...RFID SECURITY February 2008 © The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region The contents of this document remain the property of, and may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the express permission of the Government of the HKSAR. Disclaimer: Whilst the Government endeavours to ensure the accuracy of the information in this paper, no express or implied warranty is given by the Government as to the accuracy of the information. The Government of HKSAR accepts no liability for any error or omission arising from or related to the use of the information. TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary ............................................................................................................................. 2 I. Introduction.................................................................................................................... 3 An Introduction to RFID ................................................................................................. 3 How does RFID work? ................................................................................................... 4 II. Adoption of RFID........................................................................................................... 5 Business Trends .............................................................................................................. 5 Government Use .....................................................................................
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...waves. A tag contains electronically stored information which may be read from a distance. Different than a bar code that needs to be in sight. RFID can be used in 1. RFID tag attached to a car during production to track its process through the assembly line. 2. Medicines can be tracked at warehouses. 3. Livestock 4. RFID tags can be attached to clothing, possessions and implanted within people 5. Tracking of goods 6. Tracking of persons and animals 7. Toll collection and contactless payment 8. Machine readable travel documents 9. Tracking authenticity 10. Airport baggage tracking How RFIDS improve efficiency in an operation environment RFID offers advantages over manual systems or use of bar codes. The tag can be read even if it is not visible. Tags can be read inside any container unlike barcodes. The main point where RFID will benefit is the supply chain sector. This technology can improve the effect and visibility; it can cut administrative costs, enhance utilization of the product, and reduce shrinkage, counterfeiting and increase sales but avoiding out of stocks Benefit towards the operation of the business Tracking of Products Businesses can track products at all times. They can also keep an eye on what’s is and inst in stock Enhanced Productivity & Cost Avoidance Identifying items by RFID takes less time than using barcode or other less automated ways. This leads to greater process efficiencies in many tasks such as shipping and receiving ...
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...[pic] Working Paper on future RFID Research Needs September 2007 Participating EU-funded R&D Projects in CERP: |Acronym |Name of Project |Contact / email | |AMI-4-SME |Ambient Intelligence Technology for Systemic Innovation |Harald Sundmaeker, ATB, Germany | | |in Manufacturing SMEs |Sundmaeker@atb-bremmen.de | |BRIDGE |Building Radio Frequency Identification in the Global |Henri Barthel, GS1 | | |Environment |henri.barthel@gs1.org | |CE-RFID |Coordinating European Efforts for Promoting the European |Dr. Gerd Wolfram, METRO Group, Germany | | |Value Chain |gerd.wolfram@mgi.de | |CoBIs |Collaborative Business Items |Stephan Haller, SAP, Switzerland | | | |stephan.haller@sap.com | |Dynamite |Dynamic Decisions in Maintenance |Kenneth...
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...This report is about the RFID project written for evaluation and implementation of project applicability for Officeworks Company. This RFID project for Officeworks is examined and finally decided for Officeworks. In this report, the background of both development of RFID and situation of the business case of Officeworks are given; team work and team roles are assigned as well as the project schedule is planned and executive; the following sections of analysis and solution are involved: team requirements, project scope and assumptions, project drivers and strategies as well as enabler, complementary and competing initiatives, strategic and economic benefit, investment requirements, outsourcing plan, and implementation roadmap. It is concluded that the RFID project is generally valuable and able to be implemented for Officeworks Company ranged stores. Some useful suggestion to successfully construct the RFID into Officeworks is also recommended. Based on the successful experience of Wal-Mart, the RFID is detailed analysed with suitable solutions given. To completely evaluate the project, the ROI model and vertical comparison are also used for the cost/benefit examinations. As the suggested implementation, implementing work flow with detailed sub-steps is developed as well. Table of Content 1. Introduction 1 1.1. Background of RFID 1 1.1.1. Definition and description of RFID 1 1.1.2. RFID technique and history 1 1.2. Background of Officeworks 1 1.3. Project Initiation 1 1.3.1....
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...ASSIGNMENT ON TERM PAPPER INTERNET CHALLENGES TO SECURITY AND PRIVACY SUBMITTED BY : GIFTY KARUVELIL SAM ID NUMBER: 0160011 SUBMITTED TO : PROFESSOR . JOYCE JAMES MG. 650: MANAGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ACROSS THE ENTERPRISE TABLE OF CONTENT : * INTRODUCTION * ANALYSIS OF SECURITY AND PRIVACY * CATEGORIZATION AND SESITIVITY * STATE OF RESEARCH * MAJOR PLAYERS I THE INTERNET * GLOBAL SENSOR NETWORK MIDDLEWEAR * RFID * PHYSICAL MECHANISM * CRYPTOGRAPHIC PROTOCOLS * RESEARCH FROM OTHER DOMAINS * INFORMATION ACCOUNTABIILITY * CRYPTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFIERS * KEY EXTRACTION FROM WIRELES CHANNL CHARACTERISTECS * CONCLUSION 1 1 Introduction The Internet has undergone severe changes since its first launch in the late 1960s as an outcome of the ARPANET. The initial four-node network has quickly grown into a highly interconnected and self-organized network that builds the daily basis for business, research, and economy. The number of people using this worldwide network has exponentially grown up to about 1.5 bn and hereby makes up about 20% of the world population. This sheer number of end...
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...| ByMr Shireesh | RFID | | | | Words Count: 2,180 Tables of Content Page Tables of Content 1 Introduction 2 What is Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)? 2 - 3 Purpose of RFID 3 - 6 Benefits of RFID 6 Disadvantages of RFID 6 Points of View 7 Conclusion 8 References 9 Introduction Imagine a technology that could slice the time it takes a retailer to measure inventory, one that could provide accurate information about a single tem as it moves from manufacturing through a store and then on to post-sales support. Imagine one that could finally fully automate checkout, freeing store personnel to provide increased levels of customer support. RFID - Radio Frequency Identification...
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...Technovation 34 (2014) 339–341 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Technovation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/technovation Editorial The challenge of cyber supply chain security to research and practice – An introduction a b s t r a c t The tremendous potential to assist or degrade economic and national security performance make security in the cyber supply chain a topic of critical importance. This is reflected by the tremendous activity in the public and private sector to better understand the myriad of cyber challenges, identifying existing gaps and needs and closing these gaps as quickly and firmly as possible through government policy initiatives, public/private partnerships, and legal/insurance penalty and incentive regimes. However when we examine the academic literature, the research and publications in this area are rather sparse. Consequently, this special issue on Security in the Cyber Supply Chain is intended to act as a resource to practitioners and as a call to research. & 2014 Published by Elsevier Ltd. Introduction In general, the cyber supply chain provides tremendous advances in efficiency and effectiveness. The economy gains through transactions being more efficient through the low cost rapid transmission of information related to supply chain management. Not only does this rapid transmission reduce cost, but it also provides value through increased effectiveness allowing for services and decisions that were not possible...
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...Selective Blocking of RFID Tags for Consumer Privacy Ari Juels RSA Laboratories Ron Rivest MIT CSAIL Mike Szydlo RSA Laboratories What is a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tag? • In terms of appearance… Chip (IC) Antenna What is an RFID tag? • You may own a few RFID tags… – Contactless physical-access cards – Automated toll payment • At present, an RFID tag simply calls out its (unique) name or static data over a short distance “Plastic #3” “74AB8” “5F8KJ3” The capabilities of basic RFID tags • No power – Receives power from reader – Range a few meters • Little memory – Static 64-to-128-bit identifier in current ultra-cheap generation (five cents / unit) – Hundreds of bits soon • Little computational power – A few thousand gates – No cryptographic functions available – Static keys for read/write permission The grand vision: RFID as next-generation barcode Barcode RFID tag Fast, automated scanning Line-of-sight Specifies object type Radio contact Uniquely specifies object Provides pointer to database entry for every object Commercial applications • Smoother inventory tracking – Military supply logistics • Gulf War I: Placement of double orders to ensure arrival • Gulf War II: RFID renders supply chain much more reliable • Product recalls • Anti-counterfeiting • Maintaining shelf stocks in retail environments – Gillette Mach3 razor blades • Parenting logistics – Water park uses RFID bracelets to track children ...
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...Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) RFID RFID stands for Radio frequency identification. It is a technology that uses communication via radio waves to exchange data between a reader and an electronic tag attached to an object, for the purpose of identification and tracking. It's grouped under the broad category of automatic identification technologies. RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require physical sight or contact between reader/scanner and the tagged item RFID is also called dedicated short range communication (DSRC). History Invented in 1948 by Harry Stockman. Initial application was during World War II-The United Kingdom used RFID devices to distinguish returning English airplanes from inbound German ones. RADAR was only able to signal the presence of a plane, not the kind of plane it was.. Came into commercial use only in 1990s. Identification * Assign IDs to objects * Link the ID to additional information about the object * Link the ID to complementary info * Find similar objects Components A basic RFID system consists of three components: * An antenna or coil * A transceiver (with decoder) * A transponder (RF tag) * The antenna emits radio signals to activate the tag and to read and write data to it. * The reader emits radio waves in ranges of anywhere from one inch to 100 feet or more, depending upon its power output and the radio frequency used. When an RFID tag passes through the electromagnetic zone...
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...Abstract RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) is a technology that incorporates the use of electromagnetic or electrostatic coupling in the radio frequency (RF) portion of the electromagnetic spectrum to uniquely identify an object, animal, or a person. It is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data whenever required using devices called RFID Tags or transponders. It is also called Dedicated Short Range Communication (DSRC). I would like to make a presentation on the following topics related to RFID technology: * Brief overview of RFID technology * Basic components of RFID * Standards followed * Simple working and Sequence of Communication involved * Advantages, applications and future scope Components of RFID Technology Tags (Chip + Antenna): An RFID Tag is an object that can be stuck on or incorporated into a product, animal or a person for the purpose of identification using radio waves. There are two main components present in the RFID tag. Firstly, a small silicon chip or integrated circuit which contains a unique identification number (ID). Secondly, an antenna that can send and receive radio waves Interrogators (Antenna + Reader): Interrogators are used to read the Tags & in certain cases even write on them. Middleware: Middleware is the needed interface between the existing company databases & information management software. Middleware provides a range of functions: • Data Filtering • System Monitoring ...
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...Passport (MRP) program to increase border security. In 2005, the US government issued its first E-passports (see Fig 1) to select government officials and went public with issuance in late 2006, albeit amid numerous privacy concerns. The new passports contain traditional passport information (such as name, date of birth, gender, place of birth, date of issuance and expiration, and passport number) as well as personal biometric information for facial and fingerprint recognition purposes on a 64 kilobyte chip. Figure 2 shows the configuration of data in the E-passport (Yong & Bertino, 2007). The US Department of State and Western Hemisphere Travel Initiative determined electronic passports were necessary in order to facilitate faster immigration inspections and increase border protection and security. E-passports are scanned prior to inspections, providing border patrol agents additional assurances regarding authenticity, originality, and validity of the relationship between the holder and travel documentation. They also permit officials to scan passport information against watch lists and national no-travel databases to more accurately define prospective terrorists and other threats to the nation (US DOS, 2009). II. Contactless Technology: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) International standards for passports have been set by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) for the past 50 years. The ICAO accepted the RFID technology as a leading global standard due...
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...------------------------------------------------------------------------7 REFERENCING -----------------------------------------------------------------------8 Introduction This report shows how RFID works in daily basis I will be discussing some of any existing technologies and important features of the technology and discuss possible uses of the technology and the feature impact of the technology KNOWLEDGE Radio Frequency identification RFID is a non contact system which radio waves reads the information stored in a transponder. This technology makes it possible to transmit data via radio waves without physical or visual contact and RFID commutation includes at least one transponder, transmitter devices and background acting of IT system which means you need make some coding to make RFID to work. RFID is already used in daily bases e.g. in car immobilizers, toll systems, tags, car tracking, passports, payments, warehouses and many more The first exploration of RFID technology approached in world war II when the British army used RFID technology to act as aircraft identification to make sure whether airplanes were friendly or enemies so the development of RFID have continued since from late 1960 (Jeremy Gragg, 2003). Then later on RFID was also used for anti-theft systems on doors then in the 1970s and 1980s first RFID created for Keyless access control system some of these system allow the...
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...Inventory Management By: Jared Farnsworth, LAT In the fall of two thousand two I was introduced to radio frequency identification or RFID while I was doing my advanced individual training (AIT) for the military in Fort Lee, Virginia. At this time RFID was still in its infancy and not too many people were using RFID at this time. Not really too much was known about the benefits that it provided for inventory management either. The military was in the beginning stages of development and found it useful to link all of the databases at every military installation to make inventory control that much more reliable. Throughout my career in the military I used the RFID system quite a bit, mainly for inventory management. I used it for the control of medical equipment for the Army hospital that I was attached to. Everything had to be documented since all the supplies were highly vital to the proper running of the hospital. Other uses for the RFID system are for loss prevention, tracking inventory replenishment, managing work-in progress, and the removal of production waste through lean management. However certain problems do exist with the RFID system such as misuses and privacy issues. Over the next few paragraphs the benefits and problems with the RFID system will be discussed. “Theft and loss prevention and price markdown management are two of the most promising uses for radio frequency identification technologies deployed at...
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...organizations can achieve competitive advantage by effectively managing its core competencies and activities to create cost advantage and/or differentiation by leveraging Information technology (IT) as a major strategic tool. The latest revolutionary technological breakthrough is the emergence of the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) system which has the demonstrated ability to identify, track, trace and collect information on almost any physical object wirelessly, using electronic tags and radio waves connected to local and international telecommunications networks. RFID therefore provides at least a viable alternative to and significant advantage over the use of barcodes by making use of internet technology and thus providing unlimited opportunities for added value creation and business expansion. While, admittedly, it is no magic elixir and has serious implementation challenges, its full business benefits can be achieved once careful strategic analysis identifying the specific needs of the organization is exercised. RFID is part of the Automatic Identification (Auto-ID) technological grouping which includes barcodes and smart cards. A RFID system has three major components electronic tags (transponders) which stores data, reading devices (interrogators) to capture data and computer hardware and software infrastructure for data processing. Initially developed by the British in the 1940’s for aircraft identification during World War II, its use rapidly spread to other applications...
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...frequency identification (RFID) chips are used in many aspects of the world today. The article that I will be summarizing, discusses certain applications used today. It also briefly points out the ethical and privacy dilemma that society may face today and in the future. This article was written as a reference for Capella University. The tracking uses for Radio frequency identification (RFID) chips are boundless, and there are many possibilities for them to expand in the very near future. They are used for everything from tracking a person’s medical history to finding someone’s lost dog, to tracking shipments and supplies. “Their purpose is to make our world more efficient, to help businesses better track their inventories, to make sure pertinent personal information is quickly available to those who need it.” (Brown, 2005) With the amount of information that is readily available thanks to RFID technology, the issue of people’s private data comes into question. “According to Brown, a balance can be found between the security that RFID chips offer and the privacy they threaten.” (Brown, 2005) This would assist in limiting the amount of information that is retrievable, essentially making the information available on a need to know basis. At the same time, the necessary security can be maintained. This balance has to be established because “anyone can go online and purchase a relatively inexpensive chip reader and start harvesting information from RFID chips wherever they...
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