...CRJ 341 Jonathan L. Kaiser Abstract Reentry is a challenge many offenders face once they are incarcerated and released into society. The term “reentry’” is a synonym for return and is defined as the act of going back to a prior place, location, situation or setting. Prison re-entry refers to the transition of offenders from prisons or jails back into the community. The concept of life in society is an important part of any reintegration of institutionalized people, including people who have been incarcerated for committing a crime. The institutionalization of a population leads to isolation, segregation and detachment of the elements of a company defining the basis of citizenship. Although individuals often returning to the community focus more on the choice of where they dwell, their long-term success in society is more likely to be dependent on the social roles they have chosen to play, to the extent that they will engage in the community and they have been prepared for this purpose during their incarceration or institutionalization. Reentry can help reduce recidivism as well as assist those who have been previously incarcerated to begin leading law abiding lives once released into society. However, overtime the importance of prisoner reentry has been drastically lowered with less emphasis on helping those to prepare for their release and with post release community integration. As a result, the shortage of reentry programs and limited responsibility of probation...
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...students in the United States have been largely ignored. The purpose of this paper is to discuss education issues regarding this student population . Topics covered include: admission, language and cultural adjustment, learning experience, practicum and internship, thesis and dissertation, reentry, and recommendations for future research . Many counseling psychology education programs in the United States are committed to increasing diversity in their student body by recruiting students from different demographic backgrounds (e .g ., sex, age, geographic location, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, physical disability, etc .) . Some programs are more successful than others in this effort . However, a diverse student body also demands special attention in education programs . It is obvious that students from different backgrounds may have different needs and concerns . Unfortunately, some programs tend to treat everybody the same way with limited assistance for the professional growth of students from diverse backgrounds . International counseling psychology students in the U.S . are among those whose needs and concerns are largely ignored . International students constitute a significant portion of the student population and they certainly contribute to diversity in counseling psychology by bringing in different cultures, backgrounds, philosophies, conceptualizations, counseling skills, and research ideas and skills . However, cultural differences also lead to unique education...
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...One of utmost concern to policymakers, program administrators, practitioners and members of the public is sex offenders’ return to the community from incarceration. This is mostly attributed to the harm caused to victims and society when these individuals re-engage in similar or worse forms of crime. In the year 2006, the Congress enacted the Adam Walsh Child Protection and Safety Act which required that state sex offender registry be created and data collected from every state sent to a national database. The aim of this initiative was to provide important information to authorities as well as help protect members of the public and children to be specific who were often victims of sexual assault. This law has had its ups and down, for instance,...
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...Running head: MASS INCARCERATION AND PRISONER RE-ENTRY MASS INCARCERATION AND PRISONER RE-ENTRY Mass Incarceration and Prisoner Re-Entry Student’s name: Tutor: Course: Date: Introduction The objective of a large number of the prisoner reentry programs is to ensure effective prisoner rehabilitation back to the community in order to reduce the likelihood of recidivism. While there have been increased efforts by the government organizations and other not-for-profit organization to promote effective reentry, the effectiveness of these programs are based on the efficiency of the strategies. Studies indicate that the rates of recidivism are greatly reduced where effective reentry programs are utilized (Baglivio, Wolff, Jackowski, & Greenwald,...
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...system. The research included in this paper examines different approaches made by criminal justice professionals to help reduce the rates of recidivism. Recidivism refers to an offenders relapse to criminal activity, causing reentry to the criminal system. Millions of adults in the U.S. are currently in the criminal system, whether it be incarceration, parole or probation (Ph.D., 1998). The Bureau of Justice Statistics found in a study that 404,638 state prisoners from 30 states were released in 2005. Out of that number, 67.8 percent of these offenders were re-arrested within three years of their release and 76.6 percent were re-arrested within five years (Dickson, 2014). According to the U.S. Department of Justice (2009), at least ninety-five percent of state prisoners will be releases from prison and back into the community at some point (Schmidt, 2010). Majority of the prison population is a result of drug offenses and most offenders who make up the recidivism rate are drug users (Ph.D., 1998). Criminals who commit drug and sex related crimes, tend to be the most repeated offenders. With little resources and options, these released offenders will often times find themselves converting back to their old ways? State and local governments spend hundreds of millions of dollars every year on services and programs targeted towards reducing recidivism rates (Center, 2015). Often times the government does not have the necessary information to ensure what approaches and programs are effective...
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...Running head: Juvenile Reentry Juvenile Reentry Making an Effective Transition Jodi Calvert Capella University PSF 5372 – History of the Juvenile Criminal Justice System Abstract This paper explores the transformation of the Juvenile Justice System over the past century and how it impacts today’s youth. Juvenile delinquency has become a well-known phenomenon as youth have taken experimentation and violence to a new level. More adolescents are being diagnosed with medical disorders while many find themselves not having the means to access the proper treatment. Family and moral standards are not as they were a century ago and the economic strain of today can make it difficult for children to develop the necessary skills to transition through their developmental stages. Chaos, confusion and loss of identity play a significant role in many of the adolescents that find themselves in contact with the Juvenile Justice System. New interventions for these adolescents are greatly needed to improve not only their own well being, but to create a prosperous community. Juvenile Reentry Juveniles are released from institutions across the country everyday, but many do not have the knowledge required to make permanent changes for themselves, their families, and their communities. The first Juvenile Court in the United States was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1899 and within 25 years all but two states had established separate juvenile justice...
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...There have been several empirical research materials providing evidence on the success of prison educational programs in reducing the return to prison rates. First and foremost, in Michigan, the Prisoner Education proponents have expressed the importance of educational programs for the ex-convicts while being incarcerated in reducing the rate of recidivism as documented by Brunton-Smith and Hopkins (2014). The primary goal of several prison education programs is to offer behavior correctional lessons while providing instructions that will help refine the convicts’ behavior to meet the behavioral norms of the general public. Skills are incorporated into the prison educational curriculum which is made up of basic skills of literacy and essential...
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...Reentry Back Into Society Tanina C. Jones Troy University Survey of Law Enforcement February 24, 2013 Abstract This research paper is about inmates who are released into society. It all started with the second chance act which allowed inmates to start their life over in a much better way as possible. When an inmate is incarcerated they go through various different phases. Which is an institutional phase, the step down phase, the community release phase. And the after care services which prepare offenders for their new future. The second chance act which was signed into the law on April 9, 2008. The act stemmed from the omnibus crime control and safe street act of 1968. The whole process considered of improving programs and resources for offender being released back into society. These programs consisted of employment assistance, housing, family programming, mentoring and also victims support. But before these programs are attended upon release, inmates goes through an institutional phase, the step down phase, community release phase. And the after care services which help them continue to stay on the right path while being into society. When an inmate is institutionalized it makes them a different person it changes there whole mind set. And when a person has become institutionalized for so long it means they cannot properly function outside of a prison. And while they are incarcerated some of them experience many psychological effects which stem from being in prison. Such...
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...For this research and analysis paper we were assigned Section VII and VIII in the Corrections textbook by Stohr et al. Section VII (seven) covers parole and the reentry of prisoners. Section VIII (eight) elaborates on the experiences of the correctional staff members. I found these two equally important yet interestingly contradictory ideas to cover together. Both sections are full of information and relates well with the extra research on the specific topics. Summary and Analysis: The introductory information contain in Section VII was relating origin and history of parole. What was interesting that I did not know previously is that we adopted the term parole from the French, and it means “word of honor”. This was quite an icebreaker from the authors introducing what parole truly should be. I hadn’t truly thought about the fact that parole is still a somewhat new concept just 170 years old. I state that the parole concept still is somewhat new, because the correctional concepts in previous chapters that we have read about reach farther back into history than parole does. Parole was concept that was just introduced into correctional community around the 1840’s...
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...Crime Causation and Diversion Paper Kendra V. Castro Maldonado CJA/374 Juvenile System and Process July 29, 2014 Prof. Victor Candelario- Vega Crime Causation and Diversion Paper As a prerequisite for the course, we were to analyze two different programs for juvenile offenders, this could be to prevent, to intervene or divert juveniles into committing any crime. On this paper, you will find two-intervention programs practiced in Puerto Rico, in a wish are focused to a certain type of crime or accountability. Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws. The program EUDL is focused on the prohibition of selling alcoholic beverages to minors, and it also focuses on the purchase and consumption of alcoholic beverages by minors. OJJDP's EUDL program supports and enhances efforts by States and local jurisdictions to reduce the availability of alcohol to minors. The program encourages close partnerships between law enforcement agencies and community groups involved in preventing and intervening in underage drinking. OJJDP also offers comprehensive training and technical assistance to guide States and communities in their efforts. Underage drinking contributes to youth violence, traffic injuries and fatalities, crime, suicide, high-risk sex, and a host of other problems. In 2005, underage drinkers (defined as individuals younger than21 years old) consumed 15 percent of all alcohol sold in the United States (Miller, 2006). To address this serious problem, the Office of Juvenile Justice...
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...This topic was explored in Craig Haney’s paper “From Prison to Home: The Effect of Incarceration and Reentry on Children, Families, and Communities”. In it, Haney discusses various aspects of psychological impact including dependence on the institution, hypervigilance, distrust and suspicion, emotional over-control, alienation, and more (Haney 2001). Some of those released carry the traumatic effects with them into society thereby affecting the broader community. For instance, Mika’il DeVeaux, previously incarcerated in New York State’s maximum-security prisons describes, “I remain haunted by the memories and images of violence … I can still see the murders I witnessed” (DeVeaux 2013). It is important to note that some policies result in long-term effects on some prisoners and that changes to those policies can...
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...Objectives Back to Top The Course Project is designed to provide you with an opportunity to research a topic of interest related to some aspect of correctional administration. This project is an effort to allow you to fully explore issues related to either correctional officials or prison inmates. This project incorporates all TCOs. Guidelines Back to Top The course project is worth 320 total points and will be graded on APA formatting; quality of research topic; quality of paper information; proper use of text citations; proper grammar, punctuation, usage, and sentence structure; and the deliverable components for Weeks 1, 2, 5, and 6. There are four components to the Course Project. • title page, topic discussion, and a list of three references • annotated outline • annotated bibliography • Final Paper Requirements • APA guidelines must be followed for all course component deliverables. • At least six authoritative, outside references are required for the annotated bibliography and the Final Paper. • All DeVry University policies are in effect, including the plagiarism policy. • The Final Paper isdue in Week 6of this course. • The Final Paper must be 8 to 10 pages of text in length, Times New Roman 12-point font, double-spaced, include a cover page, introduction or abstract, body of the report, summary or conclusion, and a works cited page. • Any questions about this paper may be discussed in the weekly Q & A Discussion topic or instructor e-mail. Course Project...
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...change in correctional policies. To spark the change in correctional policies recent studies have indicated that post secondary education programs have a significant correlation to reducing recidivism rates, prison costs, and prison population issues (Chappell, Cathryn A. 2004). Currently America makes up 5% of the world’s population, but accounts for more than 25% of prisoners incarcerated across other nations (Carson, A. & Sabol, W. 2012). This is a result of the political stance “get tough on crime”, a campaign that was started in the 1980’s that focused law enforcement agencies on combating drug crime (Spangenberg, 2004). This political stance is still prevalent today and has caused several problems for correctional facilities across the country. Prison facilities are unable to accommodate prisoners because of the lack of space for prisoners and lack of funding for beneficial programming” ( Erisman & Contrado 2005). Furthermore, prisoners are released from jail with no formal education or qualified job skills which typically leads them to resort back to criminal activities for economic gain; which causes high recidivism rates (Institute for Higher Education Policy 1994). Despite these issues Maryland and its neighboring states have began to implement cost effective Post Secondary Education programs. Post Secondary Education Programs seek to educate inmates through higher education courses to assist inmates ability to return back to society successfully as a law abiding...
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...Joycene Harrell CRM-430 Term Paper Week 5 Draft Summary for Prison Rehabilitation and Counseling Programs I chose to focus this term paper on the various programs offered to prisoners as part of their rehabilitation for introduction back into society. In today’s world there are many who believe that every one can be rehabilitated. The question should be asked; “does rehabilitation really work for everyone?” I will provide statistics on the success and failure rate, as well as which programs are most beneficial to prisoners. Whether rehabilitation and counseling works or not, something has to be done to assist prisoners in order for them to lead a normal life upon their release. I will discuss some of the many programs offered by various states ranging from “Pets in Prison” to obtaining college degrees. I will explain the various types of counseling offered to sex offenders, pedophiles and murderers. Those are a few topics I feel should have special interest in the counseling/rehabilitation area. I am sure most would agree that prisoners should receive some type of counseling and rehabilitation, but where do you draw the line on the rehabilitation services offered? Should the money from taxpayers be used to fund certain types of programs, how does the prison system decide who gets to participate in which programs, and how can counselors and judicial boards ensure there will be no regression? Those are just a couple of questions that will be answered...
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...Scholarly Commons 2007 Biomedical Research Involving Prisoners: Ethical Values and Legal Regulation Lawrence O. Gostin Georgetown University Law Center, gostin@law.georgetown.edu Georgetown Public Law and Legal Theory Research Paper No. 976413 This paper can be downloaded free of charge from: http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/facpub/479 http://ssrn.com/abstract=976413 297 JAMA 737-740 (2007) This open-access article is brought to you by the Georgetown Law Library. Posted with permission of the author. COMMENTARIES Biomedical Research Involving Prisoners Ethical Values and Legal Regulation Lawrence O. Gostin, JD U NTIL THE EARLY 1970 S , R. J. R EYNOLDS , D OW Chemical, the US Army, major pharmaceutical companies, and other sponsors conducted a wide variety of research on prisoners—a captive, vulnerable, and easily accessible population.1,2 During that time, approximately 90% of all pharmaceutical research was conducted on prisoners, who also were subjected to biochemical research ranging from testing diet drinks and simple detergents to studies involving dioxin and chemical warfare agents.3 From 1962 to 1966, for example, 33 pharmaceutical companies tested 153 experimental drugs at Holmesburg Prison in Philadelphia, including a Retin-A (tretinoin) study in which researchers did not seek informed consent and prisoners were not adequately treated for pain.4 By the mid-1970s, biomedical research in prisons sharply declined as knowledge...
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