...Advertising seeks to obtain the greatest number of customers by spending the least amount of money. Therefore, advertisers must carefully consider their target audience and employ several rhetorical principles to convince their audience to buy a specific product. In January of 2009, Cover Girl released a new ad campaign featuring Ellen DeGeneres promoting a new anti-aging product. In the advertisements featuring Ellen, the advertisers at Cover Girl uses ethos, logos, and pathos in an attempt to convince women to buy their products. By identifying the ways in which Cover Girl’s new advertisements appeal to their audience, students of rhetoric can gain a more complete understanding of how advertisers employ rhetorical principles as tools of persuasion in order to motivate their audience to buy new products. Choosing Ellen DeGeneres as the new spokesperson for Cover Girl most overtly appeals to authority. Many women trust Ellen both because she maintains a level of respect both personally and professionally. On a personal level, Ellen presents herself as an average woman who happens to be funny. Cover Girl hopes that women will identify with Ellen because of her positive and prominent personal reputation. Furthermore, Ellen hosts a talk show that, among other things, establishes her as an honest and reliable source of information. Several American women watch Ellen’s talk show daily and trust her as an authoritative and reliable source of helpful information. For example, Ellen...
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...changing part of society. It shapes to the ideas and interests of the people and creates a face to current pop culture. The problem with music is that certain kinds do not appeal to every person. Music is personal to the listener, and what may sound good to one might sound awful to another. In the article “Lady Gaga’s New Album Is a Pop Rapture”, author Jody Rosen offers an illustrative, interesting look at the music industry and the appeal of music to an audience. When creating a critical piece of writing it is important to be aware of the intended audience. Rosen successfully utilizes an excess of rhetorical strategies in his writing. His writing catches to the intended audience, and it is clear who the audience is meant to be. Throughout Rosen’s article, it is clear that he likes Lady Gaga’s talent and songwriting abilities, and his language and rhetorical strategies help to show his point in a great way. When writing an article that reviews anything it is important to be aware of the intended audience. Not only that, it is equally important to successfully support the writing for the audience. In Jody Rosen’s article he clearly states his intended audience: Gaga fans. Rosen identifies his audience in a perfect manner, and his ability for description leaves the reader with a good image in their mind. Rosen appeals to this audience by describing Gaga as a music genius. He gets to the roots of Lady Gaga’s music and brings it to life off the page. With this type of writing it is...
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...machine, and several lifeless objects, the little Vader sits at the kitchen counter, flustered. As his father pulls into the driveway with a 2012 Volkswagen Passat, little Vader dashes into the driveway while dodging a hug from his father. With all the concentration he can muster, the little Vader directs his arms at the car as he tries to turn it on. Seeing this, the boy’s father starts the car with the touch of a button. Shocked the little Vader staggers back, aghast. Initially, I felt a sense of hilarity while watching this ad. This emotion stuck throughout and does not change even after the ad is over. Most importantly, the use of comedy in this ad resulted in me remembering it, making it an effective advertisement. This Volkswagen Passat commercial uses ethos, pathos, and logos to make it such a successful advertisement. The ad uses these rhetorical strategies with different levels of effectiveness, however. In my opinion, the strongest of the three techniques is the use of pathos. This commercial is a prime example of pathos being utilized to persuade an audience. Pathos is the use of emotion to persuade the audience and this ad evokes a number of different emotions. I feel like the most effective emotion is humor. Watching the little Vader trying to use the force was priceless to watch. I remember seeing this commercial during the super bowl with my friends. We all laughed out loud when we saw the little Vader chasing his dog down the hallway with his hands aimed at the dog...
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...William Shakespeare: Merchant of Venice The name William Shakespeare will be remembered for as long as one can imagine. People from all around the world constantly read Shakespeare’s plays, as they are known to be some of the best plays in history because of their unique and profound qualities that helped Shakespeare earn his title of “the greatest dramatist of all time.” Unfortunately, because Shakespeare lived long before modern-day playwrights and poets, the worlds literary society knows much less about him and his background than they do about his plays. Although there is very little evidence that proves Shakespeare’s existence, he did once live during the 16th century. Historians have made assumptions about Shakespeare’s life and the events that he experienced in order to piece together a timeline of the mysterious poet’s life. There are not any actual birth records that exist, but scholars have found church records, which state that a William Shakespeare was baptized on April 26, 1564 in Stratford-upon-Avon, England. Educated assumptions are all that scholars have in terms of sources relating to the early life of Shakespeare. However, information about his adulthood has been gathered and allows for people to get to know the poet a little more personally. Shakespeare married Anne Hathaway on November 28, 1582, in Worcester, in Canterbury Province. Shakespeare was only 18 when he and Anne got married. His young age did not stop him from becoming a father shortly after his...
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...Quick List of Common Literary Terms Abstract Language—Language describing ideas and qualities rather than observable or specific things, people, or places. The observable or "physical" is usually described in concrete language. Allegory—A narrative or description having a second meaning beneath the surface one. A story, fictional or nonfictional, in which characters, things, and events represent qualities or concepts. The interaction of these characters, things, events is meant to reveal an abstraction or a truth. These characters, etc. may be symbolic of the ideas referred to. Alliteration—The repetition at close intervals of initial identical consonant sounds. Allusion—An indirect reference to something (usually a literary text) with which the reader is expected to be familiar. Allusions are usually literary, historical, Biblical, or mythological. Ambiguity—An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way. Also, the manner of expression of such an event or situation may be ambiguous. Artful language may be ambiguous. Unintentional ambiguity is usually vagueness. Anachronism—Assignment of something to a time when it was not in existence, e.g., the watch Merlyn wore in The Once and Future King. Analogy—An analogy is a comparison to a directly parallel case. When a writer uses an analogy, he or she argues that a claim reasonable for one case is reasonable for the analogous case. Anecdote—A brief recounting of a relevant episode. Anecdotes are...
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...ENGLISH 12 TERMS AND DEVICES A active voice allegory alliteration allusion analogy antagonist anti-climax antithesis apostrophe argumentative essay anecdotal evidence archaic language aside assonance atmosphere audience autobiography B ballad ballad stanza bias biography blank verse C cacophony caricature case study catastrophe cause and effect character characterization character foil chorus chronological order cliché climactic order climax colloquialism colloquial language comedy comic relief compare and contrast comparison conflict connotation consonance* contrast couplet D denotation dénouement descriptive essay dialect dialogue diary diction didactic dilemma direct presentation dissonance drama dramatic irony dramatic monologue dramatic form dynamic character E editorial elegy emotional appeal epic epilogue epiphany epigram epitaph euphemism euphony expert testimony exposition expository essay extended metaphor external conflict F fable falling action fantasy farce figurative language first person point of view flashback flat character foil foreshadowing form formal essay formal language frame story free verse G genre graphic text H hero historical reference hyperbole I iambic pentameter idiom image imagery indeterminate ending indirect presentation informal essay informal language interior monologue internal conflict internal rhyme irony * consonance is defined in two ways: 1) the repetition of consonant sounds before and after differing vowels, such as “flip-flop,”...
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...A active voice allegory alliteration allusion analogy antagonist anti-climax antithesis apostrophe argumentative essay anecdotal evidence archaic language aside assonance atmosphere audience autobiography B ballad ballad stanza bias biography blank verse C cacophony caricature case study catastrophe cause and effect character characterization character foil 襯托 chorus 合唱 chronological order cliché climactic order climax colloquialism colloquial language comedy comic relief 喜劇性穿插 compare and contrast comparison conflict connotation consonance*尾韻contrast couplet D denotation dénouement 結局 descriptive essay dialect dialogue diary diction didactic dilemma direct presentation dissonance drama dramatic irony dramatic monologue dramatic form dynamic character E editorial 社論的 elegy emotional appeal epic敘事詩 epilogue 收場白 epiphany神聖的表現 epigram讽刺短诗 epitaph碑文 euphemism 委婉語 euphony悅耳之音 expert testimony exposition闡述 expository essay extended metaphor external conflict | F fable falling action fantasy farce figurative language first person point of view flashback flat character foil foreshadowing form formal essay formal language frame story free verse G genre graphic text H hero historical reference hyperbole I iambic pentameter idiom image imagery indeterminate ending indirect presentation informal essay informal language interior monologue internal conflict internal rhyme irony J jargon juxtaposition L legend limited omniscient point of view literal language lyric M melodrama metaphor metre...
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...style and are not given their freedom of speech to avoid possibly offending or imposing any stereotypes on the students. Universities have purposely blocked out discussions of certain thoughts and ideas because they want to embrace a world that’s less cruel than the reality. College students are grown up and should be not be restricted to filtered ideas and thoughts that are respectful towards the university’s certain set of imposed beliefs. The article “That’s Not Funny!” by Caitlin Flanagan reveals how many stand up comedians tend to stray away from college gigs because they are too restricting on what they are allowed to express to a room of young adults. Flanagan effectively persuades her audience by appealing to them with her use of rhetorical techniques such as logos, ethos, and pathos. Since Flanagan is a...
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...America was consumed with excitement and anticipation with the 2004 Presidential Election nearing. The frontrunners in the race were George Bush (Republican) and John Kerry (Democrat). The competition between those candidates was closely speculated by almost the entire country. Prior to the election, Al Gore, the 45th Vice President working alongside Clinton (Geschickter), addressed the crowd at the Democratic National Convention in Fleet Center, Boston. There, Gore riled up the audience by asking numerous specifically driven rhetorical questions, as well as utilizing significant tone shifts throughout the speech. Gore also strategically lightheartedly cracked jokes about his political past, and meaningfully placed his hand over his heart....
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...CHAP TER Rhetorical Modes 1. NARRATION L E A R N I N G O B J E C T I V E S 10 1. Identify the purpose and structure of narrative writing. 2. Recognize how to write a narrative essay. Rhetorical modes simply mean the ways in which we can effectively communicate through language. This chapter covers nine common rhetorical modes. As you read about these nine modes, keep in mind that the rhetorical mode a writer chooses depends on his or her purpose for writing. Sometimes writers incorporate a variety of modes in one essay. In covering the nine rhetorical modes, this chapter also emphasizes these as a set of tools that will allow you greater flexibility and effectiveness in communicating with your audience and expressing your ideas. rhetorical modes The ways in which we effectively communicate through language. 1.1 The Purpose of Narrative Writing Narration means the art of storytelling, and the purpose of narrative writing is to tell stories. Any time you tell a story to a friend or family member about an event or incident in your day, you engage in a form of narration. In addition, a narrative can be factual or fictional. A factual story is one that is based on, and tries to be faithful to, actual events as they unfolded in real life. A fictional story is a made-up, or imagined, story; the writer of a fictional story can create characters and events as he or she sees fit. However, the big distinction between factual and fictional narratives is based on a writer’s purpose...
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...Disney’s 1940 Letter to Stockholders Joel H. Amcrnic UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO and Russell J. Craig AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY ACCOUNTABILITY AND RHETORIC DURING A CRISIS: WALT DISNEY’S 1940 LETTER TO STOCKHOLDERS Abstract: In 1940, Walt Disney was faced with crafting a message of corporate accountability under duress. His company, the product of his creative genius, had been forced to submit to public accountability. It had a pressing need to raise preferred equity finance for a major expansion during a period of market uncertainty, war, and reported losses. This paper conducts a “close reading” of the “Letter to Stockholders” in Walt Disney Productions’ 1940 annual report, the first such letter signed by Walt Disney. The letter’s rhetorical features, including metaphor and ideology, are examined in the context of the times. What is revealed is an accountability document skillfully crafted with the exigencies faced by Disney’s company firmly in mind. The letter offers suggestive insight to the world as Disney made sense of it. The paper contributes to understanding the use of rhetoric by top management in activities related to aspects of financial accountability and reporting. It also helps to understand better a significant public persona of the 20th century, Walt Disnev. Acknowledgment The authors wish to acknowledge the helpful comments of the reviewers. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVES Analysis of annual reports, including letters by CEOs to stockholders, has a long history in...
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...Should Pope Benedict XVI have resigned? For the first time in over 600 years, the Pope has stepped down from his holy position and abandoned his role in the Roman Catholic Church. In history, only four other Popes have resigned. Every Pope for the past 600 years has lived through their issues, personal matters, and problems to serve the Roman Catholic community and has died in their position. The Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, which values tradition, should have kept with the tradition of dying in his seat of holy power. However, in his resignation statement, Benedict states; “In today’s world … both strength of mind and body are necessary, strength which in the last few months, has deteriorated in me to the extent that I have had to recognize my incapacity to adequately fulfill the ministry entrusted to me.” The Pope argues that, with his deteriorating strength, he can no longer carry out the responsibilities of the papacy. It is also true that Pope Benedict XVI is leaving the church in a more troubled state than when he first received the grand position. For years, controversy has plagued Catholicism. The controversy has only intensified since his coronation. The Pope no longer signifies true morality, especially after sex scandal controversies appeared in recent years . An increase in religious disregard and apathy has brought a societal shift in perspective of the church. The position of The Pope, and the church in general, promotes backwards moral values from a...
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...Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Lenka Drbalová Comedy of Manners: William Congreve and Oscar Wilde Bachelor’s Diploma Thesis Supervisor: prof. Mgr. Milada Franková, CSc., M.A. 2014 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Author’s signature Acknowledgement I would like to thank prof. Mgr Franková , CSc., M.A. and PhDr. Věra Pálenská, CSc. for their guidance, advice and kind encouragement. Table of Contents Preface ...............................................................................................2 Introduction ......................................................................................3 Chapter I – The Way of the World 1.1 In General ..................................................................................8 1.2 True Wit and False Wit ............................................................9 1.3 Courtship and Love .................................................................14 1.4 Invention vs. Reality ................................................................18 Chapter II – The Importance of Being Earnest 2.1 In General ................................................................................22 2.2 True Wit and False Wit ..........................................................23 2.3 Courtship...
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...Program in Writing and Rhetoric Autumn 2005 Honorable Mention Matthew Gribble Instructor’s Foreword Movies tell us that in the wake of a murder, detectives would stretch what appear to be pipe cleaners, or a very taut yarn, through the bullet holes left in walls, in lamps, in the hollow doors of haunted rooms. The yarn was there to demonstrate the location of the shooter – or indeed, shooters – relative to the victim. But the fact is that other forces might have conspired in the murder. (Poison may have been used; bullets may have been fired only as an afterthought; perhaps they were fired by the victim himself, before he died . . .) Yarn can tell us the story only in certain circumstances. As a researcher and a writer, Matthew Gribble analyzes his crime scene with diligence and care. The crisis: The shortage of nurses in America. The question: How and why did this shortage become a persistent problem? Matthew affixes strings of yarn to a number of gunshots: the increasing average age of the workforce, long hours, work that is often menial or clerical, and finally, relatively low salaries. But these strands lead to new questions, wider causes which have nothing to do with social yarn. These new questions have to do with rhetoric and the enduring association of nursing with “women’s work” and “femininity.” Matthew has the audacity to ask how the rhetoric of femininity actually functions. How and why are we compelled to accept images and tropes as ‘normal’ or ‘natural’ when...
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...GRAAD 12 NATIONAL SENIOR CERTIFICATE GRADE 12 ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE P1 FEBRUARY/MARCH 2011 MARKS: 70 TIME: 2 hours This question paper consists of 17 pages. Copyright reserved Please turn over English Home Language/P1 2 NSC DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. This question paper consists of THREE sections: SECTION A: Comprehension SECTION B: Summary SECTION C: Language in context 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Read ALL the instructions carefully. Answer ALL the questions. Start EACH section on a NEW page. Rule off after each section. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. Leave a line after each answer. Pay special attention to spelling and sentence construction. Use the following time frames as a guideline: SECTION A: 50 minutes SECTION B: 25 minutes SECTION C: 45 minutes 10. Write neatly and legibly. (30) (10) (30) 7. 8. 9. Copyright reserved Please turn over English Home Language/P1 3 NSC DBE/Feb. – Mar. 2011 SECTION A: COMPREHENSION QUESTION 1: READING FOR MEANING AND UNDERSTANDING Read TEXTS A, B and C below and answer the set questions. TEXT A UBUNTU FOR BEGINNERS by Sam Wilson 1 I studied constitutional law at university, when our transitional constitution was just up and running. 'Nifty, but tricky,' I remember whispering to my friend Amanda as I nudged her awake in a lecture. 'What do you think that means? How's that going to 5 work?' As I was soon to discover...
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