...------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- Efficient Portfolio Construction ------------------------------------------------- Prepared For: Pallabi Siddique Assistant Professor Department of Finance University of Dhaka ------------------------------------------------- Prepared By: Yasir bin yousuf Roll-16-036 Sec-B Department of Finance University of Dhaka ------------------------------------------------- Date of submission: ------------------------------------------------- November 24, 2012 ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------- ...
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...Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 1.1 ORIGIN OF THE REPORT 3 1.2 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY 3 1.3 METHODOLOGY USED IN THE STUDY 3 1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 3 1.5 STUDY AREA 4 1.6 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY 4 Theoretical Overview 5 2.1 Economy of Bangladesh 7 2.2 Economic outlook 7 Industry Analysis 8 COMPANY ANALYSIS 9 ANALYSIS & INTERPRETATION 9 Conclusion 13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Today’s business world is so much competitive as a result every person has to be very cautious while taking an investment decision. Various types of analysis are performed by the investors to choose the most perfect securities. In a portfolio construction a person analysis the whole macro as well as micro economic scenario of a nation, in industry analysis the industry condition, movement is closely examined and in a company analysis the specific firm is analyzed to take a decision. This are steps of fundamental analysis.. In this report all this are performed on ten firms. Our selected firms are from different industries. All of these companies’ shares are category A shares in DSE. We have collected our necessary information from primary and secondary sources. In our entire report we try to focus on portfolio construction from an investor’s perspective. We have divided the topics of the report into different segments. First we have discussed about the origin of the report, objectives and scope of the study, the method of preparing the report, limitation of the study. Then we have chosen the companies...
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...equipment, especially companies that are in capital intensive industries such as the automobile industry. Those companies commit a great amount of their resources or assets to property, plant, and equipment. As a result, investors and creditors are greatly interested in the valuation of those assets. They carefully examine the financial statements of those companies and the valuation methods used to record the assets. Those investors and creditors rely on accountants to report the extent of amount committed to long term assets and to report the proper value of the assets. Cost is the preferred method used to record property, plant or equipment acquisitions. Unfortunately, it is not always easy to record long-term assets. There are different more complicated situations of recording fixed assets such as when recording self-constructed assets. Self-constructed asset is the long lived asset that has been constructed or made by the company itself. There are different costs that are incurred by the company when constructing an asset, and the issue of what costs should be capitalized as part of the asset`s cost arise. Generally it is agreed that all costs or expenses directly related to the construction process should be included as part of the asset`s cost. However, there are controversial issues regarding the assignment of fixed overhead costs and interests. Should any fixed overhead costs be assigned to the cost of the asset? And if yes, how much should be allocated? Should interest...
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...Running Head: INVESTMENT STRATEGY TUI UNIVERSITY Ford Foundation Investment Strategy James J. Chapa FIN 504 Module 1 Case Assignment Dr. Geoffrey Clarkson January 24, 2009 The Ford Foundation’s investment policies are a critical component of continued organizational success. To support its wide range of programs, the Foundation relies on a solid financial foundation and reliable sources of income. Quality investments provide part of this critical revenue stream. Setting a solid investment strategy requires an understanding of investment fundamentals, coupled with the investment goals of the Foundation. Analysis of these concepts shows why the optimal investment strategy for the Ford Foundation differs from that of other organizations or even individual investors, as the unique goals of foundations require particular investment philosophies. The Foundation faces financial decisions concerning not only how to use money today, but how to manage money and assets saved for later use. The methods used to save or invest this capital have a dramatic effect on the Foundation’s ability to achieve its mission in the future. Inflation constantly threatens to erode the future purchasing power of today’s savings. All investors must find ways to “put their savings to work,” seeking rates of return that compensate or overcome the effects of inflation and ensure adequate funds exist to meet future needs. First, investors must determine their goals....
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...T H E J O U R N A L THEORY & PRACTICE FOR FUND MANAGERS O F FALL 2013 Volume 22 Number 3 RISKBASED PORTFOLIOS special section The Voices of Influence | iijournals.com Pursuing the Low Volatility Equity Anomaly: Strategic Allocation or Active Decision? ERIK KNUTZEN ERIK K NUTZEN is the chief investment officer at NEPC LLC in Cambridge, MA. eknutzen@nepc.com FALL 2013 JOI-KNUTZEN.indd 75 I n the past several years, asset managers have built investment strategies based on historical evidence that lower volatility stocks earn superior risk-adjusted returns. These approaches are being called low volatility, managed volatility, minimum variance, or similar names. They seek to exploit what has been identified in studies by academics and practitioners alike as an equity pricing anomaly. This anomaly joins previously identified persistent stock market inefficiencies associated with low price-tobook and smaller company shares. This article evaluates the low volatility anomaly, its potential causes, whether it is likely to persist, and the role, if any, of low volatility equity investing in long-term investment programs. Based on historical information, we conclude that the low volatility equity anomaly appears to exist and can be explained by certain behavioral and structural biases of investors. But its continued existence into the future is less certain. We also observe that even well-documented anomalies experience multi-year...
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...charterholder, members of her team manipulated the valuation model to increase the newly public company's stock price. She and all of the analysts on the team purchased shares of the oversubscribed IPO for their personal accounts and then purchased the remainder of the firm's allocation of shares for appropriate client accounts, a practice which is permitted by local securities laws. The analyst: A. did not violate the Standard I(A) Knowledge of the Law. B. violated Standard 1(A) Knowledge of the Law by purchasing the shares of the IPO but not by allowing the report to be published. C. violated Standard I(A) Knowledge of the Law both by allowing the report to be published and by purchasing the shares of the IPO. 2. Green Investments utilizes the CFA Institute Standards of Professional Conduct as their standards for ethical practice. For purposes of compliance, which of the following is least likely a violation of Green Investments' policies? A. One of Green Investments' marketing brochures states that several of the firm's portfolio managers passed all three levels of the CFA exam on their first attempts. B. At a meeting with potential clients, chief investment officer Bill Ray, CFA, states that he is among an "elite group of the most qualified investment professionals who have earned the right to use the CFA designation." C. In interviewing a prospective employee, a portfolio manager at the firm says that the position could be financially rewarding because "CFA charterholders are...
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...if they differ in size. To adjust for the size, or scale, problem, the standard deviation can be divided by the expected return to compute the coefficient of variation (CV) – a measure of “risk per unit of expected return.” Investor’s Attitude towards Risk Investors have different attitudes while deciding between the risk and return in an investment. Investors are, by and large, risk averse. This implies that they demand a higher expected return, the higher the risk. The expected return from a portfolio The expected return from a portfolio (or group) of investments is simply a weighted average of the expected returns of the securities comprising that portfolio. The weights are equal to the proportion of total funds invested in each security. (The weights must sum to 100 percent.) Covariance The covariance of the possible returns of two securities is a measure of the extent to which they are expected to vary together rather than independently of each other. For a large portfolio, total variance and, hence, standard deviation depend primarily on the weighted covariances among...
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...Demystifying T 20 The Milken Institute Review The Merriam-Webster dictionary defi nes a derivative in the fi eld of chemistry as “a substance that can be made from another substance.” Derivatives in fi nance work on the same principle. These fi nancial instruments promise payoffs that are derived from the value of something else, which is called the “underlying.” The underlying is often a fi nancial asset or rate, but it does not have to be. For example, derivatives exist with payments linked to the S&P 500 stock index, the temperature at Kennedy Airport, and the number of bankruptcies among a group of selected companies. Some estimates of the size of the market for derivatives are in excess of $270 trillion – more than 100 times larger than 30 years ago. When derivative contracts lead to large fi nancial losses, they can make headlines. In recent years, derivatives have been associated with a few truly notable events, including the collapses of Barings By René M. Stulz Financial Derivatives Third Quarter 2005 21 Bank (the Queen of England’s primary bank) and Long-Term Capital Management (a hedge fund whose partners included an economist with a Nobel Prize awarded for breakthrough research in pricing derivatives). Derivatives even had a role in the fall of Enron. Indeed, just two years ago, Warren Buffett concluded that “derivatives are fi nancial weapons of mass destruction, carrying dangers that, while now latent, are potentially lethal.” michael...
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...Portfolio Modeling and Evaluation: Beating the Market ABSTRACT During the period of 2005 to 2010, the market portfolio (P1) and one suggested portfolio (P3) post a positive absolute return of 0.80% and 0.82% respectively which underperformed the active fund portfolio (P2) 0.91%. This report follows various modeling methods in order to back test the performance of the active fund portfolio and compare its performance with that of two other portfolios. The findings indicate that, even though P2 achieves the highest return on the overall performance, the limitations such as the macro environment, the assumptions set, and the Shrinkage method used that accidentally downsizes some valuable stocks in out-‐samples as they are closely correlated are being ignored. By contrast, P3 will probably offer a “middle-‐choice” which will bring a promising and more stable return. 1 Portfolio...
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...Equal-Weighted Portfolio Outperform Value- and Price-Weighted Portfolios March 2012 Yuliya Plyakha Raman Uppal Goethe University Frankfurt EDHEC Business School Grigory Vilkov Goethe University Frankfurt Abstract We compare the performance of equal-, value-, and price-weighted portfolios of stocks in the major U.S. equity indices over the last four decades. We find that the equal-weighted portfolio with monthly rebalancing outperforms the value- and price-weighted portfolios in terms of total mean return, four factor alpha, Sharpe ratio, and certainty-equivalent return, even though the equal-weighted portfolio has greater portfolio risk. The total return of the equal-weighted portfolio exceeds that of the value- and price-weighted because the equal-weighted portfolio has both a higher return for bearing systematic risk and a higher alpha measured using the four-factor model. The nonparametric monotonicity relation test indicates that the differences in the total return of the equal-weighted portfolio and the value- and price-weighted portfolios is monotonically related to size, price, liquidity and idiosyncratic volatility. The higher systematic return of the equal-weighted portfolio arises from its higher exposure to the market, size, and value factors. The higher alpha of the equal-weighted portfolio arises from the monthly rebalancing required to maintain equal weights, which is a contrarian strategy that exploits reversal and idiosyncratic volatility of the stock returns;...
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...you know, like Jennifer Lopez or Kate Hudson. Wall Street is a far less glitzy place, but there's still such a thing as an "It Stock." Right now, that title belongs to Enron, the Houston energy giant. While tech stocks were bombing at the box office last year, fans couldn't get enough of Enron, whose shares returned 89%. By almost every measure, the company turned in a virtuoso performance: Earnings increased 25%, and revenues more than doubled, to over $100 billion. Not surprisingly, the critics are gushing. "Enron has built unique and, in our view, extraordinary franchises in several business units in very large markets," says Goldman Sachs analyst David Fleischer. Along with "It" status come high multiples and high expectations. Enron now trades at roughly 55 times trailing earnings. That's more than 2 1/2 times the multiple of a competitor like Duke Energy, more than twice that of the S&P 500, and about on a par with new-economy sex symbol Cisco Systems. Enron has an even higher opinion of itself. At a late-January meeting with analysts in Houston, the company declared that it should be valued at $126 a share, more than 50% above current levels. "Enron has no shame in telling you what it's worth," says one portfolio manager, who describes such gatherings as "revival meetings." Indeed, First Call says that 13 of Enron's 18 analysts rate the stock a buy. But for all the attention that's lavished on Enron, the company remains largely impenetrable to outsiders, as even some...
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...and have effectively refinanced at a lower rate. True 3. Risk really should not be a significant factor when making financial decision because all business decisions involve predictions about the future, which is unknown. As a result, all decisions automatically include some consideration of risk. False 4. All else equal, a dollar received sooner is worth more than a dollar received at some later date, because the sooner the dollar is received the more quickly it can be invested to earn a positive return. True 5. Current cash flow from existing assets is highly relevant to the investor. However, the value of the firm depends primarily upon its growth opportunities. As a result, profit projections from those opportunities are the only relevant future flows with which investors are concerned. False 6. Determining whether a firm's financial position is improving or deteriorating requires analysis of more than one set of financial statements. Trend analysis is one method of measuring a firm's performance over time. True 7. A firm’s net income reported on its income statement must equal the operating cash flows on the statement of cash flows. False 8. The Securities Exchange Commission is the U.S. government agency that regulates the issuance and trading of stocks and bonds. True Compounding is the process of converting today's values, which are...
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...___________________ Student ID number: ______________ Signature: ______________________ Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES SCHOOL OF BANKING AND FINANCE FINS2624 PORTFOLIO MANAGEMENT FINAL EXAMINATION – SESSION 2, 2010 1. Time allowed – 3 hours 2. Reading time – 10 minutes 3. This examination paper has 22 printed pages 4. There are two parts. Part A has 70 multiple-choice questions, 1 mark each. Part B has 4 short-answer questions and a total of 30 marks. The entire paper has 100 marks. 5. Answer all questions. 6. For Part A, mark the answers on the generalised answer sheet provided. For Part B, write the answers in the space provided in this examination question booklet 7. This paper must not be retained by candidate 8. Candidates may bring to the examination approved calculators 9. Candidates must not bring to the examination any notes or books 10. Print your name and student number, and sign the paper on the top left hand corner of this page. The following equations are provided: U = E(r) – 0.005A2 Ct = StN(d1) – Xe-r(T – t)N(d2) 2 S ln t r T t X 2 where d1 ; d 2 d1 T t T t St is the current stock price at time t X is the exercise price r is the continuously compounded risk free rate per annum is the standard deviation of returns on the underlying stock T-t denotes the time remaining to maturity Page 1 of 22 A s ae o . s h r d n. . SECTION A - 70 Multiple-Choice Questions (1 mark each) Mark the...
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...|IPM Project Report | | | | | |Investment Portfolio Creation | |using | | | |Investment Philosophy – of Joel Greenblatt’s | |[pic] | | | | | | ...
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...Journal of Banking & Finance 29 (2005) 1751–1767 www.elsevier.com/locate/jbf International evidence on ethical mutual fund performance and investment style Rob Bauer b a,c , Kees Koedijk b,* ´ , Roger Otten c a ABP Investments, Schiphol, The Netherlands Faculteit Bedrijfskunde, Erasmus University Rotterdam and CEPR, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands c Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands Received 23 September 2003; accepted 28 June 2004 Available online 23 September 2004 Abstract Using an international database containing 103 German, UK and US ethical mutual funds we review and extend previous research on ethical mutual fund performance. By applying a Carhart multi-factor model [Carhart, Journal of Finance 57 (1997) 57] we overcome the benchmark problem most prior ethical studies suffered from. After controlling for investment style, we find no evidence of significant differences in risk-adjusted returns between ethical and conventional funds for the 1990–2001 period. Our results also suggest that ethical mutual funds underwent a catching up phase, before delivering financial returns similar to those of conventional mutual funds. Finally, our performance estimates are robust to the inclusion of ethical indexes, which, surprisingly, are not incrementally capable of explaining ethical mutual fund return variation. Ó 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. JEL classification: G12; G20; G23 Keywords: Mutual...
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