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The Family - Murdock
Murdock
Functionalist; family is universal institution that performs 4 major functions: * Stable Satisfaction of the Sex Drive - prevents social disruption caused by sexual 'free-for-all'. * Reproduction of Next Generation - means society able to continue. * Socialisation of the Young - spreading society's norms and values. * Meeting Member's Economic Needs - providing food, shelter, etc.
Criticisms of Murdock * Marxists - reject consensus view; argue that Murdock neglects dark side of family. Claim meets needs of capitalists, not family. * Feminists - reject consensus, 'rose-tinted' view, argue that Murdock ignores women's oppression and inequality. See family as serving needs of men and exploiting women.
The Family - Parsons
Parsons
Functionalist; family has 2 'basic and irreducible' functions: * Primary Socialisation of Children - happens in early stages of child's life; child learns norms, values, etc of culture they are born into. * Stabilisation of Adult Personalities - family provides place for adults to relax, escape stresses of working life and feel emotionally secure.
Criticisms of Parsons * Too deterministic - children are moulded by all-powerful adults. Also ignores possibility of socialisation being 2-way process where by socialisation can be resisted by children. * Zaretsky - family only provides such emotional support so members can spend another day under harsh capitalist oppression. Family is servant to capitalist state - looks after exploited workers for free.
The Family - Parsons (cont.)
Parsons
Functionalist; dominant family structure is the one that best suits needs of economy at time: * Functional Fit - nuclear family 'fits' industrial society, as geographically mobile and not reliant on wider kin. Therefore can easily move to new centre of production if needed. *

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