...When you meet a complete stranger, what do you usually say or do? Do you give them a kiss on the cheek, high five, or do you give them a hug? In our society, when we meet a complete stranger we tend to either just say “ hello”, exchange names, and a quick handshake. In my social norms project, I will be breaking the norm that our society has that when we meet a complete stranger we tend to just say “hello” and give them and a quick handshake. In this experiment I will intend to break this social norms by wearing a sign that reads “free hugs.” I will walk around a shopping center say “hello” to different individuals after this instead of giving them handshake like most people would do, I will point at my sign and see if they give me a hug instead. I have an accomplice joining me that will take notes on all the reactions that we both notice. Mostly focusing on: how people react both positive and negative, the similarities and differences on the reactions of the individuals....
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...Deviant Behavior Course Project Option Four: Mini Research Paper Breaking Folkways For this assignment I chose this particular research option because I am very interested in people’s reactions to experiencing things they are not used to, I also do not embarrass easily. My research involved intentionally violating common folkways in the presence of family, co-workers and strangers. After breaking common norms I than analyzed the results and recorded them below. Day One – Hugging co-workers rather than saying hello In our culture, when in the workplace, it is appropriate to greet fellow employees with a “hello”, “hi” or handshake. For the purpose of this assignment I decided to greet my coworkers with hugs, rather than saying hello and shaking their hand. Clearly the norm which I violated here were keeping the greeting casual and possibly invading my co-workers personal space. Americans are usually very adamant about not getting too close to others while in public and vice versa, so this one was fun for me. Throughout my work day, whenever I encountered a fellow employee I gave them a semi-long hug with a pat on the back, this included both male and female co-workers. I really enjoyed this one. The reactions from the people whom I greeted with a hug, rather than a simple “hello” or hand shake ranged by the particular individual and were usually along the lines of what I expected. All of the females I hugged responded with a return hug, meaning my hug...
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...famously declared, “Man is by nature a social animal.” Human-beings inherently communicate, interact, and influence one another. A group, defined is: “A number of individuals assembled together who share a set of norms, values, attitudes, or beliefs.” Group membership has been recognized for years as the determinant of human behavior. People act in accordance to the shared norms, values, attitudes, and beliefs of the groups they belong to, as well as the groups they aspire to belong to. Throughout the years, marketing researchers and sociologists have discovered how to use reference groups, “Groups that serve as frames of reference for individuals in their consumption decisions because they are perceived as credible sources” (Schiffman, 2010), in order to successfully target their markets and influence consumer behavior. Researchers have identified several different forms of reference groups that consumers compare themselves to before making purchasing decisions. With the current boom of online social networking sites such as, “www.facebook.com, www.myspace.com, and www.youtube.com,” group influence is a pivotal part of consumer behavior today. After discovering the history of how group influence emerged, followed by how group influence fits into the consumer behavior discipline, this paper will explore how current marketing practitioners can apply understanding of group influence in order to effectively reach target markets. The earliest research conducted in the field of group influence...
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...injustice in health is the most shocking and inhumane.” Profound racial and economic disparities in health have long been the norm in the United States. Continuing to perpetuate economic and racial inequalities results in different health outcomes for marginalized communities. Despite efforts to improve healthcare access, racial and economic disparities persist. Unequal health has been an ongoing issue for decades and there are many pieces involved that have created this situation. This paper explores the systemic factors that contribute to racial and economic differences in healthcare, including biases and the lack of diversity in healthcare leadership. Racial inequality is...
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...CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTING SOCIAL CHANGE C. Marlene Fiol University of Colorado - Denver Drew Harris Fairleigh Dickinson University Robert House University of Pennsylvania Second revision February 1999 Please address all correspondence to: C. Marlene Fiol University of Colorado at Denver College of Business CB 165 PO Box 173364 Denver CO 80217-3364 303-556-5812 mfiol@castle.cudenver.edu CHARISMATIC LEADERSHIP: STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTING SOCIAL CHANGE ABSTRACT Due to their unique relationship with followers, charismatic leaders can be powerful agents of social change. Current theories of charismatic leadership have emphasized primarily the personality and behavior of leaders and their effects on followers, organizations, and society. This emphasis fails to uncover why and how the charismatic leader-follower interaction can generate social change. Our study draws on theories of social meaning to develop a process model of charismatic leadership. Empirical exploration of our model suggests that charismatic leaders employ a set of consistent communication strategies for effecting social change. INTRODUCTION We have substantial evidence that charismatic leaders behave differently than non-charismatic leaders. Further, we know that charismatic leaders can generate radical social changes, and that the performance of charismatic leaders and their followers tends to exceed that...
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...276). According to Delph-Janiurek, voices are limited within the confines of certain societal hegemonic norms. He explains that the relationship between voices and bodies is not necessarily physiological; voices are vocal “performances”. There exists a pre-established gender duality within society, in which masculinity and the “male” voice is associated with the male body, and femininity and the “female” voice is associated with the female body. Thus, what is considered to be a “natural” voice is merely a choice made by an individual as to which of the two sides of duality they identify with more (Gamson). This choice is a representation of a gendered and sexualized identity that is influenced by discourse. Gender norms dictate that males identify with the more masculine voice, with a lower pitch and only slight increases in intonation. The stereotypical female voice, on the other hand, is more high pitched, with more variation in intonation (Bonds-Raacke). With this in consideration, Delph Janiurek’s thesis is that voices have a “geography”, and that they can be authored in a certain way within certain societal “spaces” (Giltrow 276). In other words, certain situations demand misperformance of hegemonic gender roles in the form of voice alteration. Delph-Janiurek’s argument is limited in the sense that it does not conduct enough research into different types of social roles in order to properly consider the effectiveness of vocal performance within them. Different geographical...
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..."growing up." Early adolescents usually remain in same-sex groups, with very little social contact with the opposite sex. By the time they reach their mid-teens, the groupings tend to change, often forming a loose confederation of boys and girls. Adolescence years is a crucial time as it is a intermediary phase between childhood and adulthood and when a teenager faces relationship problem at this stage it serves long term effects on him or her. It is true when it is said that most of our development happens during this period both physically and emotionally.If relationship setback is grave, it can even affect teen’s future to quite an extend. A teen relationship contains many elements such as trust, honesty,communication, respect and time management and all play an essential role. If all these elements are balanced or managed effectively by the teenager it leads to healthy relationship. However, when abused or improperly addressed, those same relationship elements can lead to numerous problems. Infatuation or love? Some teens are not able to gauge their feelings well. They might mistakenly takeinfatuation for love. This is the stage when teenagers are most confused about their feelings. They are unable to decide and fail to make right decisions. When they enter into the relationship they might cut off from family and other friends.In a healthy relationship teen maintains his separate identity. Breaking up is no fun for teens. It is can be one of the most emotional events in their...
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...longer acting in the same way or wanting the same products. Additionally people belonging to a particular demographic are found to be using products and services that were not primarily targeted at them. Consumers are not a big demographic monolith but are becoming more diverse in their needs and wants. This trend is triggered by the increased access to information, products and services, availability of wide variety of products and services and changing socio cultural norms that encourage people to experiment with products and ideas. Appreciating this trend and looking beyond demographics into the behavior and interests of consumers would help marketers to tap into new opportunities and otherwise ignored consumer segments. | [Pick the date] [Pick the date] ------------------------------------------------- Trend Analysis – Post Demographic Consumerism Introduction “Post Demographic Consumerism” is identified as one of the consumer behavior trends for 2015 by the research agency Trend Watching. This paper attempts to study the trend with respect to the market changes in India, which is one of the biggest emerging economies. Post Demographic Consumerism Segmentation is the first step in marketing strategy where a broad market is divided into homogenous groups which are perceived to have similar needs and wants. The objective of segmentation is to identify homogenous groups which can be targeted with a marketing mix that would meet the group’s expectation. The different...
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...RESPONSE PAPER “Contributions made by KARL MARX, MAX WEBER and EMILE DURKHEIM to the research methodology used in social sciences” INTRODUCTION The paper mainly concerns the contributions of MARX, WEBER and DURKHEIM to the methodology in social sciences. The various methodologies in social sciences establish a connection with the societal implications which have a large impact over the society and its normative effects. Referring to the contributions by the following sociologists, all have a different and influential impact on the factors of society. The methodology of various sociologists reflects their attitude towards the society and its various customs and traditions. The following mentioned are the various methodologies adopted by sociologists in the field of social sciences. Marxist sociology emerged around late 19th/early 20th century, influenced by the thought of Karl Marx. Marx is seen as one of the most influential thinkers in early sociology, alongside thinkers such as Max Weber and Émile Durkheim. KARL MARX The theory propounded by Karl Marx is Marxism; in a nutshell it is the theory and practice of working-class emancipation. Marxism is also a method of looking at the world. One of the most important foundations of Marx's method was dialectical thought. Marx relied a lot on historical materialism and dialecticism to propound his theories in social science. Marx relied heavily on these two methods...
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...Group Influence Some groups are formal with designated titles and rules. Other groups are informal, organized casually and have unwritten or flexible rules. For purposes of this paper, I chose to observe a district meeting of the Med Pay Unit within my company. I have highlighted my observations and thoughts below: Part I The meeting was held in a conference room large enough to hold 30 people, however there were only 12 members on the team. The seating arrangement was U-shaped with chairs around the outside. The manager sat in the center. The composition of the group was comprised of seven women and five men whose ages ranged from 22-mid 50’s. The racial makeup included African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics and a Bi-racial member. The meeting was scheduled to start at 2 p.m. and when I arrived five minutes early, I found that everyone had already arrived. The meeting started on time. The unit is a department of Nationwide Insurance and their focus is processing medical payments for members who have suffered injuries in accidents. The number one focus for the unit is providing excellent customer service while exemplifying the core values of the company. The Med Pay unit is long-term and in fact, will be expanding to add two more teams which will include a bi-lingual unit. The manager passed out an agenda at the beginning of the meeting and was successful in keeping to it. She was the primary facilitator of the group, but introduced a guest speaker from...
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...the main points of their literature based on feminism in the age of reality TV. Edwards argues, “gender emerges in reality programming as a set of generic conventions in which individual shows frequently transgress and then reassert traditional gender role expectations.” Many reality series picture a man or woman departing from these gender codes and norms in the participation and hopes of a positive reinforcement in terms of a competition based reality show. Two gender categories that have dominance are “hegemonic masculinity” and “emphasized femininity.” Hegemonic masculinity is an almost unreachable ideal fantasy described as: “a young, married, white, urban, northern, heterosexual, Protestant, father, of college education, fully employed, of good complexion, weight, and height, and a recent record in sports.” “’Emphasized femininity’ describes an ideal in which women comply with male desires, privilege social over technical skills, accept gender inequality, and comply with the hegemony of a patriarchal social and labor organization.” While reality shows critique the models of a masculinity and femininity as outdated, they also norm them and reinforce their dominance (Edwards). This is evident in the challenges of both The Bachelor and The Bachelorette. They are often challenged to do activities against...
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...Abstract This paper will explain the timeline (Appendix B) for the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgendered (LGBT) community in the United States Military between and the policies behind setbacks to the retention and entry of otherwise qualified personnel. Explanations of gender identity disorder and gender dysphoria disorder, defined as mental disorders by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) (American Psychiatric Association [APA], DSM-1, 1942; DSM-4, 2000; DSM-5, 2013). This textbook published and periodically updated by the American Psychiatric Association (APA), directly affects the guidelines for determining qualification of personnel into military service. Factual information is the only justification used for the policies put forth by the Department of Defense (DOD), Secretary of Defense (SECDEF), the Supreme Court of the United States, the office of the President of the United States and all categories of official office or position...
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...MAKES A WORK GROUP EFFECTIVE The effectiveness of a work group can be measured by the degree to which it: 1. Accomplishes its task appropriately. 2. Enhances ability of its members to work together in the future (social system.) 3. Members experience personal growth and well-being. In order to achieve these objectives, the group must engage in appropriate processes that reflectii: 1. Sufficient effort to accomplish the task at an acceptable level of performance. 2. Adequate knowledge and skill brought to bear on the task. 3. Task performance strategies appropriate to the work and the setting Therefore, members of the group must not only pay attention to the content of group activities--that is, what the group is talking about and doing--but also to the group process—that is, how the group is going about its work and how its members are interacting. B. TASK AND SOCIAL DIMENSIONS OF THE GROUP PROCESSiii Behavior in a group can be considered in terms of its apparent, as well as tacit, purposes or functions. The task and social dimensions of the group process are virtually inseparable. Task dimension: The work that the group is to perform—the job that group members have to do and how they go about doing it—measured by how effective and productive the group is. Social dimension: The relationships of group members with one another—how they...
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...INTRODUCTION Workplace issues remains important in organizational behavior research because of their impact on employees and organization. One of the important workplace issues that receive less attention among organizational scholars is workplace deviant behavior. The concept of workplace deviance in recent years has generated high interest among organizational researchers and practitioners because of its pervasiveness in organizations. Some forms of workplace deviance includes absenteeism, abusing sick day privileges, abusing drugs and alcohol, filing fake accident claims, sabotaging, breaking organizations’ rules, withholding effort, stealing, taking long breaks, working slowly, harassing other employees and hiding needed resources. This paper investigates the nature of deviant workplace behaviors and its impact on organizations. The purpose is to broaden the research in organizational studies by focusing not only on deviant behaviors that are negative, but on those that are positive as well. Furthermore, this article examines different types of both positive and negative deviant workplace behaviors, along with some of the reasons why managers/employees engage in such behaviors. Also, some of the reasons why organizations allow negative deviant behaviors to thrive, while discouraging positive deviant behaviors are investigated. Lastly, possible solutions to overcome problems arising from negative deviance in the workplace will be examined, along with...
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...London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom b ˚ PBI Research Institute and Abo Akademi University, Aurakatu 1b, FIN-20100 Turku, Finland c PBI Research Institute, Suvorovsky pr., 2b, lit. A, Office 310, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia Received 11 August 2009; received in revised form 11 November 2009; accepted 17 November 2009 Abstract The paper works towards establishing value for trust in project business, particularly the financial value of trust to project business. Concepts of trust are revisited. Rational explanations of trust are shown wanting, calculations of trust and danger being misrepresentations of how the willingness to trust is formed. The paper argues for the need to establish the interpretative and socially constructed nature of trust, primarily based upon prior experiential and psycho-motive learning in relation to current situational factors. Trust and its relationship to forming expectations and generating confidence are considered. Empirical findings are mobilised to show how trust contributed to value in a financial sense. Value is not an absolute in this context for value is empirically and theoretically shown to relate directly to expectations. Value is defined as an asset and is thus part of social capital for projects and in embedded in firms. Ó 2009 Elsevier Ltd and IPMA. All rights reserved. Keywords: Confidence; Judgment; Learning; Project business; Trust; Value 1. Introduction This paper addresses the question of the value of trust in project businesses...
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