...States and the Lorenz Curve 1 Market economies are favored and well-known for generating macroeconomic growth and progress in industrialized nations, such as the United States. Numerous academic studies and economic research have been done not only to measure economic growth, but also to analyze any disparities in income distributions among the general American population. This paper will examine trends and patterns of American wages since the 1970s, focusing on shifts in income distributions to see if these shifts can be interpreted as income inequality across different sectors of our society. Furthermore, this paper will study two important and interlinked methods of measuring income inequality, which are the Lorenz Curve and the Gini Coefficient Index. The Executive Branch of our federal government and the U.S. Congress keep a close eye on income distributions throughout the entire nation. These bodies rely heavily on data collected and analyzed by non-partisan agencies such as the U.S. Census Bureau, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis, the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), and academic institutitions that provide data and statistical analysis to assist in economic and budgetary decisions made by elected officials concerning a wide array of policy issues such as taxes, social insurance programs and other issues that impact the overall economy. Economists like Thomas Piketty and Emmanual Saez and many others have used these collected...
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...520’s...Jeans for Curves Hasani Gorden Keller Graduate School of Management Market Summary Fashion is today incomplete without denim. Denim comes in all forms, looks and washes to match with every dress. It would be difficult to believe that the same denim was originally employed in clothing for the pants and overalls worn by miners on the west coast (US). A number of technological factors have contributed to making denim the fashion icon that it is today including vast improvements in spinning, weaving, and finishing. One of the most important parts of creation of the beautiful denim jeans is the washing. Washing plays such an important part in the denim chain because of the effects that the consumers are looking for on their jeans. Denim jeans have almost become a necessity in the present scenario. By age, jeans wear sales have increased significantly in the 13-17 and 25-34 age groups. By volume men's/boys jeans shipment market is more than that of women's/girls jeans shipments in US. Denim jeans make up one of the most fragmented, but also one of the most lucrative sectors of the apparel industry, with products aimed at men, women, teens and infants.(In Text Cit) Denim jeans accounted for US$5.2bn of the US$15bn bottoms market in 2006, according to report author Koncept Analytics, but a decline in the market in 2007 is seen as the start of a downward trend that is likely to continue in coming years. Sales of women's jeans among 25 to 34 year-olds fell a sizeable 15...
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...Kassandra Yanez Causal Analysis English 121 “The oppression suffered by Chicanas is different from that suffered by most women in this country. Because Chicanas are part of an oppressed nationality, they are subjected to the racism practiced against La Raza”(Mirtha Vidal 1971). In American society all women are oppressed. The most oppressed women in the U.S. are women of color. Among them are Chicana women, there are certain expectations of what is acceptable for women through a patriarchal and sexist society which gives men power and privilege over women. These expectations are shown through the concepts of La mujer Buena and La mujer Mala. This is even greater oppression than that faced by other women. Chicana’s oppression begins in their own home, and continues to haunt Chicana women outside their home. The concept of la mujer buena (the good woman) and la mujer mala (the bad woman) is the root of Chicana expectations that feeds into the patriarchal and sexist society women have to face. La mujer buena is expected to be silent, a virgin, and a care taker. La mujer mala is the total opposite; she is an activist, a “whore”, and is educated. When a woman falls out of the expectations of la mujer buena she is put into the category of la mujer mala simply because she wants her voice heard and isn’t just going to sit there while women are being oppressed. In Elizabeth Martinez’ 500 years of Chicana Women’s History she states, “despite the hard life faced by the working class...
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...NATIONAL HIV PREVALENCE & AIDS ESTIMATES REPORT 2011-2015 National AIDS/STI Control Programme Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health. Accra, Ghana. National HIV Prevalence & AIDS Estimates Report National HIV Prevalence & AIDS Estimates Report 2011-2015 March 2012 National AIDS/STI Control Programme Ghana Health Service, Ministry of Health Accra, Ghana National HIV Prevalence & AIDS Estimates Report ©National AIDS/STI Control Programme 2012 ©Ghana Health Service 2012 All rights reserved. The designations employed and the presentation material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the NACP concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines of which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers’ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the NACP in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. National HIV Prevalence & AIDS Estimates Report Contents Page II III IV 1-2 3-7 8- 16 18-27 28-30 Acknowledgments List of Tables Introduction Background of Estimation and Projection Process Estimation Process and Method Results Appendices Notes National HIV Prevalence & AIDS Estimates Report I Acknowledgment T he Technical Report was produced...
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...Research Methodology: An example in a Real Project Noel Pérez Laboratory of Optics and Experimental Mechanics, Instituto de Engenharia Mecânica e Gestão Industrial. nperez@inegi.up.pt Abstract. The research methodology defines what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitutes success. It provides us an advancement of wealth of human knowledge, tools of the trade to carry out research, tools to look at things in life objectively; develops a critical and scientific attitude, disciplined thinking to observe objectively (scientific deduction and inductive thinking); skills of research particularly in the ‘age of information’. Also it defines the way in which the data are collected in a research project. In this paper it presents two components of the research methodology from a real project; the theorical design and framework respectively. Keywords: Research methodology, example of research methodology, theorical framework, theorical design. 1 Introduction The research methodology defines what the activity of research is, how to proceed, how to measure progress, and what constitutes success. It provides us an advancement of wealth of human knowledge, tools of the trade to carry out research, tools to look at things in life objectively; develops a critical and scientific attitude, disciplined thinking to observe objectively (scientific deduction and inductive thinking); skills of research particularly in the ‘age of information’. The...
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...before a patient or physician can feel them. Digital Mammograms allow manipulation of fine differences in image contrast by means of image processing algorithms. Different Computer Aided Detection Systems (CAD) have been developed for the specific tasks required in breast imaging, diagnosis, and screening. The...
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...many of them women, struggling to get by on the minimum wage. That is wrong. We can do better. And together, we are going to change it. I want to build an America where working families can get ahead, where a family working fulltime does not have to raise their children in poverty.” (Burkhauser 1) Classical economists have proven for years that floors and ceilings on prices are bad for economies. So why do politicians, who call themselves progressive, continue to beat the drum of creating a living wage? The reason; to get more votes. A wage floor is strictly a political issue disguised as a social problem needed to help the poor. Raising the minimum wage has taken on a fever pitch in Congress this year, regardless of the fact that there is not a widely accepted empirical economic study suggesting it is the correct policy to assist the working poor. This paper consists of research conducted by the author from both the government activist and laissez-faire positions. In addition to the list of works cited at the end of this paper, several public policy institute web site were reviewed for pertinent material. These sites include: the Heritage Foundation, American Federal of Labor-Congress of Industrial Union (AFL-CIO), Employment Policies Institute and the Economic Policy Institute. Before the passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) of 1938, several attempts were made at the state level to institute a minimum wage floor. In the early 1900’s, women were not allowed...
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... Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you: 1. Compute the elasticities for each independent variable. Note: Write down all of your calculations. 2. Determine the implications for each of the computed elasticities for the business in terms of shortterm and long-term pricing strategies. Provide a rationale in which you cite your results. 3. Recommend whether you believe that this firm should or should not cut its price to increase its market share. Provide support for your recommendation. 4. Assume that all the factors affecting demand in this model remain the same, but that the price has changed. Further assume that the price changes are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 dollars. a) Plot the demand curve for the firm. b) Plot the corresponding supply curve on the same graph using the supply function Q = 5200 + 45P with the same prices. c) Determine the equilibrium price and quantity. d) Outline the significant factors that could cause changes in supply and demand for the product. Determine the...
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... Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you: 1. Compute the elasticities for each independent variable. Note: Write down all of your calculations. 2. Determine the implications for each of the computed elasticities for the business in terms of shortterm and long-term pricing strategies. Provide a rationale in which you cite your results. 3. Recommend whether you believe that this firm should or should not cut its price to increase its market share. Provide support for your recommendation. 4. Assume that all the factors affecting demand in this model remain the same, but that the price has changed. Further assume that the price changes are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 dollars. a) Plot the demand curve for the firm. b) Plot the corresponding supply curve on the same graph using the supply function Q = 5200 + 45P with the same prices. c) Determine the equilibrium price and quantity. d) Outline the significant factors that could cause changes in supply and demand for the product. Determine the...
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... Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you: 1. Compute the elasticities for each independent variable. Note: Write down all of your calculations. 2. Determine the implications for each of the computed elasticities for the business in terms of shortterm and long-term pricing strategies. Provide a rationale in which you cite your results. 3. Recommend whether you believe that this firm should or should not cut its price to increase its market share. Provide support for your recommendation. 4. Assume that all the factors affecting demand in this model remain the same, but that the price has changed. Further assume that the price changes are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 dollars. a) Plot the demand curve for the firm. b) Plot the corresponding supply curve on the same graph using the supply function Q = 5200 + 45P with the same prices. c) Determine the equilibrium price and quantity. d) Outline the significant factors that could cause changes in supply and demand for the product. Determine the...
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... Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you: 1. Compute the elasticities for each independent variable. Note: Write down all of your calculations. 2. Determine the implications for each of the computed elasticities for the business in terms of shortterm and long-term pricing strategies. Provide a rationale in which you cite your results. 3. Recommend whether you believe that this firm should or should not cut its price to increase its market share. Provide support for your recommendation. 4. Assume that all the factors affecting demand in this model remain the same, but that the price has changed. Further assume that the price changes are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 dollars. a) Plot the demand curve for the firm. b) Plot the corresponding supply curve on the same graph using the supply function Q = 5200 + 45P with the same prices. c) Determine the equilibrium price and quantity. d) Outline the significant factors that could cause changes in supply and demand for the product. Determine the...
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... Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you: 1. Compute the elasticities for each independent variable. Note: Write down all of your calculations. 2. Determine the implications for each of the computed elasticities for the business in terms of shortterm and long-term pricing strategies. Provide a rationale in which you cite your results. 3. Recommend whether you believe that this firm should or should not cut its price to increase its market share. Provide support for your recommendation. 4. Assume that all the factors affecting demand in this model remain the same, but that the price has changed. Further assume that the price changes are 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 dollars. a) Plot the demand curve for the firm. b) Plot the corresponding supply curve on the same graph using the supply function Q = 5200 + 45P with the same prices. c) Determine the equilibrium price and quantity. d) Outline the significant factors that could cause changes in supply and demand for the product. Determine the...
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...Forecasting Methods Genius forecasting - This method is based on a combination of intuition, insight, and luck. Psychics and crystal ball readers are the most extreme case of genius forecasting. Their forecasts are based exclusively on intuition. Science fiction writers have sometimes described new technologies with uncanny accuracy. There are many examples where men and women have been remarkable successful at predicting the future. There are also many examples of wrong forecasts. The weakness in genius forecasting is that its impossible to recognize a good forecast until the forecast has come to pass. Some psychic individuals are capable of producing consistently accurate forecasts. Mainstream science generally ignores this fact because the implications are simply to difficult to accept. Our current understanding of reality is not adequate to explain this phenomena. Trend extrapolation - These methods examine trends and cycles in historical data, and then use mathematical techniques to extrapolate to the future. The assumption of all these techniques is that the forces responsible for creating the past, will continue to operate in the future. This is often a valid assumption when forecasting short term horizons, but it falls short when creating medium and long term forecasts. The further out we attempt to forecast, the less certain we become of the forecast. The stability of the environment is the key factor in determining whether trend extrapolation is an appropriate forecasting...
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...Question 1. How does the theory of the firm provide an integrated framework for the analysis of managerial decision making across the functional areas of business? Discuss. Answer. Contribution of theories of the firm to the concept of the business model The advantage of the Chesbrough and Rosenbloom approach to the business model concept is that its functions or components provide a comprehensive structure by which to analyse different sources of value in firms. Compared for instance with Amit and Zott’s (2001) approach its functions or components are generic, rather than specific sources of value for a particular type of business. However the Chesbrough and Rosenbloom business model is still more of a framework than a theory (Teece 2006). By itself is does not enable predictions to be made of the behaviour of firms, although it has attempted to identify the key factors that may make such predictions possible. At the same time there are theoretical underpinnings that could be incorporated into many of the components of the business model to increase its capacity to be used as a predictive model. As with Amit and Zott’s (2001) development of the business model, this analysis suggests that there is no single applicable theoretical framework, but that an integration of the various theoretical frameworks is useful in examining the value creation potential of the firm’s business model. The approach adopted here is to enrich the concept of the business model with the various...
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...Suggest how an economist would approach the problem of alcohol abuse. Provide two (2) possible solutions to this problem. Include the four (4) elements of the economic way of thinking in your analysis. The economist would approach the problem of alcohol abuse as cost, and how they could put it in real numbers. When measuring the cost of alcohol abuse in any city in the U.S. we must understand what make the assumptions of alcohol abuse comprehensible and to focus on the relevant alcohol abuse. We have to think about such things as health services and medical expenses, premature death, loss of productivity, and alcohol related crimes. In total, the U.S. economy loses an estimated $185 billion each year to alcohol-related problems, according to the National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. We use the assumptions to help explain, Economics is a discipline, but it is not an exact discipline. Economic theory simplifies situations because it would be nearly impossible to predict and include every relevant variable and factor. Just look at the cost of drunk driving. Drunk driving is a insightful subject to many people because so many lives have been affected by this crime. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration reports that alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes kill someone every 31 minutes and nonfatal injure someone every two minutes. During 2005, 16,885 people in the U.S. died in alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes, comprising 39% of all traffic-related deaths...
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