什么东西了，只吃了两颗从别人花园里偷偷摘下来的小无花果。他还来不及再多摘一颗，就被气急败坏冲...
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...Using the SQ3R Study Method A. Kent Van Cleave, Jr., Ph.D. Why use a study method? Perhaps you have noticed recently that everyone, especially in the news media, is talking about something called the information revolution. This term refers to some profound changes that have affected most aspects of our lives and that have been caused by computers. In the workplace, information technology has caused many work organizations to completely restructure themselves. Electronic data interchange has helped companies closely link themselves with their customers and their suppliers. Computers have made mass production obsolete by giving manufacturers the ability to customize the product exactly the way the individual customer wants it. (Look for the big auto manufacturers to have Websites soon where you choose nearly every feature on your car, apply for a loan to buy it, and then specify where it will be delivered, all without having to go to the showroom.) Computers have also automated many jobs, including those of many middle managers. The result of this has been fewer levels of management in large organizations and higher productivity in the production facility. For most products, the cost of the goods on store shelves has dropped dramatically over the last ten years. But this explosion of information technology has its challenges in the workplace, too. Because of it the pace of change has increased. Work organizations find that they must continually adapt as technology progresses...
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...How to write a Literature Review: Step 1: Read a lot. Sounds simplistic, but the fact is that you do have to read a lot, and read with care and purpose. There are things that you can do within the process to make your life easier, and the purpose of this short document is to point some of them out. Hopefully, this will help. However, there is no substitute for good, thorough, and hard work. When you start your reading, start broadly. If you have an area you are interested in, such as computers in education, multi-media, distance education, web-based instruction, or some other specific concentration, start your reading in those areas. Course assigned reading will help, but you will have to branch outwards and inwards. Don’t be afraid to follow an area that seems not to be related to your area. You are trying to define your interests. Allow yourself the freedom to do that. Here are some tips on how you might branch out, and/or focus in: A. Look carefully at the references. Should the author raise a salient point that interests you and they happen to cite somebody, look up the citation and read the original source. The original source will have its own references, follow these. Repeat as necessary. B. Read from tangentially related fields. Don’t be afraid to look outside of the literature in IT to other areas. Educational Psychology, Human Resources, Computer Science, and Communications Studies are but a few of the related fields with important information...
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...Vocabulary instruction and the impact it has on reading comprehension is a topic that appears to be discussed but is not researched as much as we previously envisioned. There are many articles discussing how to implement quality instruction to provide vocabulary development at the elementary level. There appears to be little research on how vocabulary directly impacts student reading comprehension. There is also little research on how word walls impact overall vocabulary development. Vocabulary is one of the five major components of reading along with phonemic awareness, phonics, fluency and reading comprehension. All components are essential when it comes to reading but we believe that vocabulary plays an important role both in learning to read and in comprehending text. Readers cannot understand text without knowing what the words they are reading mean. Although we did not find as much research as hoped, we did find a wide variety of articles that examined the impact that vocabulary instruction has on reading. Many of the articles that we found explained a variety of ways to improve vocabulary instruction that would in turn increase vocabulary development. Some studies looked at emerging language skills such as alliteration, rhyming, segment blending and letter-word identification. Others focused more on decoding, word knowledge and word recognition. Other variables considered included age, gender, race or ethnicity, household income, disability and even parental intelligence...
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...Life of Pi Theme of Religion At times, Life of Pi reads like a defense of religion. Has science proved religion wrong? Here's a protagonist who believes passionately in both zoology and religion. What about the fact of multiple faiths? Don't these faiths contradict each other, cause wars, and other problems? Here's a protagonist who is Muslim, Christian, and Hindu – all at the same time. The book defends not only the common spirit behind these three religions, but the rituals and ceremonies of each. It's as if all three religions find harmonious common ground in this character. Seems unlikely, but then again, the protagonist argues passionately that the miraculous happens in our darkest moments. Quote #1But I don't insist. I don't mean to defend zoos. Close them all down if you want (and let us hope that what wildlife remains can survive in what is left of the natural world). I know zoos are no longer in people's good graces. Religion faces the same problem. Certain illusions about freedom plague them both. (1.4.14) | Do zoos incarcerate animals in confined spaces and make them miserable? Pi doesn't think so: "Certain illusions about freedom" tempt us to this conclusion. In actuality, an animal's life in the wild is more circumscribed than "a knight on a chessboard" (1.4.8). Predator-prey relationships restrict the animal's movement. A zoo enclosure is actually more like a hearth for an animal: a place of comfort and rest. Likewise, most people think of religion as a restrictive...
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...Pride goes before a fall This proverb is coined from the well known story entitled, “The Hare and die Tortoise,” from Aesop’s fables. We all remember having read it during our kindergarten days. The hare always quick on his feet challenged a tortoise to a running race! The tortoise who knew that, being a slow animal he was no match for the hare. Yet he accepted the challenge. On the day of the race all the animals assembled at one place and die race commenced. Alas! Like a lightning the hare sprinted across and disappeared from sight. But poor tortoise walked slowly, as usual. The haughty hare, which had gone too far away, paused under a tree. He knew that it would take a long time for the tortoise to reach him. So he stretched and slept. How long he slept, he never knew. Meanwhile, the tortoise came there, saw the hare sleeping and went ahead quietly and reached die winning post, giving a crushing defeat to the hare! This was a lesson not only to die hare, but to everyone who feels too proud and underestimates the others. No matter whatever one’s capacity is, one should not feel proud of it. To cite another example, we have all seen the English movie, ‘Titanic.’ One of the main reasons that the ship sank was the overconfidence of the captain and the ship’s crew. They underestimated what harm an iceberg could do to such a mighty ship of theirs. Hence, the overconfidence broke the ship and sank it, drowning many hundreds of passengers. People say that even a watch that stopped...
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...50th Anniversary Edition I, Pencil My Family Tree as Told to Leonard E. Read FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION 30 South Broadway Irvington-on-Hudson New York 10533 1-800-960-4FEE • 914-591-7230 www.fee.org “I, Pencil” is a superb case study of free markets in action. Half of the world’s economic problems would vanish if everyone would read “I, Pencil.” Burton W. Folsom, Jr. Professor of History Hillsdale College b There is no better, more easily understood, and more fun explanation of the complexity of markets than Leonard Read’s “I, Pencil.” It ought to give considerable pause when we listen to the arrogance of politicians who tell us they can manage an economy better than millions, perhaps billions, of independent decision makers in pursuit of their own personal goals. Its message to would-be planners is to bug out! Walter E. Williams John M. Olin Distinguished Professor of Economics George Mason University b The most valuable truths about economics and liberty can be found in a lowly lead pencil. When my children are old enough, I will read them a classic little essay by the late philosopher Leonard E. Read that turns a mundane writing instrument into an elementary lesson about free-market capitalism. Michelle Malkin Syndicated columnist b I, Pencil My Family Tree as Told to Leonard E. Read Introduction by Lawrence W. Reed Afterword by Milton Friedman This edition of “I, Pencil” is dedicated to our late esteemed colleague, Beth A. Hoffman,...
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...Life of Pi – Inquiry Essay The important thing isn’t that we can live on love alone, but that life isn’t worth living without it. In the novel Life of Pi by Yann Martel, the author shows that Richard Parker is part of Pi, and is necessary for his survival. This is shown at the end of the novel when Pi reaches Mexico with Richard Parker’s help of survival. However, there are two different versions to Pi’s story, and there is no physical proof of Richard’s existence other than his word. Life isn’t worth living without hope, Richard Parker is necessary for Pi’s survival because he gives him a reason to survive, provides companionship, keeps him from feeling hopelessness. Firstly, Richard Parker is essential for Pi’s survival. He is essential for Pi’s survival because Richard Parker has the strength and viciousness necessary to survive. In the end of the book it is revealed that Richard Parker is Pi. Richard Parker is just a figment of Pi’s imagination a creation of Pi’s mind to help him cope with seeing his mother killed and the rest of the bad experiences he had after the ship sunk. Pi created Richard in order to conjure up those traits that he needs in order to survive; Richard is strong, fierce, and terrifying, whereas Pi is complete opposite. He creates a strong fierce animal with a personality that is capable of doing things he can't, but has to in order to survive. Richard Parker is just Pi’s dark side. He keeps Pi sane, despite of his terrible deeds. In other words, he...
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...Vinci Chan Ms. Lawrence ENG4UV-04 July 8th 2016 U4A4: Life of Pi - Part 1 Quotation Analysis “Religion?” Mr. Kumar grinned broadly. “I don’t believe in religion. Religion is darkness.” (Martel, 29) I chose this quotation because doubt seems to be a common theme associated with today’s religion. Many individuals either do not conform to any religions or are atheist also there are so many people today who question religion, such as, if God or religion exists, why is there so much violence in the world? Or, why is there a majority of people living in poverty? These thoughts lead me to have doubts, is religion leading us into darkness? Also, this quotation is interesting because it follows Pi telling Mr. Kumar “religion will save us” (Martel, 29), and Mr. Kumar immediately opposes Pi’s statement. Personally, I was raised as an atheist as my parents do not have any beliefs in religion. I have never been connected with the Church or with God; however, sometimes I do find myself to believe that there is a higher power out there. I could relate this to my personal hero’s journey. Many was raised as an atheist because they were not exposed to religion growing up, which is like a hero being pulled in an unknown direction because he/she had no guide. Next, is call to adventure, which for me is being exposed to religion as I grew older; at this stage in life, sometimes I was convinced the existence of God through peers and media. Then comes the refusal of call, which for me was...
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...Sydney Clarysse Ms. McLennan ENG 4UV-02 27 March 2015 U2A3: The Hero Quotation: “Life is so beautiful that death has fallen in love with it, a jealous, possessive love that grabs at what it can. But life leaps over oblivion lightly, losing only a thing or two of no importance and gloom is but the passing shadow of a cloud.” (Martel). 1) This quotation spoke to me while I was reading the book because when I put thought into it, I thought that it was a brilliant portrayal of life itself. As we grow individually, we start to learn more and develop more. There are many theories of development and it can be defined as the series of age-related changes that happen over the course of a life span. By this stage in my life I have come to realize that many people are taken too soon from us, that we lose important things in our life, and that we may be sad about it for a while but sadness and gloom are just a “…passing shadow of a cloud,” (Martel) everything is eventually going to be okay and the sun will soon shine when the shadow passes. NOTE: The variation of stage theories all share three similar characteristics: 1. People pass through stages in a specific order, with each stage building on capacities developed in the previous stage. 2. Stages are related to age. 3. Development is discontinuous, with qualitatively different capacities emerging in each stage. 2) Since development is in stages related to age I think that I have grown to learn about...
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...After finishing the novel Life of Pi, there is one quote from the second half of the novel that has continued to circulate in my mind. For multiple chapters, the main character Pi recognizes the fear he encounters every day while stranded at sea, and contemplates how it hinders his ability to survive. During this inner monologue, he concludes that, “if your fear becomes a wordless darkness that you avoid…you open yourself to further attacks of fear because you never truly fought the opponent who defeated you” (Martel, 179). Pi has realized that in order to conquer his fear he cannot continue to hide from it. He must be brave and face what he is afraid of if he wishes to survive, or else this fear will build until it is too difficult for him to overcome. This quote is so memorable to me because this is something I learned when I was struggling with social anxiety. In grade eight, I used to skip as much school as possible in order to avoid any and all situations that could possibly strike my anxiety. However, I quickly discovered that this was not a good idea. Every class that I did not attend for fear of my anxiety, I missed a chance to grasp and control it, effectively allowing it to snowball out of control. I think that Pi’s thoughts on the topic of fear are of vital importance to everybody. When one avoids their fear, they are essentially feeding the fire. One must try their best in this internal battle, as when they do nothing they are giving fear what it needs to grow stronger...
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...Prompt 1 All stories have a beginning, a middle, and an end. Yann Martel’s Life of Pi is no different. However, some argue that the first part, which deals with Pi’s coming of age and homeland, could be disregarded entirely to make a stronger novel. In viewing the completed work, it is clear that every component, no matter how obscure or bizarre, is absolutely critical to the success of the novel. All elements of the writing, from Pi’s religion to his fascination with sloths, are vital, for they all work together to describe a larger story. At first, the explanation of Pi’s religion and the nature of animals appears to be repetitive and irrelevant. It is nothing more than supportive information, which seems only useful when Pi prays to both Jesus and Vishnu, or when he rattles off facts about female orangutans. As he wrestles with isolation, danger, and despair, he undergoes a drastic change of character that requires understanding of his home life to fully appreciate. Pi is pushed to extreme stress, and in order to endure it, he must draw strength and willpower from within. For Pi, this means going back to his knowledge and genuine affection for animals, as well as his deep connection to religion. Without the considerable development and explanation for both within the first part, there would be a legitimate lack of depth and richness within the entirety of the writing. In cutting this first part, the novel loses the vibrant detail that creates this depth, and the reality that...
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...The Life of Pi is a very fascinating fiction about a stranded boy’s voyage alone at sea with a Bengal tiger. Throughout the story the main character, Pi, is very intrigued by religion; so much that he considered himself a Hindu, Muslim, and Christian at the same time. Pi didn’t share these same views with his father who said it was all a front and science was the way to go since it was solely based on fact. In this story Pi didn’t get involved in atheism for say even though he understood it, he just stepped back and respected it because he saw himself as a believer. He has always had thought there was a God(s) there to look over him, even in his hardest hardships. Throughout this book it has seemed to me that Pi has always understood Atheism...
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