* Characteristics Of Informationwww.searchtherightwords.com/Searching for the Right Words? Say What Your Heart Wants To. * Characteristics Of Informationwww.hforcare.com/Search Characteristics Of Information Characteristics Of Information in One Site
Ads
View Slide Show * FB Share * Tweet * Pin It
Close

View Slide Show *
View Slide Show
Related Questions * What is duplicate content? * The Difference Between Selling and Marketing? * Recommend a list of free classifieds and directories with no reciprocal links requirement? * How do you get to a chat room to tell people about your website?
Answer:
The first characteristic is Relevance. The information that a person uses must be relevant to the current problem at hand. If the information is not relevant it would not help to solve the problem at all.
The 2nd characteristic is Complete. The information must be complete. If the information is not complete and only partial information is received, it may lead to wrong decisions being made as only half of an entirety of the information is known.
The 3rd characteristic is Accuracy. The information must be accurate as unaccurate information would lead to many different major problems as unaccurate information for example, may lead to people playing the stock market to lose alot of money.
The 4th characteristic is Current. The information must be current as a fact of yesterday may not be a fact of today. For example, a criminal on the loose the day before would not be a criminal on the loose anymore if he gets caught today. As the stock market is everchanging, current information is really a must.
The 5th characteristic is Economical. The information used must be of economical use to companies that use them. Companies are built to make profit, if the information used is not economical it would result in compa vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvinformation DefinitionSave to FavoritesSee Examples
Data that is (1) accurate and timely, (2) specific and organized for a purpose, (3) presented within a context that gives it meaning and relevance, and (4) can lead to an increase in understanding and decrease in uncertainty.
Information is valuable because it can affect behavior, a decision, or an outcome. For example, if a manager is told his/her company's net profit decreased in the past month, he/she may use this information as a reason to cut financial spending for the next month. A piece of information is considered valueless if, after receiving it, things remain unchanged. For a technical definition of information see information theory.

Read more: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/information.html#ixzz2TxjVF8YI vvv  2. • What do we mean by “format” when wetalk about information?• What are the characteristics of commoninformation formats?• How does digital information differ frominformation we access in physical form?
 3. Format is…• “The organization, plan, style, or type ofsomething.” --Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2006• A set of properties• The result of a process ssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssd Portable Document Format (PDF) is a file format used to represent documents in a manner independent of application software, hardware, and operating systems.[1] Each PDF file encapsulates a complete description of a fixed-layout flat document, including the text, fonts, graphics, and other information needed to display it. In 1991, Adobe Systems co-founder John Warnock outlined a system called "Camelot"[2] that evolved into PDF.
While Adobe Systems made the PDF specification available free of charge in 1993, PDF remained a proprietary format, controlled by Adobe, until it was officially released as an open standard on July 1, 2008, and published by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 32000-1:2008.[3][4] In 2008, Adobe published a Public Patent License to ISO 32000-1 granting royalty-free rights for all patents owned by Adobe that are necessary to make, use, sell and distribute PDF compliant implementations.[5] Contents |

mmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmmm\ t us tackle the five most common image formats for the web and computer graphics: JPEG, GIF, BMP, TIFF and PNG.
JPEG
JPEG is short for Joint Photographic Experts Group, and is the most popular among the image formats used on the web. JPEG files are very ‘lossy’, meaning so much information is lost from the original image when you save it in JPEG file. This is because JPEG discards most of the information to keep the image file size small; which means some degree of quality is also lost.
Original File:

JPEG Medium Compressed File:

As shown above, image compression is not that evident at first glance. But if you take a closer look, the JPEG image is not as sharp as the original image. The colors are paler and the lines are less defined and the picture is noisier. If you zoom in there are JPEG artifacts like any other JPEG files.

JPEG compression of varying levels, from highest to lowest.
Almost every digital camera can shoot and save in the JPEG format. JPEG is very web friendly because the file is smaller, which means it takes up less room, and requires less time to transfer to a sites. Moreover it is less grainy then GIF, the old king of the internet roost. Since 1994, JPEG has been considered the standard.
Pros of JPEG: * 24-bit color, with up to 16 million colors * Rich colors, great for photographs that needs fine attention to color detail * Most used and most widely accepted image format * Compatible in most OS (Mac, PC, Linux)
Cons of JPEG: * They tend to discard a lot of data * After compression, JPEG tends to create artifacts * Cannot be animated * Does not support transparency
GIF
GIF, short for Graphics Interchange Format, is limited to the 8 bit palette with only 256 colors. GIF is still a popular image format on the internet because image size is relatively small compared to other image compression types.

Image by If.ufrgs.br
GIF compresses images in two ways: first, by reducing the number of colors in rich color images, thus reducing the number of bits per pixel. Second, GIF replaces multiple occurring patterns (large patterns) into one. So instead of storing five kinds of blue, it stores only one blue.

Image by Cloudsper
GIF is most suitable for graphics, diagrams, cartoons and logos with relatively few colors. GIF is still the chosen format for animation effects.

Image by Westnet
Compared to JPEG, it is lossless and thus more effective with compressing images with a single color, but pales in detailed or dithered pictures. In other words, GIF is lossless for images with 256 colors and below. So for a full color image, it may lose up to 99.998% of its colors.
One edge of the GIF image format is the interlacing feature, giving the illusion of fast loading graphics. When it loads in a browser, the GIF first appears to be blurry and fuzzy, but as soon as more data is downloaded, the image becomes more defined until all the date has been downloaded.
Pros of GIF: * Can support transparency * Can do small animation effects * ‘Lossless’ quality–they contain the same amount of quality as the original, except of course it now only has 256 colors * Great for images with limited colors, or with flat regions of color
Cons of GIF: * Only supports 256 colors * It’s the oldest format in the web, having existed since 1989. It hasn’t been updated since, and sometimes, the file size is larger than PNG.
BMP
The Windows Bitmap or BMP files are image files within the Microsoft Windows operating system. In fact, it was at one point one of the few image formats. These files are large and uncompressed, but the images are rich in color, high in quality, simple and compatible in all Windows OS and programs. BMP files are also called raster or paint images.
BMP files are made of millions and millions of dots called ‘pixels’, with different colors and arrangements to come up with an image or pattern. It might an 8-bit, 16-bit or 24-bit image. Thus when you make a BMP image larger or smaller, you are making the individual pixels larger, and thus making the shapes look fuzzy and jagged.
BMP files are not great and not very popular. Being oversized, bitmap files are not what you call ‘web friendly’, nor are they compatible in all platforms and they do not scale well.

Pros of BMP: * Works well with most Windows programs and OS, you can use it as a Windows wallpaper
Cons of BMP: * Does not scale or compress well * Again, very huge image files making it not web friendly * No real advantage over other image formats
TIFF
TIFF was created by Aldus for ‘desktop publishing’, and by 2009 it was transferred to the control of Adobe Systems. TIFF is popular among common users, but has gained recognition in the graphic design, publishing and photography industry. It is also popular among Apple users.

Above is a screenshot of how a TIFF image looks like–TIFF is not compatible for all systems; so to be sure, I uploaded a screenshot in JPEG of a TIFF image preview instead of uploading the original TIFF image here. Notice the crisp quality and rich colors of the photo.
The TIFF image format is easy to use with software that deasl with page layout, publishing and photo manipulation via fax, scanning, word processing, etc. TIFF is very flexible, it can be lossy or lossless. TIFF is a rich format and supported by many imaging programs. It is capable of recording halftone image data with different pixel intensities, thus is the perfect format for graphic storage, processing and printing. This makes TIFF the superior raster image format.
Pros of TIFF: * Very flexible format, it supports several types of compression like JPEG, LZW, ZIP or no compression at all. * High quality image format, all color and data information are stored * TIFF format can now be saved with layers
Cons of TIFF: * Very large file size–long transfer time, huge disk space consumption, and slow loading time.
PNG
PNG or (Portable Network Graphics) is a recently introduced format, so not everyone familiar with it. But PNG has been approved as a standard since 1996. It is an image format specifically designed for the web. PNG is, in all aspects, the superior version of the GIF. Just like the GIF format, the PNG is saved with 256 colors maximum but it saves the color information more efficiently. It also supports an 8 bit transparency.

Image by Hello eBoy
PNG was actually created for the intent to replace the GIF as an image format that doesn’t require a patent license. PNG can support 24 bit RGB color images, grayscale images, both with and without alpha channels. RGB cannot support CMYK color spaces, and is not designed for print graphics.
Pros of PNG: * Lossless, so it does not lose quality and detail after image compression * In a lot ways better then GIF. To start, PNG often creates smaller file sizes than GIF * Supports transparency better than GIF
Cons of PNG: * Not good for large images because they tend to generate a very large file, sometimes creating larger files than JPEG. * Unlike GIF however, it cannot be animated. * Not all web browsers can support PNG.
In a Nutshell
There is no universal image format that is best for all scenarios. Every type of image format has their own advantages and disadvantages. Here is a summation of each image format, their pros and cons, as well as when and where it’s best to use them.

Print Graphics: TIFF is the best and only choice for professionals when images are intended for print. Its ability to read CMYK and YcbCr color, plus its ability to store such high pixel intensity makes it the only choice for designers, photographers and publishers.
Web Graphics: PNG, JPEG and GIF are the most web friendly image formats there is. JPEG is great for images when you need to keep the size small, such as when you need to upload it online. If you don’t mind compromising the quality of the image a bit, use JPEG. If you want to keep the size small, but still retain the image quality, use PNG. GIF is the worst choice, although file sizes are very small, and they load very fast. Plus, if you want to add animation effects, use GIF.
PC & Mac Compatibility: If you are using Mac or PC, or constantly shifting from one to another, JPEG is the best image format for PC and Mac Compatibility.
Logos & Line Art: JPEG is the worst choice, it tends to add artifacts and blur the text, line and edges. JPEG also cannot support transparency, which is often a need for logos or icons. GIF is a good choice, but it pales in comparison to TIFF and PNG. Both of the latter image formats are lossless, store as much image information, and are not limited to 256 colors, unlike GIF. They also don’t add artifacts (the downfall of JPEG) and keep the logo or line art sharp and concise.
Clip Art: GIF is the best image for clipart and drawn graphics that only use few colors and precise lines & shapes.

vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvGIF — Graphics Interchange Format
Compuserve’s 8-bit GIF format has long been the most popular on the Internet, mainly because of its small size. It is ideal for small navigational icons and simple diagrams and illustrations where accuracy is required, or graphics with large blocks of a single colour. The format is loss-less, meaning it does not get blurry or messy. GIFs use a simple technique called LZW compression to reduce the filesizes of images by finding repeated patterns of pixels, but this compression never degrades the image quality.
GIF files can be saved with a maximum of 256 colours. This makes it a poor format for photographic images. Because this can sometimes be tight, GIFs have the option to dither, and will mix pixels of two different available colours to create a suggestion of another colour.
GIFs can be animated, which is another reason they became so successful. Most animated banner ads are GIFs. You will need an animation program to make your own animations.
GIFs allow single-bit transparency, which means when you are creating your image, you can specify one colour to be transparent. This allows the background colours of the web page to show through the image.
GIFs can also be interlaced, which is a way of saving a graphic so that it loads progressively — first a blurry, low-detail version is loaded, and then successive layers of detail are added. This usually means a larger overall filesize, but it means that a version of the image gets placed onto the viewer’s screen much quicker, and so is beneficial in many situations, as it gives the impression of a speedier download.
GIFs (variously pronounced “gif” or “jif”) are a very good format for most of the graphics you’ll be using on your site, though PNGs below are better in many regards. Experimentation is the key to success.
GIF Examples
This first image is indicative of the optimum properties of a GIF image — small, low on colours, and containing large areas of continuous colour.
This is the same graphic, but the number of available colours has been reduced. The filesize is improved, but it doesn't look quite as smooth. To remedy this, we can add some dithering (which does add a bit to the filesize), to produce the image on the right. The loss of colours becomes less obvious, and the filesize overall is about half as big.
This is the same image again, but with the red background colour set to transparent. As you can see, the background of the page shows through, but the edges are jagged, as this image was not designed for this background colour.
Finally we have a rather rubbish animated GIF that I just knocked up in ten minutes. Hooray. This single GIF file simply contains many frames of animation, which your browser shuffles through.

vvvvvvvvv

JPEG — Joint Photographic Experts Group
The 16-bit JPEG format (usually written without the E), was designed with photographs in mind. It is capable of displaying millions of colours at once, without the need for dithering, allowing for the complex blend of hues that occur in photographic images.
JPGs use a complex compression algorithm, which can be applied on a sliding scale. Compression is achieved by ‘forgetting’ certain details about the image, which the JPG will then try to fill in later when it is being displayed. You can save a JPG with 0% compression for a perfect image with a large filesize; or with 80% compression for a small but noticeably degraded image. In practical use, a compression setting of about 60% will result in the optimum balance of quality and filesize, without letting the lossy compression do too much damage.
Though JPGs can be interlaced, they lack many of the other special abilities of GIFs, like animation and transparency; but as I said, they really are only for photos. Simple graphics with large blocks of colour should not be saved as JPGs because the edges get all smudgy.
The » JPEG (“jay-peg”) format is likely to be replaced at some point in the future by the updated JPEG2000 format.
JPEG Examples 0% compression |
60% compression | 80% compression |
99% compression |
PNG — Portable Network Graphics
PNG is a format » invented specifically for the web in response to a licensing scheme introduced which meant the creators of any software that supported the GIF format had to pay five thousand dollars for the privilege (this tax has since expired). While they were at it however, the creators of PNG (“ping”) went ahead and created a format superior to GIF in almost every way.
One version of the format, PNG-8, is similar to the GIF format. It can be saved with a maximum of 256 colours and supports 1-bit transparency. Filesizes when saved in a capable image editor like FireWorks will be noticeably smaller than the GIF counterpart, as PNGs save their colour data more efficiently.
PNG-24 is another flavour of PNG, with 24-bit colour support, allowing ranges of colour akin to a high colour JPG. PNG-24 is in no way a replacement format for JPG, however, because it is a loss-less compression format. This means that filesizes can be rather big against a comparable JPG.
PNG’s main draw are alpha-channels. Instead of the rudimentary transparency options in other formats (where a pixel is either transparent or opaque), an alpha channel can specify the opacity of any pixel from 0–255, where 0 is fully transparent and 255 is fully opaque. This allows you to create a graphic that can be placed on top of any background colour and will retain a translucent effect, with the background showing through the pixels that are not opaque.
The problem with this — and there had to be one — is that IE6 doesn’t support alpha-channels. Once a new version of IE comes out with this vital support, you should see the effect springing up on trendy designers’ sites across the web.
And what of animation? PNG can be made into multi-image files through the MNG extension of the format, but browser support is patchy for this format. Stick with GIFs for your animations.
Where does all this leave the PNG format? It may take a good number of years to find widespread usage, but as it stands at the moment using PNG-8 in place of static GIFs will lower the filesizes of your images. There’s no reason not to adopt them now as the format you create your site icons with. wwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwwww A world of file conversions. All in one toolbar.

The FromDocToPDF toolbar offers convenient web search, homepage, and default search. More info.

Convert from PDF to DOC - and back again!
FromDoctoPDF™ has FREE conversions from 20+ file types with one click.
File Types: .PNG, .GIF, .JPG, .JPEG, .PDF, .TXT,
.DOCX, .RTF, .ODT, .WPD, .WPS, .SXW, .DOCM, .AZW,
.EPUB, .FB2, .LIT, .MOBI, .PDB, .EPS, .TCR, .TIF, .TIFF
sssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssssss