...| Research Paper Prospectus | Economics Capstone | 02/12/2012 | Since the U.S. banking crisis of 2007, more than 280 banks in the United States have failed and presently continue to do so. With the closures of these banks, jobs were lost; and the economy has suffered greatly. The banking crisis of 2007 has been considered the largest since the Great Depression. Many researchers, policymakers, economists, and other individuals blame the subprime mortgage market and its collapse for triggering the U.S crisis; many also wonder how such a relatively small market as subprime could cause so much trouble around in the U.S, especially financial institutions that did not get involved with subprime lending or with investment in subprime securities. This paper analyzes financial and economic circumstances associated with the United States financial turmoil that has led to the banking crisis. Section 1 analyzes the collapse of the subprime mortgage market in the United States and outlines factors associated with it. Section 2 outlines the economic factors that led to the banking crisis in 2007. Section 3 summarizes suggestions of research about how to remedy the current crisis and possibly avoid crises in the future. Section 4 will discuss the conclusion of the research. The first signs of the subprime mortgage market collapse in the United States were very high and unusual even for subprime market delinquency and foreclosure rates for mortgages originated in 2006 and 2007. Reinhart...
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...Financial Crisis Will Not Deepen Further Financial crisis occurs when the value of financial institution or asset price drops quickly. (Investopedia US, 2013) Today the world financial system is undergoing economic recession. It is assumed to have begun in the year 2007-2008. After the great depression US economy suffered a short term recession in 2001 but came out with it adequately. It also wide stood dotcom bubble bust, attack by terrorists and accounting scandals. Federal government decreased it rate 11 times from 6.5 in 2000 to 1.7% from the year 2000 in order to increase its liquidity in the economy. A man with no job, no income and no asset was able to afford a house mortgage. This rate was decreased to 1% in June 2003. In 2004 country’s elite banks like Lehman brother, Goldman sacs, Merrill lynch, Morgan & Stanley were relaxed with the net capital requirement 30-40 times. (Sivakumar and Krishnaswami, 2012)But after saturation point problem started rising with the rising interest rates. In 2007 it turned out to be a bad new when federal fund rate reached 5.25% in 2006. Many banks got erupted and with shortage of money. Central banks in several countries like UK, Europe central, Sweden, Canada, Switzerland, china etc help in adding world economy but failed. This economic crisis also exploded the economies of Arab nations, Japan, UK, Ireland, Greece, China etc. The consequences faced by these countries in the meltdown were low GDP, high inflation, low deflation, volatile...
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...| Name: Abhisek Rathi Matriculation Number: 22030512 Submitted To: Prof. Dr. Frank Brand Submission Date: December 17, 2012 Contents Introduction 3 Stock Market Co-Movement 4 Causes 4 Data Analysis 6 Observations 9 Implications 10 References 12 Introduction The global financial crisis of 2008 was the biggest economic crisis faced by the world since the great depression of 1929. The crisis started to brew in the US in 2007 and many believed it would be largely limited to the shores of the US. However, the collapse of Lehman Brothers in 2008 was sufficient to trigger a worldwide stock market collapse, the effects of which are felt to this day. The worldwide collapse of stock market can be understood by considering the world as a single big marketplace. Analysing the co-movement of various financial markets has gained importance in the recent past both for policy makers, in terms of policy co-ordination, and portfolio managers, for portfolio diversification. For policy makers, high co-movement would facilitate transition in local currency areas resulting in potential efficiency gains from stock market merger activities. This, in turn, will result in greater financial stability across the regions. However, for portfolio managers, high correlation between international stock markets would reduce the benefits of portfolio diversification creating the need of searching other assets with lower correlation. The past few decades have seen a continuous increase...
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...The financial crisis which began in July 1997 in the East Asian countries, Thailand, Indonesia, Malaysia and Korea, has had devastating effects on their economies. Growth rates in these countries which were in excess of five percent before 1997, turned sharply negative in 1998 and, at the time of this writing it is not yet clear when these economies will turn the corner and resume positive rates of growth. This paper examines why these countries, which were part of what has been termed "the Asian miracle" and were able to eradicate so much poverty, are now undergoing severe economic contractions, with such harmful effects on their populations. A breakdown of information in financial markets is the key factor that has driven this crisis. After laying out an asymmetric information view of the Asian financial crisis, this paper goes on to use this framework to explore lessons from this crisis. 1. An Asymmetric Information View of the Asian Crisis The financial system plays a critical role in the economy because, when it operates properly, it channels funds from those who have saved surplus funds to those who need these funds to engage in productive investment opportunities. The major barrier to the financial system performing this job properly is asymmetric information, the fact that one party to a financial contract does not have the same information as the other party, which results in moral hazard and adverse selection problems. An asymmetric information view of financial...
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...It is reasonable to say that the recent subprime mortgage crisis happened due to a complex combination of negligent practices by many of the multiple stakeholders directly involved in the real estate industry. That being said, the accounting profession, being the critical player that it was (and still is), played a critical role in the development of this economic crisis due to the practices that they used during the auditing process of key industry players in the market at that time. As a foundation to this argument, chapter one of the text states that, accounting is the process of identifying, measuring and communicating economic information about an organization for the purpose of making decisions and informed judgments. (Marshall-McManus-Viele). It is the accountants responsibility to identify and offer the relevant financial data necessary to make appropriate business decisions. In reading about cases such as the infamous New Century “mishap”, one gets the impression that the accounting methods used, completely misrepresented the current financial situation of the company which needed to show a strong financial situation in order to maintain it’s solid market position and continue to see a steady influx in transactions. After further review combined with KPMG’s involvement, they found themselves with inconsistencies that led to a more than significant hole in their numbers ultimately leading them to bankruptcy (along with other economic factors). Referring back...
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...Global Financial Crisis Impact and Challenges Shaikh Faisal. Assistant Professor Dr. Rafiq Zakaria Campus Millennium Institute of Management Aurangabad Introduction: The global financial system has undergone a period of unprecedented turmoil. Market confidence dwindled and has remained fragile, leading to the collapse or near-collapse of large, and in some cases systemically important, financial institutions, and calling forth public intervention in the financial system on a scale not seen for decades. The financial system has been severely weakened by mounting losses on impaired and illiquid assets, uncertainty regarding the availability and cost of funding, and further deterioration of loan portfolios as global economic growth slows. Finding a purely private sector resolution of financial market strains has become increasingly difficult, while case-by-case intervention by authorities has not alleviated market concerns. In response, more comprehensive approaches are now being considered or implemented to bring about a more orderly process of deleveraging and to break the adverse feedback loop between the financial system and the global economy. Such a comprehensive approach—if well coordinated among countries—should be sufficient to restore confidence and the proper functioning of markets and avert a more protracted downturn in the global economy. Significant writedowns have already been realized, but more may lie ahead. . . The estimate of aggregate write downs...
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...Declaration of Independence, 1776, [Online]). Although the circumstance in which it arose differed considerably, when coupled with the current financial crisis and its revelations of unethical practices, it is filled with irony. It is in this context that the report will adopt the position of internationl mandatory regulation as opposed to the voluntary option. For these ends it will employ several actors such as the Global Compact in order to demonstrate the organisations who are leading the way in Corporate Social Responsibility. However, as the report will show, due to its predatory nature, financial sector requires more than voluntary organisations. The crux of the argument is that regulation needs to be international due to the interconnectedness and interdependence caused by globalisation, and it needs to be mandatory due to the predatory nature of the financial system. Introduction: In light of the 2008 financial crisis, this report will argue for international mandatory regulations in the financial sector to enhance its Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). The banks for International Settlement and the Basel Committee have made positive steps to enhance understanding of key supervisory issues and improve the quality of banking supervision worldwide (Banks for International Settlement , 2012, [Online]). However, the crisis of 2008 and its devastating effects, not only showed that more effective mandatory regulation needs to be applied to control a predatory industry...
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...facing the world today, from the present financial crisis to the change in the world’s climate. A financial crisis is applied broadly to a variety of situations in which some financial institutions or assets suddenly lose a large part of their value (Wikipedia, 2009). Climate change, on the other hand, is described as the buildup of man-made gases in the atmosphere that trap the sun’s heat, causing changes in weather patterns on a global scale (Enviro- glossary). Larger countries are not the only ones that have been affected by these two issues, as smaller islands have also been affected. One such country is the small island state of Grenada. Developing countries and developed countries are all inter-connected, in that, any effect whether positive or negative on the economies developed countries affects the economy of developing countries. The first and second world countries have felt the ‘thump’ of the global financial crisis which have caused an increase in the rate of unemployment, decrease in consumer demand and spending and investments into developing markets. “The current global financial crisis is having an adverse impact on our country and on the performance of its economy” (Hon Tillman Thomas, 2009). The financial crisis has forced the Grenadian government to focus on ways to boost the economy from within, spending excessive amounts of money on stimulation packages for the economy. Unfortunately, because of this same crisis, investors have withdrawn their funds...
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...RESEARCH METHODS FOR FINANCE The IFRS measures impact on French bank securities volatility during the financial crisis In Group with Mr Duchemin and Mr Melloul Benjamin CNUDDE Introduction: The world of finance is from now global and has huge repercussions all over the planet as we could see during those last years of the recent recession. The subprime crisis triggered in the United States during the second half of 2006 has quickly turned into an international financial crisis with huge repercussions on the European financial markets. Banks and financial intermediaries were particularly affected by it because of the fair value accounting for financial instruments. As we all know, the real estate crisis in the United States has been the triggering element of the financial crisis which has initiated the international financial crisis we are facing now. Credit rarefaction and an obvious rise of market volatility were the fundamental consequences of the crisis. And to stop the proliferation of the crisis worldwide (especially provoked by the “toxic” assets owned by banks) comes the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) intervention. We will discuss if such an intervention has managed to prevent a rise of the French banks securities volatility. In the financial crisis we are passing through, many personalities criticized the installation of IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards), and notably concerning the impact on fair value. According to Christine Lagarde...
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...The Great Depression of 1929 put into context of the Global Financial crisis Economic development over the last years has been very volatile, so many comparisons have been made to past economic crises. This incident puts the Great Depression into a very recent context. The aim this paper is to outline the causes and effects of the Great Depression for both the USA and Europe. The Great Depression which started in October 1929 turned into the most severe global economic slump ever. After a brief introduction to the topic more detailed background information has been provided. The initial economic downturn directly tied in with the boom years of the Golden Twenties. It was mainly caused by over leveraged speculation and a decrease in the value of gold. The effects on the population in America and Europe were especially unemployment and the vaporization of saving because of an enormous stock market crash. For the economy the Great Depression meant that international trade nearly came to a standstill and a vicious circle was created as banks failed and credit was barely available. As a reaction to the Great Depression stock market- and banking regulations were put in place and welfare systems have been introduced in America and Great Britain. A step to fight the ongoing crisis was the foundation of the Salvation Army. The entrance into World War II marked a major mile stone for America. Especially new warfare related industries gave labour to American women while...
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...NAME: JOHNNY GROUP: ECONOMICS 3 Essay title critically analyse the causes of the global financial crisis in 2008. Consider how such a crisis can be avoided in future. Bibliographical entry: Krugman, P. (2009). The return of depression economics and the crisis of 2008. New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. Summary Krugman shows how the failure of management made the USA and the world experience the serious economics crisis since the 1930s. He also analyses the reasons why that the world economy moved into a deep recession in recent years. In addition, the irrational fiscal policy of the U.S.A. and Greenspan’s bubbles and the problems of banking are also explained by Krugman. Authority Krugman is the winner of the 2008 Noble Prize in economics. He is a high level author, columnist and blogger, and teaches economics and international affairs at Princeton University. Currency This book was published in 2009. It talks about not only the causes of the financial depression in 2008 but also the history of economic depression in the past. Although this book is not so recent, it can be used for my essay. Accuracy This book does not contain any references, but gives the authority of the author. From my reading of this book, it appears to be a reliable source. But, I analyse everything critically including this book. Audience The contents of this book are very academic, which requires economic background for the reader. So, it is very...
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... | |The 2008 Financial Crisis | |A Review and Critique | | | |Nicholas Makris | |12/4/2012 | | | Introduction The 2009 economic crisis was significant for two reasons: the rapid rate at which the free market constraints were dropped, and the lack of any stable resolution by the Left (Mellor, 2009). Tenets pertaining to market domination suffered a lethal crack owing to multiple nations realizing the inessential communization, rather than the actual, of economic arrangement (Mellor, 2009). The core of the problem was complicated, but simplification showed it was the nonstandard arrangement of the monetary system that created a complicated scope of financial tools and entities to be...
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...FINANIAL CRISIS 2008 AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE The business world is questioning whether Corporate Governance has become a mere catchphrase, divorced from the contentious problems it is supposed to solve… MEMBERS: AYUSH KUMAR-030 NIPEKSH I MAHAJAN-082 PRABHAV MISHRA-0 PRATEEK KUMAR-096 VAIBHAV JAIN-164 “Why should a financial engineer be paid four, four times... to a hundred times more than the real engineer? A real engineer build bridges, a financial engineer build, build dreams. And when those dream turn out to be nightmares, other people pay for it.” - Andrew Sheng “Contrary to the vulgar belief that men are motivated primarily by materialistic considerations, we now see the capitalist system being discredited and destroyed all over the world, even though the system has given men the greatest material comforts” - Ayn Rand “In fact, there is ultimately a limit to how much regulation can do. In the final analysis, you could write all the rules you want, but there has to be a philosophy of ethical behaviour that comes from human beings operating in a professional way” – William H. Donaldson, CFA “The global crisis was caused by “the over-50s not knowing what the under-30’s were doing” – Johann Rupert, Remgro Chairman “The first casualty of a downturn is truth” - Financial Times Columnist 30 Sept 2008 Introduction- The banking crisis was triggered by largely unregulated trading of complex financial instruments, including mortgaged-backed...
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...Introduction There have been some major financial crises in the world in the recent past. The crisis are the European Monetary System that occurred in 1992-1993, The Mexican crisis 1994-1995, the Asian crisis 1997-1998 and the recent global financial crisis 2007-2009. The recent financial crisis has affected the international trade. The financial crisis began in the United States in 2007 in the housing market resulting in foreclosures. The crisis continued to grow and eventually turned into a global financial crisis as well as an economic crisis. As a result, some major banks, insurance companies and investment houses faced bankruptcy while others needed financial aid to continue operating. Many businesses involved in the international trade have been struggling in their financial management during the credit crunch because a business is supposed to remain successfully even during crisis times. The managers in businesses involved in the international trade have had to make decisions to help their organizations stay afloat during the financial crisis. Economists are of the opinion that a financial crisis results from feeble economic fundamentals for instance, fiscal deficit, reduced foreign reserve and increased foreign debt among others. The financial crisis eased in 2009 but its effects were felt globally. The effects on the international trade occur because of the trade links among countries at the global market through a contagious effect (Glick & Rose, 1999). The contagious...
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...JARAF The Journal of applied research in accounTing and finance V O L U M E 3 , i s s U E 1 , 2 0 0 8 Old Wine in New Bottles: Subprime Mortgage Crisis – Causes and Consequences Michael Mah-Hui Lim Information Lost: A Descriptive Analysis of IFRS Firms’ 20-F Reconciliations Marlene Plumlee and R. David Plumlee Negative Goodwill: Issues of Financial Reporting and Analysis Under Current and Proposed Guidelines Eugene E. Comiskey and Charles W. Mulford Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1263280 JARAF The Journal of applied research in accounTing and finance Publication Information JARAF - The Journal of Applied Research in Accounting and Finance is a scholarly peerreviewed journal jointly published by The Centre for Managerial Finance at Macquarie Graduate School of Management and the Faculty of Economics and Business at The University of Sydney. All journal articles published in JARAF are subjected to double-blind peer-reviews by qualified international experts. Months of Distribution: July – December Current Edition: Volume 3, Issue 1 (2008) ISSN 1834-2582 (Print) ISSN 1834-2590 (Online) Editors Tyrone M. Carlin Professor of Financial Reporting & Regulation Faculty of Economics and Business The University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Nigel Finch Director, Centre for Managerial Finance Macquarie Graduate School of Management Macquarie University NSW 2109 Australia Editorial Advisory Board Edward I. Altman Max L. Heine Professor...
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