...SS3150 – Six Approaches to Qualitative Research The chosen qualitative research approach that I chose to use for my research is Case Study. The particular type of case study that I decided to use is the critical instance case study. These examine one or more sites for either the purpose of examining a situation of unique interest with little to no interest in generalizability, or to call into question or challenge a highly generalized or universal assertion. This method is useful for answering cause and effect questions. Some of the strengths of case studies are as follows; they are a good source of ideas about behavior, they give good opportunity for innovation, they are a good method to study rare phenomena, they provide good method to challenge theoretical assumptions, and also are a good alternative or complement to the group focus of psychology. Some of the weaknesses of case studies are that they can be hard to draw definite cause-effect conclusions; they are hard to generalize from a single case and also the possible bias in data collection and interpretation (due to it being a single person that gathers and analyzes the information). In my opinion the case study approach best fits my research paper because it will allow me to look at both the causes and effects that domestic violence has on children. Although, there have been several scholarly reviews that have been conducted of this literature there is still more research that needs to be done in order to fully...
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...Qualitative Approaches to Classroom Research 1 Qualitative Approaches to Classroom Research with English Language Learners Patricia A. Duff University of British Columbia Address: Department of Language & Literacy Education University of British Columbia 2125 Main Mall Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4 Canada Courier: 2034 Lower Mall Road University of British Columbia Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z2 Canada Qualitative Approaches to Classroom Research 2 ABSTRACT This chapter provides an overview of recent qualitative research in classrooms examining English language learners (ELLs). I first present common features of qualitative research and review debates regarding research paradigms in the social sciences and humanities. I also discuss the role of triangulation and capturing participants’ insider or emic perspectives in qualitative research and highlight various data collection methods and ways of combining macro-level and micro-level analyses, particularly in ethnographic research. Ethical issues, difficulties obtaining informed consent in classroom research, and criteria for evaluating qualitative research are then considered. Three qualitative studies that have been deemed exemplary and meritorious by scholars in English language education are then presented and some common themes in current qualitative classroom research with ELLs are identified. The chapter concludes with directions for future qualitative research. Introduction Over the past 2 decades, research in language...
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...Comparison of 3 methodological approaches undertaken in 3 Research studies on Airline Industry Introduction In this research paper, methodological approaches of 3 different peer reviewed tourism journal articles from the journal “Tourism Management” have been compared. The first article is on the topic of changing gender representation in airline/aviation industry. This research study has identified the trends related to gender representation in airline industry have been discussed. In this article, the influence of different media such as contemporary electronic, celluloid and print has been discussed and the role of media in affecting life as well as career choices especially from the perspective of gender is conferred. According to the article, e-media imagery holds more power than ever before to influence life, especially career choices of a person. New generation especially now take their input from the imagery shown on the media in making their career decision and media has played an important role in helping women to gain more representation in careers that were previously dominant by the their male counterparts. According to the article, e-media imagery holds more power than ever before to influence life, especially career choices of a person. New generation especially now take their input from the imagery shown on the media in making their career decision and media has played an important role in helping women to gain more representation in careers that were...
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...EVALUATING WORK 1. JOB EVALUATION Job Evaluation is the process of systematically determining the relative worth of jobs to create a job structure for the organization. The evaluation is based on a combination of job content, skills required, value to the organization, organizational culture, and the external market. This potential to blend organizational forces and external market forces is both a strength and a challenge of job evaluation. 2. TYPES OF JOB EVALUATION JOB BASED Job-based employee performance evaluations focus on the duties of the position and the tasks required to perform them successfully. This is a standard type of evaluation you can use for all employees filling the same position. First you must perform a job analysis, separating all duties into large categories, such as essential functions and communication. Under the categories of the position, specify tasks required to fulfill them. Be thorough in your analysis and ask your manager or the human resources department to review it. This will be the performance plan for the position. Each employee will receive the plan, sign it and be reviewed formally at the end of the rating period based on the duties outlined. PERSON BASED A person-based evaluation is specific to each individual employee. It takes into consideration the knowledge, skills and abilities the employee possesses upon hire and learns in the course of the rating period. In this way, an employee is compensated fairly for...
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...Evaluation methods differ from an organization to another depending on the size, industry, power of influence, and complexity of that one. Three of the main evaluation methods that have been widely adopted by business and HR managers, and professionals to evaluate and scale their organizational state of concern. Hay Is ultimately one of the earliest methods of evaluation since it was adopted in The early 1950s. It aids in forming an organizational map that aids in the valuation of jobs and salaries. Its no longer sufficient one because of it generating very low points. Three factors that Hay evaluates the jobs on are presented in: Know how (technical knowledge, breadth, human relations, etc..) Problem solving ( environmental thinking, challenge thinking, etc...) Accountability (freedom, and impact of type and magnitude) Working conditions (human relations, work load, environment, etc..) Mercer Other evaluation approach that was widely used in the 1970s that came up with enhanced factors, one of these was the risk factor that is no longer applied because that nowadays firms are obeying international standards for risk and safety. Three factors that Mercer evaluates the jobs on are presented in: Expertise (knowledge, experience, breadth, interpersonal traits, etc..) Judgement (job environment, reasoning, etc..) Accountability (impact, independence and influence, involvement, etc..) Towers and Watson Another iterative approach of evaluation of...
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...Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches to Research Independientemente del paradigma de investigación, la calidad de las preguntas manejan los métodos de investigación. Como supuestos iniciales se plantea que las aproximaciones cualitativa y cuantitativa no están separadas y discretas, sino más bien son una aproximación conjunta continua. Se debe diferenciar metodología mixta de métodos mixtos, donde la integración de las aproximaciones se da en todas las etapas del estudio de investigación. Se considera una aproximación mixta ya que se pueden plantear dos tipos de preguntas de investigación, se tienen dos tipos de procedimiento de muestro (probabilístico y deliberado), dos tipos de procedimientos para la recolección de datos (grupos focales y encuestas), dos tipos de datos (numérico y de texto), dos tipos de análisis de datos (estadístico y temático) y dos tipos de conclusiones. Las razones para el uso de métodos mixtos se pueden clasificar según su propósito: (a) ganar complementariedad acerca del mismo fenómeno o relación, (b) integridad con el fin de asegurar un cuadro completo del fenómeno, (c) de desarrollo si las preguntas emergen de un secuenciamento (hipótesis previa a ser probada en la próxima), (d) expansión del entendimiento obtenido, (e) confirmación para valorar la credibilidad de las inferencias (preguntas exploratorias y explicativas), (f) compensar la debilidad de un aproximación por medio de la otra, y (g) para obtener diversidad respecto al mismo...
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... The chosen topic for this assignment is "The reliability of technical and fundamental analysis on the Forex exchange market" . The area of research is of great importance's is in the financial market. Many traders believe most important question to any forex trader is how to forecast future market movements. The market fluctuations are often analysis using two core forecasting approaches, fundamentals and technical approaches (Frankel and Froot, 1986,1990). Similar to Dr T Oberlechner studies on the Importance of technical and fundamental analysis in the European foreign exchange market. Making profit and understanding the most profitable means to do is key for any trader. The value of the investigation is priceless to all traders (Stuart 2010). The research will undertake a Basic approach. Basic research can be called a fundamental approach used by a researchers curiosity or interest in a topic. The driving motivation is to expand knowledge of the area not to develop new ideas. (Khan 2010).In order to obtain a good research topic the researcher has taken into account the capability of the work. The capability can be measured in a variety of ways. At the researchers personal level the researcher must feels they are comfortable that they processes or can develop the research skills required to complete the studies. A good research topic is of great importance if it matches career goals (Creswell 2002). With ambition of entering into the wealth management and trading industry...
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...Support Material GCE Psychology OCR Advanced GCE in Psychology: H568 Unit: G544 This Support Material booklet is designed to accompany the OCR Advanced GCE specification in Psychology for teaching from September 2008. Contents Contents 2 Introduction 3 Scheme of Work - Psychology : H568 : G544 5 Lesson Plans - Psychology : H568 : G544 27 Other forms of Support 35 Introduction Background A new structure of assessment for A Level has been introduced, for first teaching from September 2008. Some of the changes include: • The introduction of stretch and challenge (including the new A* grade at A2) – to ensure that every young person has the opportunity to reach their full potential • The reduction or removal of coursework components for many qualifications – to lessen the volume of marking for teachers • A reduction in the number of units for many qualifications – to lessen the amount of assessment for learners • Amendments to the content of specifications – to ensure that content is up-to-date and relevant. OCR has produced an overview document, which summarises the changes to Psychology. This can be found at www.ocr.org.uk, along with the new specification. In order to help you plan effectively for the implementation of the new specification...
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...parents with seriously sick children. This was in an effort to differentiate itself from the other health care service providers. With the identification of similarities in advertisement approaches within the major contenders for the Industry, more unique differentiation strategies were sought through researches to identify how to best communicate with the customers in a unique way that would give the company a competitive edge over other service providers. Marcus Thomas LLC, the researcher contracted by Akron Children's Hospital, used telephone interviews and focus groups in learning the decision making behaviors. In both research approaches, parents with children between the ages of one month and eighteen years were sampled. The geographical spread of the sample exceeded the Summit County, where the hospital is based. From the survey, it was inferred that the decision makers use their emotions rather than rationality when making decisions on health care provision for their children. Illness, especially that of a child, is a rather traumatic experience, hence the presence o f emotions in the decision making process. The researcher exploited this approach by appealing to the emotive aspect of human beings through availing recordings of daily lives at the institution. Throughout the research process, differentiation was maintained to increase...
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...Experimenting the effect of different price promotion approaches Contact: kampusmoney at g mail dot com for quality custom papers delivered on time Institutional affiliation There are several ways in which product promotion can be carried out. An experiment will be carried out with the aim of ascertaining whether there is a difference in the extent to which different product promotion approaches influence sales. To this end, therefore, the independent variables will be price promotion using a 50 cents-off coupon, and price promotion using a buy one, get one free coupon. The price promotions will be carried out at different periods in time. The 50 cents-off coupon will be offered in the month of November, during the last two weeks. In the first two weeks, no price promotion will be offered. The lack of price promotion will act as a control condition. Control conditions facilitate the drawing of inferences regarding the effect of the experimental treatment (Zikmund, Babin, Carr & Griffin, 2013). The other price promotion; the buy one, get one free coupon, will be conducted in the month of December. The promotion will be preceded by 2 weeks of sales without promotions being carried out. The two weeks will be the weeks at the start of the month. Production and price promotion activities have an influence on consumer purchase decisions. They affect the consumer purchase decisions by reducing the real price of the commodities in question. Thus...
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...study of behavior and mental processes. Psychology values empirical evidence - information acquired by direct observation and measurement using systematic scientific methods and critical thinking – the process of objectively evaluating, comparing, analyzing, and synthesizing information. Studying psychology offers practical solutions to everyday problems and develops an appreciation for scientific methods of research, as opposed to pseudo psychologies (“false psychologies”) that pretend to discover psychological information through nonscientific methods. B. Psychology’s Goals -The four goals of psychology are: (1) Description - to describe particular behaviors by careful scientific observation, (2) Explanation – to explain behaviors by conducting experiments to determine their causes, (3) Prediction – to predict when a behavior being studied will occur in the future, and (4) Change – to change inappropriate behavior or circumstances. psychologists investigate behavior with basic research or...
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...Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts Part 2 Donna Johnson RES/351 March 10, 2016 Victor Ornelas Understanding Business Research Terms and Concepts Part 2 Introduction: Data collection is a very strong aspect in any type of research investigation. Direct observations cannot make up the study; data should be collected from individuals in forms of some type of sample. I have researched two businesses that I will explain three quantitative data collection instruments and sampling methods. One of the businesses will identify a descriptive statistical method and the other business will explain how to use inferential method. Each sampling approach will have their strength and weakness identified, specific situations of each instruments and designs will be explained, strength and weakness of each statistical approach, provide an example of how they can be used most effectively in a combined approach, and finally address the methods which are more appropriate for my own business and functional area. Strengths and Weakness of Sampling approach Tests can provide a variety of characteristics of individuals allowing common measures to be compared across populations, many tests can be held in a group that saves time and the response rate is higher, quantitative nature of the data creates ease. Tests also have strength in providing a wide range of tests being available and already prepared. Weakness of test can have a high costs depending on the items needed to conduct;...
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...professors at Sprott School of Business. They did a research on what kinds of supply chain management strategies are usually adopted by SMEs. A research survey was created and distributed among 1500 Canadian SMEs, out of which only 175 were used as a sample. That’s how many responses were collected. Previously, the supply chain strategies of all the SMEs were classified into the following four: * Modularizing * Appending * Innovating * Following After the responses were computed, it was found out that modularizing and appending does not really exist, but there is another one which has been prevailing the manufacturing SMEs. It is known as Customer Oriented Strategy. So, now there is three types in total which are COS, INS and FOS. The results did not show any correlation with modularizing and appending and hence, were dropped off. Lessons Learnt: * Activities within the supply chain must be Customer Based. SMEs should be Customer Oriented. They should try to satisfy the customer needs. * Understanding customers’ need knowing how to satisfy them, is a key. * Every supply chain must have a Customer strategy. But this is going to be different for every supply chain company because every company is going to adopt a different approach. Article 2: Open Innovation in Practice: An Analysis of Strategic Approaches to Technology Transactions Summary: This article examines the two major strategic approaches towards technology transactions mentioned below:...
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...Do Research Problems Have To Be Specific? George A. Ollennu Abstract It is a view widely held in the scientific research community that the research problem and related questions are the most important part of a study. Generally, however, a research problem gives a rather broad overview with just enough information about the scope and purpose of the study to provide an initial understanding of the study. In view of its importance to the entire research process, this paper assesses through literature review whether a research problem should be specific - defined as explicit, precise and definite. It is found that a research problem may or may not be specific depending on the research paradigm and its objectives. While positivist (quantitative) problems are specific, closed, static, outcome-oriented and imply the use of variables, interpretist (qualitative) problems, are found to be general, open, evolving and process-oriented. Introduction Research originates from the need to solve a problem. The problem is the reason for and the focus of the research. As such, its formulation directly impacts the quality, relevance, efficiency and effectiveness of the research. This paper examines literature in an attempt to answer the question: Do research problems have to be specific, defined as explicit, precise and definite? There is little agreement among social scientist as to the most effective procedure for formulating research problems (Brewer & Hunter, 2006). Some researchers...
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...NEEDS FOR ACTION RESEARCH IN AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION ABSTRACT Agricultural extension professionals lag behind their counterparts in research and training institutions with regard to conducting research and generating new knowledge. This is mainly because conventional research methods are not appropriate for field practitioners whose main preoccupation is improving livelihoods of farming communities. However the success of field extensionists depends on their ability to identify and exploit opportunities for improvement. Therefore, they need research methods and approaches that enable them to generate reliable data and information which they can use to solve farmers' problems. Given that the role of extension is basically to ensure that farmers have appropriate knowledge and skills, there is need to continuously find out whether farmers indeed have appropriate knowledge and skills. There is need to find out whether farmers apply appropriate knowledge and skills and reasons why they may not be applying appropriate knowledge and skills. Based on the findings, the extensionists will be able to identify the action required to improve upon the existing situation. This calls for knowledge and skills in action oriented research. This paper provides simple, easy to follow, step-by-step guidelines which should be suitable for many situations in extension research - whether one is researching adoption of an enterprise, an extension approach or the functioning of a farmer organization. ...
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