...Research on intermittent fasting has become a popular topic as of late, although fasting has been a part of diets dating back to ancestral days. Food, back then, was not as prevalent as it is today and people had to fast until they could find something to eat, but now fasting is commonly done for dietary or religious purposes. “Intermittent fasting is not a diet, but a diet schedule that is purported to accelerate fat loss and muscle growth compared to traditional eating schedules,” (Simmons 2014). This article explores the different types of intermittent fasting, including Alternate Day fasting, LeanGains, and the Warrior Diet. It also details the positive metabolic effects, as well as the potential harms associated with intermittent...
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...Introduction The profound importance for microorganisms to operate at a maximum efficiency has lead to adaptations allowing for groups of processes to be functional when resources are available, while on the contrary remaining “dormant” when not in need. This has been accomplished at the molecular level by configuring clusters of genes together on the genome into operons that elicit a processive response in the presence of a specific metabolite. The Lac operon is responsible for the cleaving of the disaccharide lactose into two products. A myriad of components control the expression of the Lac operon when two conditions are met. First, the substrate, lactose, must be present. Second, no better substrate for example, glucose, is present (2). The three structural genes in the Lac operon are lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene lacZ encodes the tetramer, ß-galactosidase, which is responsible for hydrolyzing the ß-1,4 glycosidic linkage between galactose and glucose in lactose. The transport of lactose into the cell via the enzyme lactose permease is encoded by the gene lacY. The lacA gene encodes the enzyme, galactoside transacetylase, a trimer that transfers an acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to galactosides. Activation of these genes is dependent on the activity of a promoter and three operators based on the nutritional and environmental conditions available to the cell. The lac operon is a negatively controlled inducible operon that utilizes the product of the regulator gene lacI, to...
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...Introduction: The purpose of this experiment was to successfully transform pGLO plasmid into E.Coli cells. In the first segment of this laboratory exercise, one had to carry out a restriction digest. Restriction digestion is the process of cutting DNA molecules into smaller pieces with special enzymes such as, BamH1 and EcoR1. One had to determine which of the two plasmids, A or B, were pGLO or pWEB. A plasmid is a small circular DNA strand in the cytoplasm of a bacterium (Isite, 2013). In order to determine that, one had to use BamH1 and EcoR1 on two tubes each one with plasmid A and the other with plasmid B to observe the cuts made by each enzyme. The hypothesis for this segment of the laboratory exercise states that pGLO was plasmid B, and pWEB was plasmid A. PGLO is a plasmid which contains green fluorescent protein (GFP). GFP is found in the Aquarius Victoria jelly fish. These jelly fish have a bioluminescent protein that emits blue light. GFP converts the blue light into green light, and that is why these jelly fish emit green light. The pGLO was inserted into E.coli by using transformation. Transformation is the process of transferring genetic material between microbial cells (Tu 2008). Bacterial cells need to be in a state of competency prior to transformation (Isite 2013). Some bacteria naturally achieve this stage when nutrients and oxygen are low (Isite 2013). In the laboratory, bacteria were artificially induced with calcium chloride to be competent for transformation...
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...The Effects of Calorie Restriction on Aging by Jessica Swantek Introduction For ages, humans have been searching for ways to counteract the aging process. The legendary fountain of youth generated much attention in the past, and more recently, thousands of dollars have been spent each year on creams, pills, plastic surgery, and various forms of therapy designed to make one look and feel younger. So far nothing has been proven to reverse or even retard human aging, but scientists are finally catching a glimpse as to a dietary manipulation technique that might work. Preliminary Experimentation In the 1930s, Clive McCay, a scientist at the laboratories at Cornell University, experimented on his rats by feeding them less than they would ordinarily take for themselves, but without depriving them of nutrition to the point of starvation. He found that the food-deprived rats lived considerably longer than expected for a standard rat's life span, and about 33 percent longer than his control group of rats, which were fed as much as they wanted to eat (Weindruch 46). McCay didn't fully understand his results, and although published, they were generally disregarded by the science world (Man Immortal). Years later, Roy Walford, a nutritionist working at the University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, came across the documentation of McCay's experiments, and, using modern technology and mice instead of rats, picked up where McCay had left off (Man Immortal). Walford found...
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...The Effects of Calorie Restriction on Aging by christiano Introduction For ages, humans have been searching for ways to counteract the aging process. The legendary fountain of youth generated much attention in the past, and more recently, thousands of dollars have been spent each year on creams, pills, plastic surgery, and various forms of therapy designed to make one look and feel younger. So far nothing has been proven to reverse or even retard human aging, but scientists are finally catching a glimpse as to a dietary manipulation technique that might work. Preliminary Experimentation In the 1930s, Clive McCay, a scientist at the laboratories at Cornell University, experimented on his rats by feeding them less than they would ordinarily take for themselves, but without depriving them of nutrition to the point of starvation. He found that the food-deprived rats lived considerably longer than expected for a standard rat's life span, and about 33 percent longer than his control group of rats, which were fed as much as they wanted to eat (Weindruch 46). McCay didn't fully understand his results, and although published, they were generally disregarded by the science world (Man Immortal). Years later, Roy Walford, a nutritionist working at the University of California at Los Angeles Medical Center, came across the documentation of McCay's experiments, and, using modern technology and mice instead of rats, picked up where McCay had left off (Man Immortal). Walford found that...
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...Cloning and expression of α-Amylase gene from Bacillus subtilis in Pichia pastoris and Escherichia coli. Introduction Enzyme is a type of catalyst that present in living organisms used for many biotechnological functions in various industrial processing. It has a special characteristic that allows the chemical reaction to speed up without being altered, thus significantly improve the industrial productivity (Roy et al. 2012). Among various enzymes available in market, α-amylase has received a special attention in commercial production due to its widely used applications. α-Amylase contributed to 50% of the world enzyme production and has a great importance in many industries such as in food processing, laundry and also in pharmaceutical (Asgher et al. 2007). α-Amylase enzyme acts on α-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch substrate backbone leading to the formation of soluble maltodextrins, glucose and maltose (Vidyalakshmi et al. 2009). This characteristic is extremely useful especially in industries that require the hydroxylation of starch such as the production of sugar syrups. The α-amylase enzyme can be obtained from various sources such as plants animals and microbes (Ahmed et al. 2011). However, the naturally occurring enzyme is still insufficient to support all the industrial production and therefore, it is crucial to find a new alternative sources, which is cost-efficient and high yield capacity to meet the supply demand (Yin et al. 2003). In industries, the microbial...
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...traits are influenced by things like their genotype or their specific environment. Genomic markers can allow for a more direct comparison of closely related individuals (Ansari and Khan, 2012). In our case we focus on DNA extraction. The two basic parts of a DNA extraction procedure include the breaking of the cell walls to expose the DNA and the use of enzymes to remove contaminants. The DNA is analyzed for purity by taking the absorbance. The pure DNA is then visualized by gel electrophoresis. The DNA extraction of plant seeds is difficult because of their cell wall. The method used to break the cell wall includes grinding the seeds with liquid nitrogen. The addition of DNAzol is used to isolate genomic DNA (Chomczynski et al. 1997). Restriction enzymes are necessary to fragment patterns of the DNA and in turn making it easier to analyze the DNA through gel electrophoresis. BACKGROUND The purpose of our experiment is to extract the DNA from pepper seeds to be able to compare and contrast the similarities in their DNA. The extraction of DNA from a plant is slightly more difficult than that of mammals. This is due to the presence of a rigid cell wall. To overcome this problem, the pepper seeds are grinded using liquid nitrogen (Manen, Jean-François, 2005). The liquid nitrogen facilitates the pulverization of the seeds by flash freezing them and causes the outer shell to become fragile. Plant DNAzol is a guanidine thiocyanate and detergent...
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...never had a good relationship. Her jealously towards the victim was well known and they were seen in public one week prior to the incident arguing, which raises a red flag. Background The victim was a cheerleader in college and she was an honor student. She was murdered by multiple stabs and the guilty suspect disposed of the body in a dumpster near the library. Luckily, there was a trail of blood left at the scene and there was a blood sample that was connected to one of the suspects. The suspects narrowed down to her half sister who was very jealous of her and her ex-boyfriend. Similar to the procedure done in forensics the samples of the crime scene blood, the blood of suspect A and the blood of suspect B were combined with restriction enzymes and put through gel electrophoresis to determine which suspect’s blood matched the blood found at the crime scene. Results __Wide Range Marker / __Crime / / __Crime-Enz / / / __Suspect A / / / / __Suspect A-Enz / / / / / __Suspect B / / / / / / __Suspect B-Enz / / / / / / / __EL...
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... Nearly half of Americans come in contact with or personally know an individual who has anorexia. In fact, I am sure each one of us knows someone or knows of someone who has an eating disorder. My oldest sister has anorexia and I have sorrowfully watched her struggle daily with it. It happened gradually and without warning when she was only 12. She kept a journal of her daily calorie intake, and one of her entries read that she only had a small handful of nuts and bite of a brownie that day. Like my sister, anorexia is a growing problem among young women. Throughout this speech, you will learn of some aspects of this eating disorder such as its causes, preventions, and effects. Some signs and symptoms include the denial of hunger, withdrawal from usual activities and friends, refusal to eat certain foods or any food at all, and frequent comments about feeling “fat” even though dramatic weight loss is occurring. Many consequences happen as a result of Anorexia, such as an abnormally slow heart right and low blood pressure, reduction of bone density, muscle loss and weakness, severe dehydration which can lead to kidney failure, fainting and fatigue, dry hair and skin as well as hair loss, and the growth of a thin layer of hair covering the whole body called Lanugo, which is the body’s attempt to keep itself warm. Nearly 5% of all women worldwide suffer from Anorexia Nervosa, 90% of which are women between the ages of 15 and 24. Anorexia is a severe eating disorder characterized...
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...When many British settlers came to the new world, they were searching for the myths associated with that land. These myths commonly fell along the rights and freedoms that had been restricted in England. Along with restrictions on rights, the economic situation in England was dreadful. The masses of poor became homeless and jobless. Such restrictions on rights, like freedom of speech and freedom of religion, along with the obvious disparage between the rich and the poor, caused enough discontempt for masses of people to leave the nation in search for something better. These people heard the myths of the new world, being a land where anyone could become rich and free, and instinctively immigrated. These people, being influenced by the myths...
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...and coercion are each an example of an intolerable working-condition change that might establish a legal case for a constructive discharge claim, particularly if the employee willfully made or allowed the change as a form of illegal discrimination.” (Unknown 2013) To support this claim, the following conditions must apply * Recent and intolerable change * Decision must be deliberate and unjustifiable for business purposes * The employee must have a cause and effect claim that was presented in a timely manner to the change This is relevant because the employee claims that the policy change affects her/his religious beliefs and for this reason he/she had no other choice but to resign. The schedule change is mandatory has now been extended to include Sundays on a rotating calendar, which it is assumed that this conflicts with the religious belief in question which prohibits work on a holy day. According to the Society for Human Resource Management Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 “protects individuals against employment discrimination.” The discrimination categories that are covered under this act are as follows but not limited to * Race/ discrimination based on factors inherent to immutable characteristics *...
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...Unit 054 Principles for implementing Duty of Care in setting outcome 1 1. Explain what it means to have a duty of care? Duty of care in childcare settings means to keep children and young people safe, protecting them not only from physical harm but also from neglect, emotional and sexual harm and abuse. It is guarding the rights of the child in your care, as they have the right to be independent and to be treated with respect and dignity. This also includes respecting their rights, cultural beliefs and values of their parents and families. 2. How duty of care contributes to the safequarding or protection of individuals? In my role I have a duty of care to raise any concerns I may have about any aspect of my work. These can range from inadequate working conditions, poor equipment, and poor practice by other staff; to raising concerns about potential abuse cases and situations of neglect. It is my duty of care to safeguard individuals from harm. All employees should report any concerns of abuse they have. These might include evidence or suspicions of bad practice by colleagues and managers, or abuse by another individual, another worker or an individual’s family or friends. If I do not work in this way, I could be considered negligent or incompetent. If I am in any doubt at any time, I must discuss any issues I have with my supervisor / manager. Outcome 3 1. Describe how to respond to complaints Within my setting any complaint is handled seriously. All complaints...
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...stationed outside of Singapore’s boundaries have depicted a largely positive view of interfaith relationships, while domestic media outlets have stressed the unrest caused by religious divisions amongst Singaporeans. Historically, Singapore was known as a port-city with an “entrepôt” style economy, primarily due to its proximity to major South Asian, commodity-exporting countries. Today, Singapore’s favorable tax laws continue to make it a central figure in the South Asian economic landscape. Singapore is a country of roughly 5.5 million people and, due to economy and geography, is a culturally diverse city-state. Primarily Chinese, Indian, and Malaysian peoples comprise Singapore’s citizenry, with western businessmen representing a small sliver of the population and a large portion of the country’s wealth. Religious diversity within Singapore remains high; an estimated 83% of the population subscribes to a religious belief system. There are five predominant faiths within the country, with no one comprising more than 30% of the population. In aggregate, members of Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Taoism, and Hinduism constitute 99.153% of all religious practitioners. Not surprisingly, the government of Singapore has realized the importance of maintaining a neutral position and ensuring no one religious group acquires political or social dominance over another; Singapore’s political stability has been the driving force behind foreign investment and national prosperity. In...
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...Liberty University The Contribution of Baptists in the Struggle for Religious Freedom A Research Paper Submitted to Dr. Jason J. Graffagnino in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Course CHHI 665 Liberty University Baptist Theological Seminary by Brian M. Hyde Lynchburg, Virginia Saturday, December 6, 2014 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 IN THE BEGINNING 2 THE STRUGGLE IN ENGLAND 4 THE STRUGGLE MOVES TO THE NEW WORLD 7 CONCLUSION 11 WORKING BIBLIOGRAPHY 14 INTRODUCTION In this nation, and in much of the Western world, the right of each individual to worship as his or her own conscience dictates, or not to worship at all, is one that is all too often taken for granted. Few consider the tremendous lengths gone to and the enormous price paid by so many to obtain and preserve this right. In the United States when one does reflect on this matter his or her thoughts rightfully focus on the many men and women of the armed forces who fought to gain and keep the freedoms the citizens of this nation enjoy. What is often overlooked is the contributions of Baptists in the centuries long struggle to obtain religious freedom. Their struggle began not in the American colonies but rather in England a century earlier. “The freedom of religious belief and behavior which modern Baptists and others take for granted was forged in the crucible of persecution in seventeenth-century England” McBeth adds that, “No group can claim more credit for the Act of Toleration, passed by Parliament...
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...The Causes of War Summer Hansborough POL 300 004016 What causes opposition? Imperialism, nationalism, Social Darwinism, and militarism are causes of war, and I narrowed it down to the following; freedom, money, ideologies, race, religion and land. Although these are causes of war, in most cases, the ultimate cause of war is an elitist mentality. One believing their ideologies, race, policies and beliefs are superior to those that do not fit in or follow that particular system. What are the causes of war? An age old question that no one has yet to give a definitive answer. What is war? One definition explains war as an aggressively armed battle between conflicting people. Another definition explains war as fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons. To sum it all up, war is a condition of active animosity or contention and it is not exclusive to people. There are many kinds of war, such as is the war on drugs, the war on terrorism, political wars, and the war on AIDS. The war on AIDS is interesting, because it’s not a war apposing people, but a virus, a disease. According to the bible, our war is not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, wickedness and power in high places. (bible, 2005) A system, which is designed to bring order and uniformity, is an attribute to the causes of war. A system is vital to administer order to society. In the early days, before America established its own money system, America used...
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