...The 1960s was a time dealing with civil rights. There were many leaders during this time that had a huge impact on civil rights like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Both of these leaders were fighting for the rights of african americans, but they both had different viewpoints. MLK was a peaceful man, while Malcolm X was more aggressive. The two of these civil rights leaders had different philosophies but were both successful. However, Martin Luther King Jr. was more helpful during this time period. One reason Martin Luther King Jr.’s philosophy made more sense than Malcolm X’s philosophy is, Martin Luther KIng Jr. wanted to work together with whites to act upon segregation. For example, MLK said “With this faith we will be able to work...
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...The Branches of Philosophy Transcript S1: Hello, and welcome to another presentation in Philosophy 201: Philosophy and Contemporary Ideas. In this presentation, I want to introduce you to three major branches of philosophy, and talk about each branch a little bit separately, and then I’ll finish off by talking about some miscellaneous branches of philosophy that are kind of an overlap of those three branches. S2: The first major branch of philosophy is the branch of metaphysics. The word metaphysics means, ‘above or beyond physics.’ It investigates questions of reality and existence. But as the word implies, it’s not just simply the existence that we see or the things that we experience with our senses, but what’s beyond those. What’s beyond this real world that we see here? Why does it work the way that it works? Why is it here? How did it get here? Those are some metaphysical areas that we deal with here. We can break metaphysics into four sub-categories here. The first sub-category is cosmological metaphysics, and this deals specifically with the origin and purpose of reality. Why does anything exist at all? That’s often been called the first philosophical question. Why does anything exist? Where did reality come from? How did it develop the way that it was? What is its purpose—why is it here? Those are all cosmological questions. A second area of metaphysics is theological metaphysics, and this deals with the reality of something beyond the natural reality...
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...discussion of various nonhuman animals in his book Beyond Words, How Animals Think and Feel. Martha Nussbaum is an American Philosopher, who focused on philosophy in the field of moral theories. She is a distinguished Professor of Law and Ethics at the University of Chicago. Her interests include the ancient Greek, ethics, political philosophy, Roman philosophy, feminism and animal rights. Her works include various books either as an author or an editor. Carl Safina is a philosopher who explored the inner feelings of the animals in his book Beyond Words. This paper will apply Nussbaum's philosophy to the Carl Safina's discussion that demonstrates that animals have feelings, and describes their cognitive nature. Thus, they are aware of the mistreatment, only that they are powerless to resist the abuses. He elaborates the communication abilities of the elephants, whales, and other animals. We, human beings consider ourselves superior to the others, but by various measures, we are the most “frequently irrational, distortional, delusional, worried.” Many people who oppose the harsh treatment of animals cite Martha Nussbaum’s capabilities theory. His approach advocates for the better treatment of animals and recognition of their rights as cognitive beings. This formed one of the philosophical pillars that are referred in the animal rights protection. Her approach has captured the attention of many philosophers and policy makers who make inferences to her theory in their decisions. She...
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...Washington’s life was filled with hard work, which eventually gave him great success in his life. Utilizing his skills taught to him at his past jobs, he was given the opportunity to attend school when not present at his jobs as a salt packer, coal miner and house servant. After attending the American Missionary Association and Wayland Seminary, he was hired as the first principal of what later became the Tuskegee Institute (Norton, 2012). Washington was immensely involved in the success of the Tuskegee Institute, even aiding in the construction of the building (Norton 2012). Washington used his authoritative position to aid in pushing his Christian virtues and simple, disciplined living among the student body. Under Washington’s command the institute quickly thrived (Norton, 2012). Booker T. Washington’s popularity increased following his speech known as the “Atlanta Compromise”. Numerous supporters of Washington, included whites and blacks across the nation (Norton, 2012). While one would not think an African American boy would grow up to become a man of great influence, that is precisely what happened in the story of Booker T. Washington’s life. In “Up from Slavery”, Booker T. Washington chronicles his progression from a childhood slave to an ambitious free man in order to show how his past experiences influenced his philosophy and achievements, focused on a pacifying relationship between races and prosperity through hard work, to become the most influential African...
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...Pre-Socratic Period Thales of Miletus Background: Thales of Miletus (fl. c. 585 BC) is regarded as the father of philosophy. Thales of Miletus was considered one of the Seven Wise Men of ancient Greece. Thales was the first of the Greek natural philosophers and founder of the Ionian school of ancient Greek thinkers. Works/Writings/Philosophy: His is said to have measured the Egyptian pyramids and to have calculated the distance from shore of ships at sea using his knowledge of geometry. He also predicted an eclipse of the sun. In geometry Thales has been credited with the discovery of five theorems like the one that a triangle inscribed in a semicircle has a right angle. He tried to discover the substance from which everything in nature is made off and suggested water. Thales is important in bridging the worlds of myth and reason. He initiated the revolutionary notion that to understand the world one needed to know its nature and that there was an explanation for all phenomena in natural terms. That was a giant step from the assumptions of the old world that supernatural forces determined almost everything. While considering the effects of magnetism and static electricity, he concluded that the power to move other things without the mover itself changing was a characteristic of "life", so that a magnet and amber must therefore be alive in some way (in that they have animation or the power to act). If so, he argued, there is no difference between the living and the dead...
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...great philosophies, and great philosophies make great thinkers, and one of them is W. Edwards Deming. Deming changed our lives by developing better ways for people to work together. He was educated in engineering physics and became an early student of statistics. He derived the first philosophy and method that allows individuals and organizations, to plan and continually improve themselves, their relationships, processes products and services. His philosophy is one of cooperation and continual improvement; to steer clear of blame and redefines mistakes as opportunities for improvement. Deming’s philosophy came about while he was in Japan, doing census work after World War II. He also taught statistical process control to leaders of prominent Japanese businesses. Japanese businesses started applying Deming’s philosophy and saw great improvement; their quality was way more superior then of their competitors. Deming’s points and philosophies apply equally to any kind of business, everyone could use his logic. After using his philosophy, the Japanese saw such improvement in their products and their businesses in general; their business was soaring and their cost was lower than that of other businesses. Japanese businesses soared and ruled the global market. By improving quality, companies will decrease expenses as well as increase productivity and market share. Companies that were using Deming’s philosophy saw that they didn’t have to sacrifice quality to get things done right. Companies...
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...Understanding Philosophy and its Benefits By: Anonymous Understanding Philosophy and its Benefits 1 Many of Plato’s dialogues such as the Euthyphro, Apology, Crito and Phaedo are based upon the same reoccurring theme, the defense of the study of philosophy. Plato’s dialogues notable for their depth in a relatively narrow framework, attempt to argue the benefits of philosophical reasoning through essence, knowledge and truth. To understand the benefits of philosophy one must pose the question, what is philosophy? Ironically, philosophy in itself is a reflexive question. It is this bidirectional theory that makes philosophy so profoundly intellectual. It becomes reason as to why trying to find out what philosophy actually is inevitably becomes a way of not only studying philosophy but doing philosophy. By textbook definition, philosophy is the attempt to use reason and logic to answer fundamental questions about knowledge, life, morality and human nature. This definition represents a vexing philosophical issue, how can we attempt to answer these questions in a definite manner? Well, in retrospect Philosophy pursues questions rather than answers. Plato uses dialogue to aide clarity and understanding to those ideas and questions that fall outside of the “scientific domain”. After reading Plato’s dialogues, one can note that, Socrates never comes to any definite conclusion to any of the questions he poses. For example, in the Euthyphro, we are never fully able to determine...
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...Andrade 1 Andrew Andrade Mr. Barker Philosophy 101 9 February 2011 Word count: 2049 PHILOSOPHY Many people believe that philosophy is a subject meant for those who are lost in life. Its actually the opposite those who do not study philosophy are lost in life. In our everyday lives philosophy can be applied from our hygiene to our relationships. It is based on the questioning of every aspect of life to better gain an understanding of it. The better understanding of something can allow us to change the bad for the better or add to the good if need be. The big questions in philosophy are about the existence of god, our own existence, morality, ethics, reality, life’s meaning, and knowledge. All question have an ultimate goal to end pain and suffering whether it be in life or death. There have been many philosophers who believe that they have figured out the solution to suffering in life and death. They came up with guidelines and philosophies that would help people to be good morally in turn be good for all of mankind. Siddhartha Gautama, K’ung-fu-Tzu, and Lao Tzu all believed that their own ways were the most effective. Buddha was born into a royal family who believed in the traditional teachings of the Hindu religion. It involved reincarnation, karma, Brahmin priesthood, sacrificial system, and the caste system. With god and goddess, the better you do in a previous life the better your next life will...
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...standard, principle, or theory that is absolute Utilitarianism: ethical doctrine of greatest good: the ethical doctrine that the greatest happiness of the greatest number should be the criterion of the virtue of action doctrine based on value of usefulness: the doctrine that the value of an action or an object lies in usefulness utilitarian quality: the quality of being designed primarily for practical use rather than beauty Libertarianism: advocate of individual responsibility: somebody who believes in the doctrine of free will advocate of individual freedom: somebody who believes in the principle that people should have complete freedom of thought and action Categorical Imperative: Kantian moral law: according to the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant, an unconditional moral law applying to all rational beings and independent of all personal desires and motives Communism: Class less political system: the political theory or system in which all property and wealth is owned in a classless society by all the members of that society Socialism: political system of communal ownership:...
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...consumption in respect to consumer and employee wellbeing. The power of all modern Fast Food giants combined have eclipsed the power of any one government. Marketing has become a key component to luring consumers to fast food. Schlosser makes the argument that a once AllAmerican ideal, fast food has grown too big to control. Schlosser highlights the freedom right philosophy of make your own luck through the story of Carl’s Jr. founder, Carl Karcher. Karcher did not grow up in the restaurant business, rather a string of opportunities and risk created a perfect storm for Karcher. At a young age Carl went to work for family in California. After 3 years he delivered fresh bread for a bakery. He was now married and took out a loan to buy a hot dog stand. 4 years later he opened his first restaurant Carl’s DriveIn BBQ. This was all happening at the same time McDonald’s was becoming big in Southern California. In 30 years Carl’s Jr had over 300 restaurants. By managing risk and a good business model, Carl Karcher thrived using freedom right philosophy. He also happened to be a political conservative. Order left philosophy is brought to life in Fast Food Nation in the horrific plight of Kenny Dobbins, a factory worker. Kenny suffered a herniated disc in his back from catching a box. Kenny was hit by a train. Kenny was chemically burned inside and outside his body. Kenny had a massive heart attack on the job, and while recovering in the hospital, he was fired. Other than Job, Kenny may...
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...The 1960’s, full of questionable philosophies of activists expressing what they seemed to be their right of knowledge and ethics for others to follow but none were sure of to be the most senseful of the all. King believed in to be the most notable activist around the 1960’s along with Malcolm X. The two followed nearly complete opposite philosophies in which people sought out and followed along with their community for change and equality. Malcolm X a black nationalist, a devoted follower of Islam, Elijah Muhammad. X expressed and taught that white race brainwashed blacks to be patient while enduring injustice around their home and country, preaching anti-white rhetoric and change of America by any means necessary. Some expressed his thoughts on creating an all black society of their own throughout the civil rights era. King seemed as an opposite in most ways but with the same goal of respect and equality of the black community. Following the teachings of Gandhi, throughout his works even though King was a Christian priest. He pursued his vision through a philosophy of peaceful change through sit ins etc. to desegregate the nation. The philosophy of the two were nothing but opposites yet during the 60’s MLK’s ideology was the most suitable for America at that time....
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...Philosophy is a vast subject that not only gives person knowledge about important perspectives in different societies but also a deeper and meaningful understanding of how the world around us works. Using the knowledge from this class, I am taking Buddhism and relating it with one of the most popular site for tourists in Oahu, Hawaii, the Byodo-In Temple. The temple, as I see it, stands as an icon for what Hawaii is and what the idea of Buddhism has to do in Hawaii. The temple maybe a religious site for those who follow Buddhism, or the ones who would like to view it from a religious point of view. But more importantly, it stands as a living proof of the influences of the immigrants in Hawaii and what religious philosophies they brought along with them when they came in, or what they give importance to. Also, another perspective is how Hawaii wants to structure itself with the potential of income from Japanese tourists, given that Byodo-In Temple is a beautiful imitation of temple in Japan. Having been born in Nepal, where about one third of the populations follow Buddhism, I was always interested in knowing the cultural and the key philosophical concepts of Buddhism. As with every other thing, Buddhism too has its own philosophical concepts and understandings. Buddhism, which was first spread by Gautama Buddha, has philosophical concepts and understandings to explain as to why it was started, and what Buddhism tries to convey. The primary concept of Buddhism-- Enlightenment...
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...to impose on the reader. The emergence of philosophies in every literary sexy whether predominantly or as an allusion. The path in which philosophies take in becoming an allusion in a literary text is through the characters that the author chooses to have represent the concepts in the book. Fyodor Dostoevsky uses the allusion to human philosophies by having them unfold throughout the lives of his characters in the choices they make in his book Crime and Punishment. Svidrigailov represents the allusion to the human philosophy, nihilism and irrational egoism,...
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...Philosophy, Sanctions & Criminal Justice CJS/220 5/17/2014 Microsoft Christina Israel Our criminal justice system works on four different philosophies of punishment. They take those four punishment philosophies and apply them to the law of keeping others safe. Most of the philosophies are pretty self explanatory. I am going to go through them all and show how each affects the post-conviction process and how sections relate to the each punishment philosophy. The first one, which most of us are very familiar with is Deterrence. Deterrence is when you attempt to scare people from committing crimes because they do not want to be punished for them. This philosophy occurs in one of two forms. A person will not commit a crime because they have learned from the punishment they have already received from committing a crime before. For example, if a person was driving their car at 50 mile an hour, while the speed limit is set for 35mph, that person could very well be pulled over and stopped by the police. Not only will they be given a ticket, but can also have their car towed to the impound lot which will then cost them a minimum of 150 dollars to get out. They will also have to show up at a court date and pay the court cost. This could be enough to teach them to pay attention to the speed they are driving at from now on. Then there is the case when a person might not commit a crime in fear of the punishment that they have seen someone else receives for violating the law....
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...University of Phoenix Veronica Byro, Jamie Davis, Janene Long, Michael Menendez, Jorens Pierre PHI/215 October 12, 2011 Kelley Armitage Jean Paul Sartre Jean-Paul Sartre was a French philosopher, novelist, and playwright in the 20th Century. Jean-Paul’s key concepts that compromised his beliefs were known as the best philosophy back in the 20th Century. Jean-Paul believed in individual rights which led to Political Philosophy. Sartre’s was a Marxist that set his political economic theories. Jean-Paul’s main ideas, was that every human being are subject to their own rights and deserve to be free; this enhanced his theories. However, Sartre’s work and beliefs made him best known as an Atheist; a believer of his own thoughts. Mankind is responsible for his own actions, stated by Sartre. The Existentialism Jean-Paul Sartre, took the label that people placed on him and two other philosophers Heidegger and Albert; existentialists. Sartre was the only one out of the three to take to this label, because he felt as if he would then be allowed to define it; this was a step closer to him reaching his dreams in philosophy. The main key concept that was analyzed by Sartre is that existence proceeds essence, basically meaning that all human beings are defined by their own actions. Humans outcome on life are based on the choices that we make and all humans are completely free. Sartre’s beliefs on ethics also played a role within his key concepts similar to human actions...
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