...oppressive government and consequently a tool of rebellion against the Party. Winston Smith and Julia fight for the freedom of knowledge that has been manipulated by the Party’s control of everyday and historical language. The Party has created a language called, “Newspeak” which uses the destruction of words to make it impossible for future generations to think for themselves. The role of language in 1984 defines themes of control and the decision to rebel or surrender in a dystopian society where mind control has finally been enforced through language. The Party’s influence on language becomes crucial for its existence when those in power realized that control of language is the control of thoughts. By hindering...
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...Have you ever been accused of doing something you know you didn’t do? Like your mom blames you for eating the last chocolate chip cookie when you saw your brother eat it. The same thing happened to Roxana Saberi, an American living in Iran to work as a journalist, except ten times worse. Roxana Saberi published stories for Feature Story News that were distributed all over the world. In 2006, her press accreditation was taken away twice before she was arrested on January 31, 2009. She was held by the Iranian Revolutionary Court on the belief that she was a spy. After being held in prison for over five weeks, Saberi was allowed to meet with an attorney. Her captures claimed she had obtained classified documents, which were really public information,...
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...Loyalty and Rebellion in 1984 Loyalty and Rebellion are the root of nearly every civil war ever fought. The two opposites rival each other as one side remains loyal to the governing power, and the other side rebels against the loyalist ways until all out war is fought. George Orwell's incredible novel, 1984, exemplifies these two ideas but in a slightly different light. In the book, Winston Smith and his lover Julia come together as two rebels against the overbearing Party that ultimately leads to their emotional destruction. In the throes of their love they profess their undying loyalty to each other, bringing the wrath of the Party down on them. By tying their loyalties to somewhere other than the party, Winston and Julia rebel against the party. Loyalty is Power. In 1984 the only goal of the Party is to have complete, absolute, pure power. O’Brien explains this to Winston saying, “The Party seeks power entirely for its own sake. We are not interested in the good of others; we are interested solely in power. Not wealth or luxury or long life or happiness: only power, pure power... Power is not a means, it is an end” (Orwell 263). He later explains that the Party's total domination will create a world of fear and torture, “There will be no loyalty, except loyalty towards the Party. There will be no love, except the love of Big Brother” (Orwell 267). In this way, O’Brien shows that loyalty to anyone else would mean a divergence from the power of the party, a rebellion. Since the...
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...adversity. How they deal with these failures and overcome them is an example of humanity and coming of age. The beginning of the movie pans out to German bombers flying over London. The Pevensies are seen rushing to a bomb shelter in their backyard. World war two is a time of adversity in it’s own terms. The Pevensie’s are living during the London Blitz, when Germans would constantly bombard English cities. The children learn quickly through the misery of having to leave war-torn London that living there is a failure within itself and that they must live in the countryside of Scotland to be safe. The children's father is fighting as a foot soldier in the British army. Peter, the eldest brother immediately takes on the parental role of the family, alongside Susan, his sister after his mother remains in London. Already the children have to grow faster than normal circumstances, as they have to be strong and guide the two younger siblings. This sets the tone of for the film, as the children experience a loneliness, heartache and frustration and great adversity inside the world of Narnia. Almost all the characters experience adversity in a variety of ways. The Wardrobe represents a parallel universe, where Narnia is also in a war the same time that Earth is. The first tribulations of adversity are shown in Mr. Tumnus, when he attempts to abduct Lucy and bring her the White Witch. Tumnus lives under the rule of the White Witch, as there has been a winter for two hundred years. One...
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...Introduction America wasn’t really into foreign expansion after the Civil War because they were still dealing with Reconstruction and stuff like that. However, at the end of the 19th century there was a momentous shift in U.S foreign policy. America Turns Outward Farmers and factory owners began to look for markets beyond American shores as agricultural and industrial production boomed. The country was bursting with a new power from the growth in population, wealth, and productive capacity. Overseas markets might provide a safety valve to relieve the pressures of labor violence and agrarian unrest. The “yellow press” of Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hurst described foreign exploits as manly adventures. Missionaries, inspired by books like the Reverend Josiah Strong’s Our Country: Its Possible Future and Its Present Crisis, looked overseas for new souls to harvest. Strong talked about the superiority of the Angelo-Saxon civilization and summoned Americans to spread their religion and values to the “backward people.” Theodore Roosevelt and Henry Cabot Lodge were interpreting Darwinism to mean that the Earth belonged to the strong and fit. This view was strengthened as: Europe partitioned Africa in the 1880s. Japan, Germany, and Russia extorted concessions from the Chinese empire. The development of a new steel navy also focused attention overseas. Captain Alfred Thayar Mahan’s book of 1890, The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660-1783, said that control of...
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...The Hell of Nineteen Eighty-Four. ). Did Orwell realise quite what he had done in Nineteen Eighty-Four? His post-publication glosses on its meaning reveal either blankness or bad faith even about its contemporary political implications. He insisted, for example, that his 'recent novel [was] NOT intended as an attack on Socialism or on the British Labour Party (of which I am a supporter)'.(1) He may well not have intended it but that is what it can reasonably be taken to be. Warburg saw this immediately he had read the manuscript, and predicted that Nineteen Eighty-Four '[was] worth a cool million votes to the Conservative Party';(2) the literary editor of the Evening Standard 'sarcastically prescribed it as "required reading" for Labour Party M.P.s',(3) and, in the US, the Washington branch of the John Birch Society 'adopted "1984" as the last four digits of its telephone number'.(4) Moreover, Churchill had made the 'inseparably interwoven' relation between socialism and totalitarianism a plank in his 1945 election campaign(5) (and was not the protagonist of Nineteen Eighty-Four called Winston?). If, ten years earlier, an Orwell had written a futuristic fantasy in which Big Brother had had Hitler's features rather than Stalin's, would not the Left, whatever the writer's proclaimed political sympathies, have welcomed it as showing how capitalism, by its very nature, led to totalitarian fascism? With Nineteen Eighty-Four, it is particularly necessary to trust the tale and not...
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...The Novel Project Your name: Giselle Gonzalez Your Novel: 1984 – George Orwell 1. Explain how the novel represents two or more concerns of its historical time period; these concerns may be economic, political, cultural, social, or moral concerns. Clarify the author’s view on one of the following as s/he presents the concerns: right vs wrong; conservative vs radical, or elite vs commonplace. Orwell published “1984” in 1948 just after the end of World War II. Although at this time, Hitler’s reign was brought to an end, Joseph Stalin, another ruthless leader was still in power. Though they were adversaries during WW II, both men shared acute similarities in their success towards creating a totalitarian government much like the one seen in “Nineteen Eighty-Four.” The ghastly, but impressive ease with which each ruler rose and remained in power is possibly what caused Orwell to focus so heavily on political concerns in his novel. While there are no direct allusions to the Adolf Hitler or Stalin, the political devices used by the Party to control Party members in Oceania are undeniably parallel to the manipulation and brutality that each ruler used to control government. Big Brother for instance, is a fearless leader who is loved by all of the Party members. Though it is never confirmed whether or not he is a real person or just an idea, citizens praise him almost instinctively, posters of him are found in every building, and badmouthing him is not only an act of audacity, but punishable...
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...Project About: “ Travel And Tourism of Switzerland” Flag: It may be hard to believe but the famous white cross on a red background has only been the national flag of Switzerland since the 19th century. The origins of the flag, though, date back to 1339 and the historic Battle of Laupen, when Confederate soldiers began using the white cross as their field sign. History: Switzerland evolved over many centuries from a loose alliance of small self-governing towns and states, beginning with the confederation of Uri, Schwyz and Nidwalden in 1291, to a fully-fledged federal state of 26 cantons. Despite periods of political, social and religious unrest, unity prevailed in the Old Swiss Confederacy. However, the French invasion of 1798 was to be a turning point in the country’s history, ushering in the first of several changes in government – the short-lived Helvetic Republic – that would continue until 1848. The birth of modern-day Switzerland was accompanied by the creation of a federal constitution that laid the permanent foundations for national cohesion and the pursuit of the common good, while upholding the country’s cultural and linguistic diversity Much of Switzerland’s landscape is covered by mountains – apparently inhospitable terrain for human habitation. And yet the routes across the Alpine and Jura mountain passes have brought in people and goods since prehistoric times. The Swiss Plateau, which stretches from Lake Geneva...
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...The 1960s was a decade filled with change. It started out with optimism among America’s youth that was unprecedented in history. Before too long headlines of civil rights, university reform, pacifist movement against the Vietnam War, women’s rights, and sexual liberation were made and the “Camelot” vision was quickly shattered. America’s youth began to revolt against the establishment and the foregone conclusion that they would adopt the lifestyle of their parents. In ten short years societal norms were turned completely around. Never before had change happened so quickly or been driven by the same group. This rapid change is breathtaking, considering most young people are generally naïve and disinterested in events outside their immediate scope. I have therefore decided to investigate what role the media played in the youth revolutions of the 1960s. This paper will identify media’s influence in driving change and analyze relationships between media, specific historical events, and the reaction of America’s youth. This will be achieved by looking at both primary and secondary sources to determine how much influence the media played in manipulating America’s youth via songs, marketing, and select writings. The media industry’s reaction to the social and technological upheavals of the twentieth century was to encapsulate the mantra “youth as fun” and sell it to America’s teens. . It was the social exposure that the media promoted that resulted in the heightening...
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...Contemporary Developments in Business and Management Kenneth Fee The University of Sunderland © 2013 The University of Sunderland First published September 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission of the copyright owner. While every effort has been made to ensure that references to websites are correct at time of going to press, the world wide web is a constantly changing environment and the University of Sunderland cannot accept any responsibility for any changes to addresses. The University of Sunderland acknowledges product, service and company names referred to in this publication, many of which are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks. All materials internally quality assessed by the University of Sunderland and reviewed by academics external to the University. Instructional design and publishing project management by Wordhouse Ltd, Reading, UK. Contents Introduction vii Unit 1 The contemporary world of business and management Introduction 1.1 1.2 The global business environment The importance of developments in the global environment Case Study 1.3 Organisational decision making and performance vii 1 3 10 14 17 19 19 20 Self-assessment questions Feedback on self-assessment questions Summary Unit 2 Globalisation Introduction 2...
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...1984 George Orwell 1949 Chapter 1 It was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him. The hallway smelt of boiled cabbage and old rag mats. At one end of it a coloured poster, too large for indoor display, had been tacked to the wall. It depicted simply an enormous face, more than a metre wide: the face of a man of about forty-five, with a heavy black moustache and ruggedly handsome features. Winston made for the stairs. It was no use trying the lift. Even at the best of times it was seldom working, and at present the electric current was cut off during daylight hours. It was part of the economy drive in preparation for Hate Week. The flat was seven flights up, and Winston, who was thirty-nine and had a varicose ulcer above his right ankle, went slowly, resting several times on the way. On each landing, opposite the lift-shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption beneath it ran. Inside the flat a fruity voice was reading out a list of figures which had something to do with the production of pig-iron. The voice came from an oblong metal plaque like a dulled mirror which...
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...1984 By George Orwell Download free eBooks of classic literature, books and novels at Planet eBook. Subscribe to our free eBooks blog and email newsletter. Part One 1984 Chapter 1 I t was a bright cold day in April, and the clocks were striking thirteen. Winston Smith, his chin nuzzled into his breast in an effort to escape the vile wind, slipped quickly through the glass doors of Victory Mansions, though not quickly enough to prevent a swirl of gritty dust from entering along with him. The hallway smelt of boiled cabbage and old rag mats. At one end of it a coloured poster, too large for indoor display, had been tacked to the wall. It depicted simply an enormous face, more than a metre wide: the face of a man of about forty-five, with a heavy black moustache and ruggedly handsome features. Winston made for the stairs. It was no use trying the lift. Even at the best of times it was seldom working, and at present the electric current was cut off during daylight hours. It was part of the economy drive in preparation for Hate Week. The flat was seven flights up, and Winston, who was thirty-nine and had a varicose ulcer above his right ankle, went slowly, resting several times on the way. On each landing, opposite the lift-shaft, the poster with the enormous face gazed from the wall. It was one of those pictures which are so contrived that the eyes follow you about when you move. BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU, the caption beneath it ran. Inside the flat a fruity...
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...cover. Aside from reheating purposes, it gives you time to mentally prepare before taking a sneak peak inside to assess the food quality. At that point you then decide to either give in to hunger and dig in, or gently reseal the lid and order extra drinks—lots of them. Of course this is not the stuff of great tearjerkers, but it is especially during these times I become wistful and reminisce about my old life in Manila, back in the kitchen of my parents, lovingly fed in the kitchen of my father. I was an over-fed child back in the eighties. I grew up in a household bursting at the seams with food painstakingly prepared, planned, and meticulously replenished. If the coup d’état attempts during those turbulent years had eventually led to war and food shortage, my parents could have easily fed several families for months. Seriously. My dad’s “feed-my-family-philosophy” was to estimate what was actually...
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...The Origins of the Chinese Empire, to 220 C.E. these cities, built by rulers to move troops and supplies, were traveled by traders transporting such items as metal tools and utensils, lacquered wood plates and boxes, silk, pottery, gems, salt, and lumber. A money economy emerged, using copper coins called cash, with center holes for stringing them together for counting and carrying. China's towns and cities were likewise linked into a large economic system . Trade between China and distant lands A metal bell from the Zhou era. was difficult and dangerous, but by the era's end commerce was conducted by sea with Southeast Asia and by land routes crossing Central Asia. The Central Asian Connection Central Asia, a vast expanse to China's north and west where the climate was too dry for farming (Map 2), was home mainly to pastoral nomads who grazed herds on its plateaus and plains. Skilled on horseback, the nomads occasionally attacked Chinese settlements to carry off goods and supplies, but they also spread commerce and useful knowledge. Some nomads, for example, exchanged their Central Asian nomads connect China with other cultures Nomads and Chinese adopt horse riding and crossbows from each other Iron tools and weapons spread to China, enhancing farming and warfare hides, wool, and horses for Chinese silk, pottery, metalware, and wood products and then traded these items with other societies across Central Asia. Over time, connections with the...
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...Her father was a career airman in the United States Air Force, as a result, Collins and her siblings—two older sisters and an older brother—moved around frequently, spending time in numerous locations in the eastern United States as well as in Europe. The military, in fact, played a leading role in the family’s history. Collins’s grandfather had served in World War I, her uncle served in World War II, and the year Collins turned six, her father left to serve his own tour in the Vietnam War. War, consequently, was a part of life for Collins, something very real and not just an abstract idea. While her father was gone, she would sometimes see video footage of the war zone on the news, and she recognized that her father was there fighting. Though her father returned after a year, Collins’s connection to war didn’t end. In addition to being a soldier, Collins’s father was also a military historian and a doctor of political science. That knowledge and experiences serving in the Air Force and fighting in Vietnam had a profound effect on his relationships with his children, and he made sure they learned what they could about war. While other girls’ fathers were telling them fairytales, Collins’s father educated her about military history. When the family was moved to Brussels, Belgium, for instance, her father educated her about the region’s violent history and took her on tours of the country’s historic battlefields. Eventually, Collins attended Indiana University. There, she met the...
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