...completion of the project. We are extremely happy to acknowledge and express our sincere gratitude to our parents for their constant support and encouragement and last but not the least friends and well-wishers for their help and cooperation and solutions to problems during the course of the project. Prepared By: Kothiya Jaydeep A. Bhamani Karim M. Patel Animesh H. Merchant Sarthi J. Abstract Now a day there is a huge rush in the toll plazas in order to pay the toll tax. Therefore in order to reduce the traffic jam and to save time & also to reduce the money loss of 300 cores / year. We have designed project for the automation in toll tax payment using RFID. We have made the automation of toll plaza using combination of PLC and RFID. This project explains the implantation of automation in toll plaza which is a step towards improving the monitoring of vehicles, travelling in predetermine routes. In this project we focuses on an electronic toll collection (ETC) system using radio frequency identification (RFID) technology. This proposed RFID...
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...Final Project RFID Technology A Comparative Study of E-ZPass and Wal-Mart Công nghệ RFID tại Wal-Mart Jose Malpartida, Sebastian Martinez Matias Moral, Avraj Sandhu, Phillip Wittwer 1. Technology overview RFID, or radio frequency identification, is a technology that allows for communication between two devices by means of radio waves. Thus neither a direct line of sight, nor a physical connection is needed. The first device is a reader or antenna, the second is a so called tag. Readers are more complex and expensive devices, whereas the tags are meant to be cheap and produced in high numbers. Tags can be very simple, for example they could transmit a short id code, similar to a bar code, that is powered by an electromagnetic field. Else, they can be more complex: they could be written to, perform calculations for authentication like a pay-tv chipcard, and contain a power source to increase range. Depending on the application, a major share of effort needs to also be put into an operations infrastructure acting on the data received by the antennas, for example time tracking of employees or billing for payment solutions. History The technology was first developed for military aircraft in the 1950s and 60s to allow identification of friendly planes, as the pure radar signature did not answer this question. The first patents for a RFID tag used to unlock a door touch less were awarded in 1973. In the 1980s first applications for toll collection, as discussed...
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...letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA. Compsis at a Crossroads M. Jonathan Lehrich, Paul John Paredes, Ramesh Ravikumar 2004 had not been a good year for Compsis. Founded in 1989 in the Brazilian industrial city of São José dos Campos, Compsis had grown steadily and su ccessfully. In its largest service line, systems integration for electronic toll collection (ETC), th e company had gained the dominant share of the Brazilian market and had even managed projects in Australia and India. Compsis had developed strong relationships with the Brazilian government a nd toll road operators, as well as an international reputation among industry competitors for quality and technological expertise. By 2003, the company’s founders could take pride in reach ing a height of 165 employees and US$4.2 million (R$11.1 million) in revenue. In 2004, however, it appeared that Compsis’s success might be in jeopardy. Revenue fell to US$3.3 million, primarily due to the Brazilian government ’s prolonged delay in awarding new toll road construction rights to concessionaires (road operators). Despite considerable efforts by the business development team, Compsis had been unable to win new ETC projects outside Brazil, not only in Latin America but in Europe and India as well. True, Compsis was making progress in turning its ETC software – SICAT...
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............................................................................. 5 2. INTRODUCTION TO TRANSURBAN GROUP ................................................................... 9 2.1 Overview ................................................................................................................................ 9 2.2 History .................................................................................................................................. 10 2.3 Share Price Performance ...................................................................................................... 12 2.4 Products and Services ........................................................................................................... 14 2.5 Toll Roads ............................................................................................................................ 15 2.5.1 CityLink ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.5.2 M2 Hills ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.5.3 Lane Cove Tunnel .......................................................................................................... 15 2.5.4 M1 Eastern Distributor .................................................................................................. 15 2.5.5 M7 Westlink ......................................................
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...Structure and Control system Compsis was the system integrators that repute in toll road industry and electronic toll collection (ETC). The business had developed from aircraft embedded system to automotive products and expand to Intelligence Transportation System (ITS). SICAT, which was mature product, used this to institute and promote the company in other countries. Compsis had expanded projects which was the first international projects in Australia. Because the differences of geography, culture and work environment, Compsis has cooperated with partnership which is “Philips” who was an American technology firm. Compsis took care of software where as Phillip took care of hardwares, local advertisement. In addition, Phillip had showed potential that they have good operating and fast learning with SICAT system even if Phililp was acquired by Tyco at the end, but this reflected that the strong partnerships helped to successfully extended to international business. This approach was showing that Compsis decentralized control system; for instance, Compsis had sent an employee to Australia for skills transfer to support maintenance. On the other hand, since 2004, Compsis had never have offices such as sales office outside San Jose Dose Campos, Brazil, and it was in the same building which included management, development, and finance office. It can be told that Compsis also was centralized control, it also seemed that all directions were come from Executive management...
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...The motorist contributes to the revenue of South African (SA) by paying the following fees and taxes, annual motor licence fees, CO2 emission tax, the fuel levy (fuel tax) and toll fees when using various roads in the country. Revenue from fines are also payable when motorists are guilty of contravening the National Traffic Regulations e.g. exceeding the legal speed limit on public or national roads and carrying loads exceeding the legal carrying capacity of a vehicle. Revenue from motor vehicle licence fees A Motor vehicle licence fee is payable annually. The cost is determined by the category of the vehicle. This ranges from motorcycles to heavy passenger and goods vehicles. The category of a vehicle is based on the number of axles, and their load carry capacity. The National Road Traffic Act (NRTA) defines the category of vehicle, (Ministry of Transport, 1996). Funds generated from licence fees form a direct revenue stream to the National Treasury. This contributes to the gross annual income of the country. According to the Road Traffic Monitoring Corporation (RTMC), as of December 2010, there are 9 829 400 registered vehicles on the South Africa roads. This increase by 2,52 per cent from December 2009, with significant contributions of increase in the motorcar and bus categories and a notably decrease in the number of motorcycles. The highest per cent of motor vehicles are in Gauteng and Western Cape Province respectively. Attached are the data table and graph illustrating...
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...efficient with their job; hence, increasing their bottom line. This probably rings truer though for companies that have more of a family orientation, or where personal relationships are important. In larger companies, where you are just one of many, or even in small companies where there is a bit of indifference between employees, losing your job to WALL-E seems more conceivable. Many companies have taken advantage of the global reach of the Internet by outsourcing their work. Robots have been, and are continuing to replace workers due to their speed, efficiency, and cost effectiveness. Some technology that primarily was intended to bring increased benefits to consumers have also result in job losses. Electronic toll collection systems that have...
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...meters. Most traffic often occurs at the toll caused by the length of the payment process at the counter in cash, furthermore there are a lot of moral hazard cases are implemented by counter toll employees, that shouldn’t receive any tip. Thus, Jasa Marga as the company who build the highway needs another alternative to make it more efficient. Regarding those problems, the toll road operators found out a new system to solve the problems. One of the systems that have been used until now is the application of e-Toll Card. E-Toll Card is a pre-paid contactless smartcard issued by Bank Mandiri in cooperation with PT Jasa Marga (Persero) Tbk, PT Citra Marga Nusaphala Persada Tbk and PT Marga Mandala Sakti for toll payment transaction. E-Toll Card uses RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) which enables remote transaction (contactless). The balance is stored in the card’s chip so that during transaction with e-Toll Card there is no need for a PIN or signature. E-Toll users just need to attach the card to pay tolls fee within 4 seconds, faster than paying in cash, which takes 7 seconds. The electronic card service for the toll road (e-toll card) has a great demand toll users. In fact, the e-toll could reduce queues at the toll gate is significant. For comparison, the minimum service standards at the toll booth attendant had for eight seconds. However, the e-toll, the service only takes a second. With e-Toll Card, people can pay the toll faster, no need for cash and no hassle with...
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...1980’s as original research, specializing in outbound telephone market research work for the automotive industry. The name Faneuil was adopted in the mid 1990’s as the company’s operations move to Boston, Massachutes and located its headquarters in the historic Faneuil Hall. At that time the focus expanded into new industries and new geographic markets. Faneuil Inc. developed into a diverse international organization, with multi-channel contact centers serving numerous industries in cities throughout the United States and Canada. Our most notable clients during this period of growth included: Bridgestone Firestone, Sprint, and more recently Florida’s Turnpike Enterprise (FTE) for whom we operate their Sunpass Electric Toll Collection Program and Revenue Collection Services Program. In 2007, Faneuil Inc. was acquired by McAndrews and Forbes. Faneuil currently has over 2000 employees and is responsible for millions of customer transactions each day. McAndrews and Forbes Holding Inc. Faneuil is owned by Mac Andrews and Forbes, a holding company portfolio of public and private companies, including: AM General, Deluxe, Harland Clarke, Mafco, Panavision, Scantron, Scientific Games, SIGA, and Transtech Pharma Mission Statement Our mission is to provide integrated customer management solutions that enable our clients to build profitable lifetime customer relationships and exceptional customer service. We accomplish this mission by focusing completely on the needs of our clients and...
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...INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction RFID technology has under gone a speedy growth since decades ago. RFID technology is well known and extensively applied in many home and industry appliances such as for logistic distribution, manufacturing process, security and monitor purposes [1]. Hague, M. (1999). In Malaysia, RFID technology is applied in the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) for a safer, successful, well-organized, reliable, and environmentally friendly system [2]. Masliyana, A. (2008). Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) is one of the ITS application. The users do not need to line up and waiting to pay their toll fee when they used “Touch N Go” system. ETC is developed by the Malaysia Government to decrease traffic...
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... Not captured the commercial market. First using during Second World War for tracking enemy aircraft bar code technology. Components of RFID The RFID tags known as transponders or acts as transmitters as a receivers in systems. Basics components of RFID : • Antenna • Microchip or memory • Encapsulating materials Types of Tags 1. Read-only Tag Information written only once during the manufacturing process. Information along with the serial number on the read-only tag can never be altered. 2. Read-Write Tag Read-write only the serial number is written during the manufacturing process which cannot be altered. The blocks of information can be rewritten by the user. 3. Write Once Read Many The serial number is written only once and cannot be rewritten. It can be read multiple times. RFID Reader Device used to transmit and receive information from the RFID tag. It also called as an ‘interrogator’. It includes sensors that are capable of reading the tags in the vicinity. Application RFID 1. Personnel identification 2. Livestock identification and tracking 3. Electronic toll connection 4. Cargo and container...
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...Currently implemented vehicular management systems are using RFID and other such type of technologies and thus suffer from various flaws, inefficiencies and disadvantages.[7] We hereby propose an application of ZigBee wireless protocol for vehicle to vehicle management in the applications like toll deduction, collision detection etc. We have studied principles of...
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...CISA, CIA, CFE, DOI , adio frequency identification (RFID) is a method of remotely storing and retrieving data using devices called RFID tags. RFID is a wireless technology that includes passive, semipassive and active tags: • Active RFID systems can store large amounts of information using a power source within the tags. • Passive RFID tags do not use a separate external power source. They obtain operating power from the tag reader. • Semipassive RFID uses an internal power source to monitor environmental conditions, but requires radio frequency energy transferred from the reader to power a tag response (similar to passive tags). The tags are small objects that can be attached to or incorporated into a product, much like the standard bar code tags on products in the supermarket. The difference is that while it takes a laser to scan a standard bar code and read its universal product code, an RFID tag stores its identifying code on a tiny microchip and transmits it wirelessly to a reader device. This allows more tags to be scanned at once from farther away, and it allows individual items—not just types of items—to be assigned unique identifying codes. An RFID system may consist of several components: tags, tag readers, tag programming stations, circulation readers, sorting equipment and tag inventory wands. The purpose of a system is to enable data to be transmitted by a portable device called a tag, which is read by an RFID reader and processed according to the needs of a particular...
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...Introduction RFID is a technology which enables detecting and identifying objects using electromagnetic radio waves. This is processed through exchange of information between a reader and a tag being attached to the object that includes the data associated with the object. This can be used to detect and classify vehicles, animals, patients, shipment goods and airline baggage. [1] RFID technology involves two main components, they are transponders which are also known as tags or labels, contain the relevant information about the object and other the interrogators, also known as readers or transceivers, that extract the data from the tags. These tags can be passive or active tags. Passive tags use the energy from the EM radiation of the reader for its processing, where as active tags receive power from an internal battery for its processing and communication with the reader. An integrated electronic circuit is embedded in tags for storage and processing operations and an antenna that transmits and receives the RF signal. [2] Figure : components of RFID Source : http://www.docstoc.com/docs/17328767/Draft-SP800-98 The tags used in RFID are enabled with read-write operations, with a large storage capacity. Data can be modified any number of times. Tag and reader act as two way radio communication in which each antenna carries the modulation and demodulation of RF signals, with operation frequency ranges from low frequency to UHF. As radio waves are used, RFID does not require...
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...operations. The company is well recognized for their innovation when it comes to utilizing the latest technologies and information systems to maximize their profitability. Information systems structures and processes play a critical role in Walmart’s success and today they are bringing that innovative spirit to the market as they move toward full implementation of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID). This technology allows for Walmart’s operations to function efficiently and effectively as they are capable of sending and receiving real time data to the networks. By doing so they are able to communicate the information to the retailer and the product manufactures making it possible for Walmart to remain competitive in the retail industry by properly controlling its inventories. This report will explain how Walmart has utilized several information systems throughout the course of its history such as: point of sale, satellite communication systems, data warehouses, retail link systems, electronic data interchange (EDI), and most recently web bases platforms, but none are as innovative as RFID (Wailgum, 2007). This technology was previously tested by the U.S. Air Force to try and reduce labor costs and allow management to make better decisions based on more accurate information regarding tracking packages/inventories (Roberti, 2004). This technology in the hands of the retail giant will allow for more up to date accurate...
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