...Argument for Public School Uniforms Sydney Slifka University of Colorado Denver School uniforms have created a debate to whether or not they are an effective addition to a school environment and to individual students themselves. Over the last decade, uniforms in public schools have increased, bringing a great deal of controversy along with them. With this public controversy there have been lawsuits, increased media attention, criticism from parents and complaints from students as well as increased academic research. There have been many recent studies done that offer evidence that school uniforms have been effective in many different ways. The purpose of this paper is to argue in favor of the implementation of school uniforms in our public education system by addressing these different articles and studies on the implementation of school uniforms. Ann Bodine wrote an ethnography about a city in the United States and the introduction of school uniforms. In her article she writes about the introduction of school uniforms and how it intersects with different aspects of life. Bodine describes students’ clothing as a “screen on which are projected all kinds of beliefs, anxieties and aspirations about children” (2003, p. 60). Through her observations of people and their clothing she noticed that the concept of dress as a form of free speech is only a tiny part of the meaning they are actually trying to convey with their clothing. (p.67) Clothing is used to express identity...
Words: 1667 - Pages: 7
...China’s ‘LUXEPLOSION’ 1 It is an industry driven by an ECONOMY ON HYPER-DRIVE NOMINAL GDP: 1992 TO 2011 Source: World Bank 2 A quick expansion into ‘NEW GROUND’ PROVINCIAL GDP PROFILES (2011) Shanghai Beijing Tianjin Inner Mongolia Shaanxi Hunan Chongqing Sichuan Guizhou Source: China National Statistics Bureau, BBDO Analysis 3 As the economy expands and breaks into new ground… …the luxury category is also following suit -- it is achieving high growth simply by getting MORE PEOPLE TO BUY LUXURY GOODS FOR THE VERY FIRST TIME… 4 Luxury spending growth is driven by CATEGORY FIRST-TIMERS DECONSTRUCTING LUXURY SPENDING IN CHINA Source: Bain Luxury Market Survey – China 5 The crucial role of China’s BURGEONING MIDDLE CLASS % SHARE OF URBAN HOUSEHOLDS by income group (in RMB) % SHARE OF LUXURY CONSUMPTION by income group (in RMB) Source: McKinsey & Co. 6 How can they AFFORD LUXURY GOODS What is driving THEIR INTEREST IN LUXURY ? 7 China’ s middle class have a MINDSET THAT IS CONDUCIVE Optimism Ambition Loving of Life for luxury goods & services 65% feel their life will be better in the next 12 months. 42% say they work or study harder in order to succeed. 87% find it important to experience new things & enjoy life. Source: BBDO Voices 8 Their is a desire that is much stronger than THEIR EARNING POWER 49% 62% Say they long for luxury goods despite not...
Words: 3266 - Pages: 14
...format franchising between, on the one hand, standardisation and uniformity and, on the other hand, geographical variations in market conditions and resource availability. Previous research has demonstrated in the case of independent small firms that local geographical conditions influence business strategy. This paper examines whether variations in the local geographical environment, notably in terms of demand and supply side conditions, affect format implementation and whether franchisors permit franchisees to make local adaptations of the format in response to local environmental conditions. The study is based on interviews with 40 UK-based franchisors, all of whom were at the later stages of roll-out or in the consolidation stage of network development. Local variations in the business environment do create a conflict with the need to maintain the uniformity of the franchise format. Adaptation was restricted to peripheral format components. No changes were made to the core format components. Most franchisors recognise that their franchisees are an important source of new innovation. However, implementation of franchisee ideas across the system is found in only a minority of cases. Key words: franchising, geography, adaptation, standardisation Please direct correspondence about this paper to Colin Mason 1. Introduction Business format franchising operates on the principle of ‘cloning’ a standardised tried and tested business format based around a trade name...
Words: 8828 - Pages: 36
...Running head: SUBTLE BIAS SHARED WITHIN AN AMERICAN SOCIAL CONSTRUCT Subtle Bias as a Social Construct In America May 28, 2012 Abstract An understanding of the subtle bias that affects our society is a form of humanistic deception. Although the norms in America appear to be uniform; we will see that biases are influenced by various social factors such as stereotype, prejudice, discrimination, and labeling including the Attribution Theory. This paper will compare and contrast scientific literature to gain more insight into the subtlety of this social construct. I am seeking not to understand the reason why we as social beings are bias, but to simply show that this distorted truth exist. Subtle Bias as a Social Construct In America My theory of unconscious bias along with the self-affirmation process that accompanies it clouds our worldview in our present society. We all do it no matter how accepting we appear to be or even claim to be. Irrational thoughts are usually based on a worldview that illustrates our interpretation of the world we live in (Wilson, 2001). This worldview is a set of assumptions and beliefs that we hold on to that guide our behavior. It helps us to make sense out of our lives. It determines what we think about human nature, causes of emotional issues, and where bias comes from (Entwistle, 2004). There is always some form of discriminatory behavior or covert prejudice prevailing within our essence. Unfortunately, there is a strong manipulative...
Words: 2423 - Pages: 10
...of violence in schools coupled with a decline in academic achievement, many stakeholders have begun to condemn the state of public school education. The situation has prompted schools across the country to look for unorthodox approaches to improve schools and the performance of their students. The result has led to a spreading initiative that dictates what students can wear. More than just a dress code policy, school uniforms take into account colors and styles from head to toe. Even with the ongoing debate of being constitutional, the trend continues to be adopted throughout the United States. The argument of limiting self-expression is far outweighed by the benefits of increased academic performance and student safety. This paper will outline the ongoing results from adding uniform policies to schools and analyze the debate of the pros and cons of wearing school uniforms. The School Uniform Debate: Measuring Effectiveness The Initial Movement Traditionally imposed by private and parochial schools, uniform policies are being implemented by U.S. public schools in rising numbers. Proponents note that school uniforms make schools much safer for students, encourage children to focus on learning and most significantly – that it puts a halt to socioeconomic disparities. On the same issue, opponents consider the mandates as an infringement on student’s constitutional right to express themselves as individuals. Critics argue that forcing students to wear school uniforms...
Words: 2666 - Pages: 11
...the Report The course instructor of Consumer Behavior, Mr. Syed Munir Khasru assigned us to develop a report on a particular product and design its marketing strategies with respect to the dynamics of Consumer behavior. We decided to work on the CityCell Digital's latest package – ‘Alap'. 1.2 Objectives The main objective of this research is to find out the strategies to successfully establish and position ‘Alap'. In the process we will also 1. Analyze the current market situation and Alap's position 2. Identify the consumer characteristics of ‘Alap' 3. Identify how CityCell is influencing the target customers 4. See how ‘Alap' is attracting customers and 5. Set the strategies to create a more positive attitude towards the product. 1.3 Methodology To get a fair view of the mobile phone service industry we have informally talked to a number of mobile phone users. Their comments reflected their needs, demands, need gaps and also their self-concepts and lifestyles. We have tried to get the most accurate information about the company strategy from the sources in the company. The findings have been shown in the following parts of this paper. 1.4 Scope of the Report The report starts with an overview of the mobile phone industry, CityCell's position in it and what impact the introduction of ‘Alap' had in CityCell's position. During the development of this report we have tried to know not only about ‘Alap' but also about the competing packages i.e. Grameen and Aktel's similar...
Words: 3389 - Pages: 14
...Report on THE IMPACT OF LEADERSHIP STYLE ON MOTIVATION IN WORK ORGANIZATIONS Submitted to: Lorin Walker, Manager and Gary Hart, Instructor for OB 689R Submitted by: Leonard Winegar April 20, 1977 i ABSTRACT This report is an evaluation of leadership style as it affects motivation and productivity in work organizations. The terms pertinent to this work are first defined. Historical and current theories are then presented and discussed. Theory understanding and implementation are essential to increase motivation in the organization. Data from leadership style studies is presented showing that situational determinants, traits, and wide style range are essential to promote motivation and effective leadership. There is no single "narrow" leadership style for all occasions rather the whole leader is needed for optimum productivity. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT...................................................................................................................................i TABLE OF CONTENTS................................................................................................................ii I. INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................1 II. LEADERS DEFINED...............................................................................................................2 Leadership and Leadership Style Illuminated...........................................
Words: 4267 - Pages: 18
...released a series of policies to regularize and guide Internet and e-tailing development (6). Furthermore, China has overtaken Japan as the world's second-largest economy and is predicted to replace the US as the world's top economy in roughly a decade (12). Collectively, all of these factors bode well for an improving etailing environment in China. The focus of this study is to examine whether online consumers in China and the US share similar attitudes with regard to online shopping. While there is a wealth of research focusing on online shopping behaviour in Western countries, relatively little research has compared consumer attitudes toward online shopping across nations. Reflecting the call by Van Slyke, Belanger and Sridhar (13) for more cross-cultural comparison research on consumers’ e-tailing attitudes and behaviour, the present study examines this phenomenon in national cultures that reflect the East versus the West, namely China and the U.S.A, respectively. This paper intends to begin filling this knowledge gap. Drawing on theories of national culture, along with diffusion of innovation theory and the literature on perceived risk in...
Words: 8805 - Pages: 36
...domestic settings on job performance, organizational commitment, stress, and turnover intentions, job satisfaction has received little attention in the literature on expatriates. This paper analyzes the predictors of job satisfaction that may arise in an expatriate context. Drawing on the cultural distance perspective, we propose that the national cultural distance, supervisor’s nationality, host-country language proficiency, expatriate type, and company nationality are important determinants of expatriate job satisfaction. Survey results from 148 expatriates in Japan demonstrate that national cultural distance, supervisor’s nationality, and expatriate type have a statistically significant influence on expatriate job satisfaction. Theoretical and practical implications are provided. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Article history: Accepted 25 October 2010 Keywords: Expatriates Job satisfaction Cultural distance Japan In an increasingly globalized world, an important component of international human resource management in multinational companies (MNCs) is the expatriation of employees to foreign countries. In line with this global trend, a stream of academic literature has evolved since the 1980s (Mendenhall & Oddou, 1985), making research on expatriates an important area of research in the international business...
Words: 6050 - Pages: 25
...animal Books by Elliot Aronson Theories of Cognitive Consistency (with R. Abelson et al.), 1968 Voices of Modern Psychology, 1969 The Social Animal, 1972, 1976, 1980, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Readings About the Social Animal, 1973, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1988, 1992, 1995, 1999, 2004; (with J. Aronson), 2008 Social Psychology (with R. Helmreich), 1973 Research Methods in Social Psychology (with J. M. Carlsmith & P. Ellsworth), 1976 The Jigsaw Classroom (with C. Stephan et al.), 1978 Burnout: From Tedium to Personal Growth (with A. Pines & D. Kafry), 1981 Energy Use: The Human Dimension (with P. C. Stern), 1984 The Handbook of Social Psychology (with G. Lindzey), 3rd ed., 1985 Career Burnout (with A. Pines), 1988 Methods of Research in Social Psychology (with P. Ellsworth, J. M. Carlsmith, & M. H. Gonzales), 1990 Age of Propaganda (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992, 2000 Social Psychology, Vols. 1–3 (with A. R. Pratkanis), 1992 Social Psychology: The Heart and the Mind (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 1994 Cooperation in the Classroom: The Jigsaw Method (with S. Patnoe), 1997 Nobody Left to Hate: Teaching Compassion After Columbine, 2000 Social Psychology: An Introduction (with T. D. Wilson & R. M. Akert), 2002, 2005, 2007 The Adventures of Ruthie and a Little Boy Named Grandpa (with R. Aronson), 2006 Mistakes Were Made (But Not By Me) (with C. Tavris), 2007 Books by Joshua Aronson Improving Academic Achievement, 2002 The Social Animal To...
Words: 208005 - Pages: 833
...Student in Business Administration Glorious Sun School of Business and Management, Donghua University 1882, Yan’an Road, Shanghai China Abstract With a Sino-African trade growing at 40% a year and a steadily growing economy above 5% in Africa are challenging Chinese companies and individual Chinese businessmen to reassess broad stereotypes and globalization strategies in this continent. This paper reviews a comparative analysis of fundamental values and interpersonal relations between Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans, and also their impact on the intercultural activities. It outlines differences and synergies amongst African and Chinese cultures. The study aims to introduce some important recommendations and factors, which may have an essential impact on Chinese companies operating in Sub-Saharan Africa. It provides in addition empirical insights of a set of values that may influence Chinese and Sub-Saharan Africans’ behaviours. New suggestions related to cross-cultural activities are reported to implement adequate human resource management policies within these companies. The paper includes implications for the development of new cross-cultural strategies and restructuration of the human resource policies. Keywords: Cross-cultural Values; Identity; Cross-Cultural Management; Group Affiliations; Intercultural Communication; Beliefs Introduction According to many studies, cross-cultural issues are among the most central and most persistent factors that influence...
Words: 5870 - Pages: 24
...Inc., including, but not limited to, in any network or other electronic storage or transmission, or broadcast for distance learning. Some ancillaries, including electronic and print components, may not be available to customers outside the United States. This book is printed on acid-free paper. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 DOC/DOC 1 0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN: MHID: 978-0-07-803818-1 0-07-803818-9 Vice President & Editor-in-Chief: Michael Ryan Vice President EDP/Central Publishing Services: Kimberly Meriwether David Editorial Director: Beth Mejia Senior Managing Editor: Meghan Campbell Executive Marketing Manager: Pamela S. Cooper Senior Project Manager: Joyce Watters Buyer: Nicole Baumgartner Design Coordinator: Margarite Reynolds Media Project Manager: Sridevi Palani Compositor: Glyph International Typeface: 10/13 Palatino Printer: R. R. Donnelley All credits appearing on page or at the end of the book are considered to be an extension of the copyright page. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ruggiero, Vincent Ryan. Beyond feelings: a guide to critical thinking / Vincent Ryan Ruggiero. —9th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-07-803818-1 (alk. paper) 1. Critical thinking. I....
Words: 102651 - Pages: 411
...Globalization Note Series Pankaj Ghemawat and Sebastian Reiche National Cultural Differences and Multinational Business The eminent Dutch psychologist, management researcher, and culture expert Geert Hofstede, early in his career, interviewed unsuccessfully for an engineering job with an American company. Later, he wrote of typical cross-cultural misunderstandings that crop up when American managers interview Dutch recruits and vice versa: “American applicants, to Dutch eyes, oversell themselves. Their CVs are worded in superlatives…during the interview they try to behave assertively, promising things they are very unlikely to realize…Dutch applicants in American eyes undersell themselves. They write modest and usually short CVs, counting on the interviewer to find out by asking how good they really are…they are very careful not to be seen as braggarts and not to make promises they are not absolutely sure they can fulfill. American interviewers know how to interpret American CVs and interviews and they tend to discount the information provided. Dutch interviewers, accustomed to Dutch applicants, tend to upgrade the information. To an uninitiated American interviewer an uninitiated Dutch applicant comes across as a sucker. To an uninitiated Dutch interviewer an uninitiated American applicant comes across as a braggart.”1 Cultural differences, while difficult to observe and measure, are obviously very important. Failure to appreciate and account for them can lead to embarrassing...
Words: 10010 - Pages: 41
...Globalization Note Series Pankaj Ghemawat and Sebastian Reiche National Cultural Differences and Multinational Business The eminent Dutch psychologist, management researcher, and culture expert Geert Hofstede, early in his career, interviewed unsuccessfully for an engineering job with an American company. Later, he wrote of typical cross-cultural misunderstandings that crop up when American managers interview Dutch recruits and vice versa: “American applicants, to Dutch eyes, oversell themselves. Their CVs are worded in superlatives…during the interview they try to behave assertively, promising things they are very unlikely to realize…Dutch applicants in American eyes undersell themselves. They write modest and usually short CVs, counting on the interviewer to find out by asking how good they really are…they are very careful not to be seen as braggarts and not to make promises they are not absolutely sure they can fulfill. American interviewers know how to interpret American CVs and interviews and they tend to discount the information provided. Dutch interviewers, accustomed to Dutch applicants, tend to upgrade the information. To an uninitiated American interviewer an uninitiated Dutch applicant comes across as a sucker. To an uninitiated Dutch interviewer an uninitiated American applicant comes across as a braggart.”1 Cultural differences, while difficult to observe and measure, are obviously very important. Failure to appreciate and account for them can lead to embarrassing...
Words: 10010 - Pages: 41
...Running head: MANAGED DIVERSITY MANAGED DIVERSITY AND ITS IMPACT IN A MULTI-CULTURAL WORKFORCE WITHIN THE UNITED STATES A MASTER’S CAPSTONE RESEARCH PAPER Presented to Professor Robert B. Donaldson Division of Public Administration Problems in Applied Public Management In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Public Administration College of Business and Public Administration Governors State University By Shari Denise Holloway Winter 2007 Approved: ____________________________________________ Dr. Robert B. Donaldson Date: TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………….....4 INTRODUCTION…………………………………………………………………...….5 WHAT IS DIVERSITY ……………………………………..........................................6 WHAT IS WORKPLACE DIVERSITY ………………….………………….….…….7 Corporate Culture and Diversity ………………………………….……………9 DIVERSITY POLICIES AND PRACTICES IN THE WORKPLACE………………14 Workplace Discrimination ……………………………………………………14 Glass Ceiling ………………………………………………………………….15 Affirmative Action…………………………………………………………….16 Equal Employment ……………………………………………………………17 FROM VALUING DIVERSITY TO MANAGING DIVERSITY …………………...18 MANGING A DIVERSE WORKFORCE: A Multicultural Approach ………………18 DIVERSITY FACTOR (THE ISSUES)………………………………………………21 Cultural Collision ……………………………………………………………...
Words: 6971 - Pages: 28
