...Introduction The Philippines is one of the three countries granted exemption in 1995 from the removal of quantitative restriction (QR) on rice under Annex 5 of the World Trade Organization (WTO) agreement. Japan and South Korea are the other two countries. The exemption will expire on December 31, 2004. The primary objective of the paper is to look at the possible poverty and distributional effects of the removal of the QR and the reduction in tariffs on rice imports. In particular, the paper attempts to analyze the following issues: (a) Do the poor share in the potential gains from a freer market for rice? (b) What alternative or accompanying policy measures may be needed to ensure a more equitable distribution of the potential gains from a more liberalized market for rice? (c) What is the transmission mechanism in which the removal of the control may affect the poor? These are some critical issues that the government may have to address as it implements market reform and opens the economy for imported rice. Rice is the staple food of about 80 percent of Filipinos, and therefore a major item in the consumption basket of consumers. It is the single most important agricultural crop in the Philippines, and therefore a major source of income of millions of Filipino farmers. Because of its political significance, the government is heavily involved both in the supply and distribution of rice to assure consumers sufficient and stable supply of rice at low prices and to maintain a reasonable...
Words: 1000 - Pages: 4
...http://kidney.yale.edu Educational Objectives Review physiology of ultrafiltration and impact of membrane transport characteristics. Discuss fluid balance in PD with focus on clinical needs, goals and effect on outcomes. Identify areas of interventions for optimization of fluid removal. Identify patients at risk for fluid retention. Review role of alternative osmotic agents: Icodextrin. Review ISPD guidelines and clinical algorithms for fluid management in PD. Physiology of Ultrafiltration Trans-capillary fluid movement: Osmotic gradient (first and foremost). Hydrostatic pressure (much less so). Membrane function / surface area. Lymphatic re-absorption. Physiology of Ultrafiltration: Structure of the Peritoneal Membrane Physiology of Ultrafiltration: Water, Glucose and Sodium Movements Na H2O Capillary Peritoneal Space Glucose Aquaporin mediated: 50% Intercellular: 50% Glucose transporter mediated: minimal Intercellular: >90% Physiology of Ultrafiltration: Sodium Sieving with 3.86% Dextrose Dialysate LaMilia et al, Nephrol Dial Transplant (2004) 19: 1849-1855 Physiology of Ultrafiltration: Effect of Sodium Sieving on Na Removal 250 200 150 100 50 0 Na removal CAPD APD Icodextrin Rodriguez-Carmona, PDI 2003 (22): 705-713. Physiology of Ultrafiltration: Crystalloid versus colloid osmosis Blood in Peritoneal Capillaries urea creatinine Endothelium macromolecules glucose Mesothelium crystalloid colloid osmosis osmosis ...
Words: 1016 - Pages: 5
... The Government has stated that the decision to advise the Presdient to sack Ms. Beniwal was taken after it came to light that she had misused the governor's office (in Gujarat) to make several unauthorized air travels, including to her home state of Rajasthan, at the expense of the state exchequer. Citing Gujarat Raj Bhavan records, the Government states that Ms. Beniwal flew out of Gujarat 63 times using the state aircraft between 2011 and 2014, with as many as 53 of these trips being to her home city of Jaipur. The Government also states that as chancellor of universities, she had allegedly started taking keen interest in appointment of vicechancellors. Ms. Beniwal denies these allegations and states that the sole motivation for her removal was political vendetta. She asks that the Court examine the decision to remove her through the prism of the uneasy relationship that she shared as Gujarat governor with Mr. Modi when he was chief minister. She states she had run-ins with Mr. Modi’s government over the appointment of the Lokayukta and other issues such as appointment of vice-chancellors and giving her assent to certain legislation. Ms. Beniwal claims that the President...
Words: 6543 - Pages: 27
...In order to trace the events that led to the eventual collapse of the Asian economies, one must venture across the ocean to the United States. The issue of liberalisation first gained attention in the US during the Regan Administration. However, it was during the Clinton era that liberalization became a top priority. Whereas previous governments had pushed for the liberalisation of Japan, one of Clintons main foreign policy objectives was the liberalisation of the Asian economies. This process was pushed forth in Asia with such vehemence because the region held a lot of investment opportunities for American Banks, Brokerages, and other financial sector businesses. Unfortunately, Asia�s economies were not structurally ready to deal with the influx of capital that was headed their way. They had weak banking and legal systems that were unable, or unwilling, to regulate the flow of foreign capital in the country. The Americans eventually persuaded Koreato relax its capital flow regulations by giving it the option of joining the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. Even then, Korea was concerned that its financial institutions may not be able to deal with an influx of foreign capital. One fatal mistake that Korea, as well as other Southeast Asian countries made, was that they opened their capital markets in the wrong way. They did not allow long term investments in Korean companies, but rather, only short-term investments that could be removed easily. One example...
Words: 906 - Pages: 4
...for the country, accounting for nearly one third of the country’s total exports. Therefore, the sector shoulders a major responsibility in enhancing the foreign exchange reserves. Despite strong domestic demand-pull, textile exports have witnessed steady growth over the years. The share of India's textile exports in the world has grown from 1.8% in the beginning of 80's to around 3% at present. The advantages arising from a strong raw material base, a well established yarn and fabric industry and relatively low labor cost has led to quick growth in textile exports, from an insignificant base of less than US $3 million in the beginning of 70's to nearly US $ 12-13 billion. However, with the lowering of tariff barriers, removal of quantitative restrictions and the phase out of MFA regime, the textile industry is poised to enter an era of fierce competition, not only in exports but in the domestic market as well. All these developments are bound to have some effects on Indian textile trade and industry. To meet the emerging competition, the Government is continuously providing an enabling environment for the industry to be globally competitive. Realizing the vast export and employment potential of textile and clothing industry on one hand and the challenges it faces, a cohesive set of policy initiatives are being taken. The new Textile Policy 2000 (NTxP-2000) has been announced to provide the policy direction for orderly and sustained development and growth of the textile...
Words: 535 - Pages: 3
...Most Americans believed Indians had no place in the white republic. Andrew Jackson’s hate toward Indians ran deep. Jackson fought against the Creek in 1813 and the Seminole in 1817, and his reputation and fame depended on in large measured on his firm commitment to get rid of Indians from the states of the South. The 1830 Indian Removal Act and consecutive movement of the Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Cherokee tribes of the Southeast satisfied the vision of a white nation and became one of the identifying marks of the Age of Jackson. Jackson had indicated that Indian groups living independently within states, as sovereign entities, presented a major problem for state dominance. This message was specified directly to the situation...
Words: 326 - Pages: 2
...Maintaining Fluid Balance: A Health Promotion Paper Victoria Mendiola Excelsior College Health Assessment and Promotion in Nursing Practice NUR442 Dr. Deborah Mandel December 8, 2012 Maintaining Fluid Balance: A Health Promotion Paper • • . INTRODUCTION Fluid overload is a major clinical issue in patients with end stage renal failure. Oftentimes, unresolved and unaddressed fluid overload leads to congestive heart failure. Congestive heart failure is a progressive and systemic disease process that involves the interaction between the heart and kidneys. (Krishnan, 2007). Over time, worsening heart failure coupled with progressive kidney failure leads to diuretic resistance, consistent fluid volume overload and refractory heart failure. (Francis, 2006). Fluid balance is a goal for ESRD patients and should be one of the priorities for health promotion and prevention education. Fluid Overload and the Peritoneal Dialysis Client It is important to note that the client in this paper was diagnosed in 2007 for ESRD and hemodialysis treatment was initiated for this client right away. Initially, patient was getting three times a week dialysis treatments in-center. However, in the last three years, the client’s dialysis treatments were raised to four times per week to avoid fluid overload. Per client’s report, within the last year he would have 1-2 episodes of shortness of breath every three months ending in hospitalizations for congestive heart failure (CHF). In...
Words: 2301 - Pages: 10
...Tyler Bray Dr. Hooper ENG 110 12 November 2017 The Appalachian Mountains are being blasted and disfigured every day by the process known as mountaintop removal mining. The natural landscape is being forever changed and the effects are detrimental to the environment surrounding it and the people surrounding it. It benefits a small number of corporations at the expense of the environment and communities existing in neighboring areas. In fact, over 1.2 million acres of once lush forests and over five-hundred mountains in the Appalachia’s have been completely destroyed by mountaintop removal coal mining (Perks 1). Mountaintop removal mining has created an extensive amount of problems in the Appalachians including human health, community,...
Words: 1345 - Pages: 6
...SUBJECT: TRADING HALTS WEEKLY UPDATE - REMOVAL FROM EX BY EX PROCESSING RE: EQUITY OPTION EXPIRATIONS As of December 1, 2015, trading has been halted in the underlying securities listed below, or events have occurred which have prompted OCC to remove options on such securities from automatic exercise in expiration processing. If the issues surrounding these events are not resolved prior to the expiration date for the affected options, these options will not be subject to OCC’s automatic exercise thresholds in expiration processing. If OCC becomes aware that the issues have been resolved, automatic exercise thresholds will be restored prior to expiration. Please note the removal of automatic thresholds will affect ALL options on the affected security and ALL expiration dates: “standard” equity option expiration (the third Friday of the month), weekly expiration (Fridays), daily FLEX option expirations, and quarterly expirations. Holders of long positions in these affected options will need to make independent determinations of the value of the option deliverables in deciding to exercise, or not exercise, any expiring long position. This policy regarding halted securities in expiration processing is described in OCC Information Memo 27391. OPTION SYMBOL SECURITY NAME UNDERLYING SYMBOL NBG National Bank of Greece S.A. NBG Please note that FLEX options introduced after this Information Memo has been published will also be subject to removal from automatic exercise thresholds...
Words: 674 - Pages: 3
...Social justice issues: child removal, racism, transgenerational grief effects, overrepresentation in criminal justice systems, dispossession of land, lack of access to basic health and wellbeing needs, etc. Selected social justice issue: Child removal Aboriginal children have been subject to intervention by European people and governments since. In the days of protectionism, Aboriginal people were theorised to be an inferior and therefore dying race (under social Darwinism) and therefore in need of protection by public health and order interventions including provision of shelter, food, clothing and religion; and eradication of cultural knowledge, values and beliefs through dispossession of language, land, etc. In some respects child protection...
Words: 767 - Pages: 4
...Steven “John” Worthing Assignment 4 4.1 Restriction are considered relation because each row need one 4.2 relations is 2 dimensional table Tuple are rows Attributes are column File is data Record is data in a table Table is a group of data Rows is a line of data Column is a a line of data but going up/down 4.3 functional dependencies is a relationship between/or among attribute Class - student Student dorm Student email Student loans 4.4 no, because there can be many functional ids 4.5 determinants are the left side of the arrow 4.7 keys is a group of one or more attributes that are uniquely identifies a row 4.8 yes and yes 4.9 Deletion anomaly is a removal of a row of data but it also removes every relationship with that row. Ex: a removal of a computer in an inventory with everything to do with that computer 4.10 Insertion anomaly is adding an entry in a database but can because it hast. Ex: adding a computer to a computer inventory but cant 4.11 4.12 second normal form is the second step in normalization in a database. 4.13 third normalization form is the 3rd step in normalizing a database 4.14 BCNF is a form of database normalization 4.15 multi-value dependency occurs when the presence of one or more rows in a table implies the presence of one or more other rows in the same tables. Ex: Car Company that manufacture many models of cars, but always make both red and blue colors of each models. 4.16 4.17 Forth-normal form is...
Words: 333 - Pages: 2
...Introduction North Cyprus economy has been under economic embargoes for many years, and has been struggling to eradicate the income difference with the south of this island with extremely limited facilities. Successive governments have accordingly developed distinctive responses to cope with these difficulties. The political division in Cyprus has been a long standing political dispute of the world political scene. Despite various attempts by the international community, the division in the island still remains as it is; the Turkish side on the north and the Greek side on the south. The Turkish community on the northern side has been struggling for political recognition as a sovereign state by the international community, and has been under sever political and economic embargoes since 1983. So far, Turkey has been the only country that recognizes the sovereignty of North Cyprus, and has established close political and economic ties with it. In particular, economic isolation from the world economy to generate foreign currencies sources, which are inevitably required for a sustainable development of a small island economy, and this leaves North Cyprus economy extremely dependent on the Turkish economy and foreign currency inflows. In additional to political problems, North Cyprus also deals with economic problems of being a small island with limited natural resources and a very small domestic market which constitutes insufficient domestic demand that is required for...
Words: 3167 - Pages: 13
...heavily regulated, right from cane to sale of sugar. There is a minimum support price for sugarcane and over and above that there is a state advisory price. Sugarcane command area is determined and approved by state governments. Sugar mills can't sell freely in the open market as there are quotas for open sale. "There are multiple spokes in the wheel now. Besides, with nearly 12 to 15 crore people involved with the sugar business, we need to see in what form and shape the decontrol happens. Ideally, total decontrol is the best," K Jayachandra, joint MD of Empee Sugars and Chemicals, told TOI. Pawar acknowledged that sugar sector was heavily regulated. "This is the time (millers) and the government should sit together to decide on easing restrictions on sugar sector," he said. Upon receiving the news, sugar stocks flared up at the bourses. Almost all sugar stocks ended the day with gains. Simbhaoli Sugars was up 5.2% at Rs 42.7, Balrampur Chini improved by 3.8%, Shree Renuka was up...
Words: 1252 - Pages: 6
...The Agrarian Crisis in India: The Root Causes The declining contribution of the agriculture sector towards India’s GDP is questioning the status of this sector as the backbone of the economy. With time agriculture is turning into an economically unviable activity with almost no profitability pushing the sector in a state of crisis. The following report analyses how the agrarian crisis can largely be attributed to the economic reforms in India since 1991. Lack of Easy Credit to Agriculture and Dependence on Money Lenders In 1969, 14 major commercial banks were nationalized with one of the objectives of developing banking sector in rural areas and providing easy institutionalized credit to the farmer. Soon these banks became the major source of affordable credit in the rural market particularly for the small and marginal farmers. However in the era of neo liberalization, since 1991, the nationalized banks started reducing their commitment below the prescribed 18 per cent, while the cooperative banks turned sick and failed to provide credit. With the implementation of the recommendations of the Narasimham Committee on Banking Reform post 1991, some of which included the decontrol of interest rates, large scale closure of rural branches for rationalized branch networks, the national effort towards developmental and social banking for farmers came to an end. This squeezed credit lines to farmers and led to a drastic fall in the credit flow to agriculture. In Andhra...
Words: 1296 - Pages: 6
...The Quabbin Reserve is a heaven to hunters. Because of restrictions this area has been preserved and is beautiful. However what makes it special is the amount of deer. Hunting is not allowed and these animals manipulated very fast. The problem is how to control the deer population. Singer would want the best for the most amount of people; in this case “the people” are deer. Tom Regan may say that the animals have the same rights as humans. Either way the situation needs to be handled with respect to Singer’s and Regan’s views. Regan calls animals “subjects-of-a-life”. He also uses the same terminology for humans. Regan believes animals should have the same moral rights as humans. He believes an infant or a mentally retarded man should be treated the same as a normal person. However the death of an animal may not be as important to the death of a human being because fewer opportunities are lost. He looks at what a person could accomplish in his lifetime and compares it to what an animal could accomplish and the human overrules. These views can be challenged in the Quabbin reserve. We simply cannot kill the deer because they have rights. However the death of a deer is not equivalent to the death of a human. But I cannot justify killing hundreds of deer with Regan’s view. The deer are not harming us so it would be immoral to kill them. On the other side Peter Singer’s views differ a little bit. Going of the basic utilitarian idea "the greatest good of the greatest number" he...
Words: 534 - Pages: 3