...Women & Crime Trends in Female Offending June 14, 2013 Women are typically stereotyped as loving, nurturing, and compassionate people. However, throughout recent years, female offending has been on the rise, and the battle for gender equality could have something to do with this. The Uniformed Crime Report (UCR) revealed that female offenders began increasing in the 1980s (Wormer, 2010). The U.S. Department of Justice shows that the number of women committing violent crime has been decreasing over the past two decades, however it is other non-violent crime that is resulting in more women being arrested (Wormer, 2010). While males engage in more delinquent and criminal acts than females do, but statistics have shown a rise in female offending throughout the years (Cauffman, 2008). In 1980, studies showed that males were four times more likely to be arrested than males, while studies in 2008 showed that males were only twice as likely to be arrested than females (Cauffman, 2008). Statistics show that males are typically more violent than females. Due to this statistical trend, most crime research has been based on male offenders. Over a period of ten years, from 1999 to 2009, statistics showed that female offending increased 15-percent (Holmes, 2010). During the ten years that the female offending rate increased 15-percent, the male offending rate remained the same. A study by NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research showed that female offenders are more likely to shoplift...
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...The idea of female delinquency has been long ignored and focused solely on male counterparts as juvenile offenders when statistically, we see a rise in female offenders when the male offenders leveled off. Many criminology theories researched young males and excluded females due to assumptions which has now caused programs for prevention and intervention male based. The primitive years of criminology research was used for male juveniles and discarded females leaving a scarce amount of theories to consider for females. As we see the numbers grow, some speculate on the rise if it is due to behavioral changes or policing shifts. Obviously, we notice a need to consider girl delinquency in the justice system to fully understand and develop policies as well as theories. Without considering females in research, we may see a ripple effect; “heavily impacted women, particularly women of color, might well be visited upon their younger sisters unless a vigorous campaign of education and advocacy is not launched” (P.119)....
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...once said, "If we are to teach real peace in this world, and if we are to carry on a real war against war, we shall have to begin with the children." These words speak the truth about where we need to start, concerning making the world a better and safer place. Crimes are committed each day by juvenile offenders. To get a better understanding of why crimes are simply committed by young people we have to evaluate the trends. Decrease Based on the juvenile arrests there was a decrease the previous years of 3%. Juvenile Crimes also fell 2% in the same year. These trends were gathered from the Uniform Crime Report and do not include the number of juveniles that had any police contact. These are arrests that were cleared by law enforcement. Juvenile crimes are easier to clear because of the evidence that is needed to accuse a person. Adults need probable cause to be detained and charged but juveniles only need preponderance of evidence. Increase Drugs and Assaults Between the years of 1990 and 1997 the amount of Juvenile arrests were drug related rose 145%. This percent declined 28% between 1997 and 2008. The amount of drug arrests rose 78% then the rate in 1990. This can show the rise in the Creation of drug cartels and the mass production of Heroine and Meth. Compared to the peak of Violent Crimes and Assaults, the rates of arrests fell substantially for this type of crime. The rate fell 40% for violent crimes. Between 1980 and 1997, Juveniles arrested for simple assault saw a...
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...the overall decrease in juvenile arrests, the increase in drug offenses and simple assaults, implications for juvenile females and members of ethnic and racial minorities, an increase in juvenile female arrests and a decrease in arrests for juvenile male offenders for violent crimes, as well as what assessment are used to track juvenile arrests in order to measure the amount of juvenile crime as well as its trends. The Overall Decrease in Juvenile Arrests Overall Review Data from 2008 shows that juvenile arrests for violent crime declined between 2006 and 2008. According to Puzzanchera (2009) “In 2008 there were 2.11 million juvenile arrests, which is 16% lower than the arrests in 1999” (p.3). In 2008 juvenile arrests for forcible rape was at an all time low since 1980, aggravated assault arrests were also at its lowest since 1988. However, juvenile arrests for murder were at its low in 2004, but increased from 2005 to 2007. Further, the Property Crime Index decreased by 20%, larceny-theft by 17%, murder by 5%, motor vehicle theft by 50%, and burglary by 14% (Puzzanchera, 2008). Juvenile Arrests and Monitoring Unit Due to an increase in firearm offenses in Fort Myers, Florida, probation officers as well as police officers were forced to monitor juveniles convicted of firearm offenses for prosecutors, judiciary, and probation. “At least fourteen juvenile offenders convicted of firearm offenses are JUVENILE CRIME STATISTICS...
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...Family and Gender CJS/230 Gender and Family CJS/240 Tiffiny West September 8, 2013 Nicole James Today the traditional family of two parents with the father working to provide and the mother at home caring for the children is occurring less often. Women and working more and spending less time with their children whereas men seem to be increasing the time they spend with their children. More children are also living with only one parent rather than two. Siegel & Welsh (2005) states that “as many as 40 percent of White children and 75 percent of African-American children will experience parental separation or divorce before they reach age sixteen…” (p. 157). Changes or disruption in the family unit has the potential to have a lasting effect on children. Primarily, children learn values and attitudes which guide their actions from their family unit. Many experts believe that a broken home can determine a child’s law abiding behavior. Several studies show that children who have been through family breakups are more prone to delinquency and hyperactivity. Blended families, or step-parent families, are occurring more often yet are less stable than biological families. Sociologist Sara McLanahan found that children who live with both biological parents do better than children who are raised without their biological father. These children are less likely to find and keep a job, finish high...
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...children were treated just as adults were. They would receive the same sentences and were placed in the same jail facilities. Now are juvenile system is not perfect, and need more improvements, but with society, and ever changing crimes, the juvenile system is always hard at work, facing the new challenges and seeking improvements. Juveniles that commit crimes are no longer considered criminals, but instead juvenile delinquents. If the child is of a certain age in some states, or the crime is a violent felony, such as rape, or murder, the child can be treated as an adult, making him or her criminal and trialed as an adult in a criminal court of law. The juvenile offender is treated different than an adult offender. The juvenile court system’s main concerns are for the safety, privacy and rehabilitation of the minor offender. The most signifying differences as stated by Attorney LaMance, Ken, “Juveniles are not prosecuted for committing crimes, but rather delinquent acts. When the delinquent acts are very serious, they may be considered crimes and the juvenile may be tried in the adult system. Juveniles don't have a right to a public trial by jury. For a juvenile charged with a crime, the trial portion of the case involves a judge hearing evidence and ruling on whether or not the minor is delinquent. This is called an adjudication hearing. Once the juvenile has been deemed delinquent, the court will determine what action should be taken. This stage differs from the adult system...
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...Female Offenders: is Chivalry Dead? Intro: In the last two decades, there has been a definite shift in the leniency of sentencing female offenders in the criminal justice system. It has been suggested the shift turning to harsher, more severe punishments is due to more female practitioners in the criminal justice system which subsequently reduced the chivalry hypothesis. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the literature and empirical research regarding past and present studies of female offenders, the chivalry hypothesis, the differences in male and female convictions, and to answer the enduring question: Is chivalry dead? While this paper does not incorporate all of the literature available, it does offer a good snap shot of many pertinent studies conducted regarding these topics and the issues pertaining to them. Female Offenders Then and Now Over the years, the empirical evidence supporting the position that women offenders are treated less harshly than their male counterparts has been at best inconsistent. (Burnett, 1994: Coombs, 1995: Denno, 1994: Johnson & Nagel, 1994: Klein & Kress, 2014). The writers of these studies used a variety of theses to explain the leniency. Some suggested women are treated with chivalry and thus given lighter sentences for similar offenses created by men. While others suggested the leniency was due to the majority of females in the court system are first time offenders. In 1994, Kathleen Davy published Gender...
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...Children Sexually Abusing Children Paula Chipman COM/172 August 25, 2014 Charlotte Babb Children Sexually Abusing Children Parents not only have to worry about adult sexual predators, but also have to worry about adolescent social offenders-which is on the rise. The background has a lot to do with how a child turns out. The fact that both male and female juvenile sexual predators exist is horrifying by itself. The sexual behavior that leads to sexual abuse can start as young as six years old (Smith, B. 2007, September 19). The thought crosses the mind of all parents. How do they protect their child? Unless they plan on following their child everywhere they go, they can only teach them and watch for the signs of both child predators and their victims. Everyone has to wonder what could cause one child to abuse another child sexually, and if they even understand the consequences of their actions. What will happen to the juvenile offender, will they get off with therapy, or will they go to prison to pay for their crime? The younger offenders are getting therapy while the older predators are going to juvenile detention centers or even to prison. When a child relapses a second time, the child could be sent to a child detention center, jail, or a mental hospital for the safety of the public. Most people are not exactly sure what child on child sexual abuse consists of. The fact is that child on child sexual abuse is when a younger child is sexually abused by one or more...
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...happen in the United States. The uniform crime report or UCR is compiled by the FBI. The FBI uses information sent from local police departments. Local police departments compile information based on crimes that are committed in their area, and about the individual that was arrested. The UCR are done yearly and compared to other years. This information is used to track the changes and the recurrences in crimes that are committed. The information is used to help police departments deal with crimes that are committed by a specific group of people. Juveniles are often looked at to attempt to lower the crimes committed by juvenile offenders. Using the report can allow the police to track trends in crimes committed by juveniles. By looking at the report every year the police can see the areas that have higher crimes. They can see if there is rise in males or females committing crimes. They can find treads in the changes of crimes committed by a certain race. This report can help them to better understand what changes to make and what is effective. If the police implement a plan to lower the juvenile crime rate, and the report shows that it is consistently working it can be implemented in other areas to lower rates in other areas. According to Puzzanchera (2009) “In 2008, law enforcement agencies in the United States made an estimated 2.11 million arrests of persons younger than age 18” The UCR showed a decline of 3% in overall juvenile arrests from the year 2007 to the year 2008 (Puzzanchera...
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...mental illnesses are not criminals., and the ones that are do not commit not violent crimes. Marzuk says, "In the last decade, the evidence showing a link between violence, crime, and mental illness has mounted. It cannot be dismissed; it should not be ignored." This research found that people with a background of psychiatric hospitalization were more likely to have been found guilty of a criminal offense than persons without a history of psychiatric hospitalization," a finding that was true for both men and women. According to Marzuk, depending on their sex and diagnostic categories, subjects with psychiatric hospitalization histories were three to 11 times more likely to have criminal convictions than those without such histories. Offenders with personality disorders and hospitalization backgrounds were convicted of all types of crimes, and, surprisingly, averaged the same number of convictions as never-hospitalized...
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...Introduction Jones, Brown, Wanamaker, and Greiner (2014), took a different approach to explain the pathway to crime for female juveniles. These researchers saw a gap in the literature where previous works only used female samples. Consequently, female theorist excluded juvenile boys and men from their studies. In this research Jones, et al. (2014) included boys in their research as a control group to quantitatively explain the thematic differences in pathways to crime between boys and girls. Neutral gender research aligns the pathway to crime for girls and boys; however, the research lacks the uniqueness of the pathway for girls. Annotated Bibliography Jones, N., Brown, S., Wanamaker, K., & Greiner, L. (2014). A Quantitative Exploration of...
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...As the cases pour into the funnel and move down the narrow path with a number of crimes committed at different magnitudes less offenders are arrested, charged and imprisoned. The funnel displays that less than 5 percent of criminals are convicted and imprisoned for violent crimes “Long-term studies show that many suspects who are arrested have prior criminal histories” (Bureau Of Justice Statistics, 1997) and those with a greater number of prior arrests were more likely to be arrested again. Which suggest while previously incarcerated, they weren’t reformed to enter back into...
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...fun, making it appear innocuous with no resulting liability on the part of the perpetrator. Some voluntary organisations have suggested that the expression be replaced by a more appropriate term. According to them, considering the semantic roots of the term in Indian English, Eve teasing refers to the temptress nature of Eve, placing responsibility on the woman as a tease. Sexual harassment by strangers, as with any type of harassment has been a notoriously difficult crime to prove, as perpetrators often devise ingenious ways to harass women, even though eve teasing usually occur in public places, streets, and public transport. Some feminist writers claim that this behaviour is a kind of "little rape". Some guidebooks to the region warn female tourists to avoid attracting the attention of these kinds of men by wearing conservative clothing. However, this harassment is reported both by Indian women and by conservatively-dressed foreign women. History The problem first received public and media attention in 1960s. In the following decades, more and more women started pursuing college and working independently, meaning that they were often no longer accompanied by a male escort as had been a norm in traditional society. In response, the problem grew to alarming proportions,...
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...ending problem of juvenile delinquency on the rise in United States, a solution to this problem has never been more important. Many of today’s youth actively and proudly engage in criminal activities, with much of it being spurred on by gang activity. The lack of structure within the lives of adolescents and lack of discipline has created a generation of unlawful, disrespectful delinquents that are difficult to successfully integrate into society. This column reviews three article that take an in depth look at what can cause this scenery to play out for youth and what some of the solutions may be to the problem. The first article examines the connection that has recently been discovered between level of functioning and the recidivism risk for offenders based on that. The second article takes a look into gang life and how the use of drugs within gangs plays a vital role in the ability of youth to successfully integrate into society. The third article reviews the developmental aspect of juvenile delinquency and how serious juvenile offenders are often overlooked in many studies dealing with mental health social disorders. Level of Functioning and Recidivism Shepherd, J. B., Green, K. R., Omobien, E. O., (2009). Level of functioning and recidivism risk among adolescent offenders. Adolescence. 40, 23-32. In this article the author’s main focus is that there should be more attention paid to the level of functioning in adolescent offenders. The idea that delinquent’s affective intervention...
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...or violence. Any person under the age of 18 is considered to be a juvenile. Fbi uniform crime reporting program is the basis of how data crime statistics are reported, tracked, and observed. Based on the data, the FBI prepares its annual Crime in the United States statistical compilation, which summarizes crimes known to the police and arrests made during the reporting calendar year. This information is used to describe the extent and nature of juvenile crime that comes to the attention of the justice system according to (Charles Puzzanchera,2009) (p.1). This report will summarize the juvenile crime statistics for the year of 2008. This report summarizes the overall decrease in juvenile arrests, and will also discuss the rise and fall of arrests in male, females, and minorities. In addition the assessment of tracking juvenile arrests, as a method of measuring the amount of juvenile crime and trends will be discussed. So strap in your seat belt and be prepared for a plethora of shocking discovery. Federal Bureau of investigations monitors four trend offenses reported by law enforcement agencies which are murder, nonnegligent manslaughter, forcible rape, aggravated assault, and robbery. The overall decrease in Juvenile arrests is compared to statistics of the same offence from previous and current years. The arrest rates of an offense can fluctuate over time depending on the offense, the area, the age of the juvenile and how many times a specific crime was committed. In 2008 violent...
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