...During the 1970s, there were social, political, and economic events and issues that challenged Canadians. Throughout the 70s, some of the social issues were racism, gender discrimination, and language rights. A few of the political issues were immigration, refugees seeking asylum in Canada, and the challenge of humanitarianism of Canadians. Economically, Canada faced the most problems here; “oil price shock”, “supply shocks”, stagflation, and inflation. Throughout the 1970s, Canadians were changing Canada’s society to become more equal in the context of racism, gender discrimination, and language rights. Pierre Elliott Trudeau was trying to build Canadian society to a “just” society where it is multicultural and everyone would live in harmony. Throughout the 1970s federal government implanted new social programs and expanded the old ones. In the 1960s women's rights activists demanded the establishment of the Royal Commission on the status of women. In December of 1970 that document included new recommendations such as; providing daycare services for working women, prohibiting gender discrimination bias or marital status, unemployment benefits to working women on maternity leave, and wages established based on skills and responsibility rather than gender. The Women's movement was a defining moment for Canada’s society in the 1970s. Canadian women all agreed on the basic need to improve the situation of women; to fight racism and sexism. Women demanded affirmative action in...
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...Global house prices Downdraft European house prices are finding it harder to defy gravity Mar 31st 2012 | WASHINGTON, DC | from the print edition FROM the late 1990s home prices across the rich world soared relentlessly upward, borne aloft on a gale of cheap capital. In 2006 some overvalued markets began crashing to earth. Until recently, however, the correction seemed remarkably contained. American and Irish home prices plunged, giving up all the gains of the previous decade, but others have fallen far less steeply. Some markets faltered and then stabilised. The latest update of The Economist's global house-price indicators hints that this period of post-crisis calm may be coming to an end. Europe's gravity-defying act has been the most striking. Most of its largest housing markets—Germany is the big exception—boomed in the early 2000s and stumbled during the crisis. But fortunes have diverged since then. Irish prices plunged and continue to sink. House prices in most other markets are still well above “fair value”, which we define as the long-run average of two measures: the price-to-income ratio, a gauge of affordability, and the price-to-rents ratio, an analogue of the price-to-earnings ratio used to judge the equity value of listed firms. Spanish markets are still overvalued by a quarter on these measures, although prices are falling. In Belgium and France, prices are well above fair value and they continue to rise. Such buoyancy can largely be attributed to a combination...
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...(June 2012) No replay of 2011 in the cards for Canadian and US economies Part 1. Summary of the Article First article that I chose is the outlook for advanced economic and financial market particularly US, European union, Canadian and Chinese market that are strongly influence to the world market. Source of the Information and analysis are IMF World Economic outlook and RBC Economic research for year 2012 and forecast for year 2013. This paper includes several economic issues such us economic recession and growth, risk, Labour market and Inflation additionally monetary policies for central banks. Researcher and forecasters compared those issues for different countries and they aim to differentiate and discuss for each of the countries and market situation. Overall, the world economy faces significant challenges in the recent years and is expected to grow by 3.5% this year. Authors stated some significant issues and problems and explained them in detail. For example, paper includes several subtitles about European risk and recession situation, Finding the right policy for Europe, China is in slow growth stage, Canada and US economic situation and factors that impacted in positive and negative ways on the economy, Labour market volatility, Housing market, Households income and debt status, Consumer spending shift, Businesses that are supporting market, Canada’s dollar appreciation, Fed and other central bank policy, US labour market trend and the Fiscal policy. In...
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...trade with China and other similar markets. Market moderation resulted in the reduction of growth in Canadian international trade. Canadian traders needed to find newer grounds and solutions outside the natural reserves. The solution was found in international trade and free trade agreements. CANADIAN TRADING HISTORY Initially, Canada was in no shape to manufacture goods, the natives hunted and bought their needs by supplying fish and furs for trade. This basically established the link between Canada and Europe, and was the initial face of free trade. The connection of Canada and America trade established quite late, but USA became the most significant partner of trade with Canada. After WWII, the face of trading changed for entire world. Canada established strong connections with Japan, and with Pacific Rim Connection the Japanese industrialisation started, international trade with many countries of pacific region. In 1993, Canada signed NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement), with America and Mexico to remove trading hurdles. This agreement was basically devised by Americans, who already had a strong business tie with Mexico, but this also benefited Canada in a great manner. Mexico has a very diverse and big consumer demand, which benefits Canada a lot. Canadian businesses also benefit from the low cost of labour in Mexico. This agreement opened new gates for the Canadian market to south and Central America. With the success of NAFTA, many other nations were interested...
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...ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL MARKET OUTLOOK September 2015 Balancing Act: Pendulum swings toward US economy supporting global growth Global GDP growth Annual % change 8 Forecast 7 Emerging 6 5 4 World 3 Advanced 2 1 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Source: International Monetary Fund, RBC Economics Research The outlook for the global economy was muddied over the summer as the emerging market economies, led by China, weakened. Conversely, in many advanced economies, growth accelerated led by a robust increase in the US, a solid gain in the Euro area and rebound in the UK. Canada’s economy put in another weak performance in the second quarter although the monthly data augur well for a return to positive growth. On balance, the softening in the emerging market economies created downside risk to the world economy being able to maintain the 3.4% growth rate recorded over the prior three years. That said, the forecast was premised on activity in the advanced economies picking up sufficiently to offset a slowing in the emerging market growth and this appears to be playing out. China’s slowdown creates anxiety Market Volatility Index (VIX) Index 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 2013 2014 2015 Increased anxiety about China’s economy and the stability of its financial markets fuelled concerns about global growth and international trade. Reports of weakening domestic demand and export activity elicited...
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...Introduction: To measure the performance of the economy the key indicators include economic growth, inflation unemployment of the country. From these indicators economic growth which is measured by GDP is most important. Policy makers judge the economy by measuring these macroeconomic indicators. The performance of the economy is measured in terms of the achievement of its economic objectives. Policy makers develop fiscal and monetary policy to achieve these long term objectives of the economy. Fiscal Policy Fiscal policy is used to collect revenue for the government in terms of taxes. Main tools of fiscal policy are taxes and government spending. If government make any changes in tax structure and government spending it effect the aggregate demand and level of economic activity in the country. To stabilize the economy on a business cycle fiscal can be used. Fiscal policy is made under the law of a legislature. Making any changes in the fiscal policy tools it effects the level of activity and aggregate demand in the country, it also effect the savings and investment in the economy, and distribution of income. * Expansionary fiscal policy In expansionary fiscal policy government increases spending and decrease taxes. To correct the problem in business cycle transfer payments are increased. Expansionary fiscal policy is used to close the recessionary gap, to decrease unemployment and improve the economic condition during recession. * Restrictive fiscal policy In restrictive...
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...International Trade and Finance ECO/372 July 30, 2012 Alexander Heil International Trade and Finance When the US has a surplus of imports it affects the companies in the US that make the same product. A study sponsored by the solar power industry has concluded that the United States ran a trade surplus of $1.88 billion in solar technologies in 2010, as exports of raw material and factory equipment for the solar sector outpaced imports of finished solar panels. China has a rapid rise in solar panel manufactures, which now represent 58 percent of the world’s solar panel manufacturing. While American solar panel producers are struggling and filing for bankruptcy (Bradsher, K. (2011). The following examples will show a sequence of events to describe the impact of trade on the GDP; US demand for imports increase, this increases US demand for pesos, with increased US demand for pesos they increase the value of the peso. Americans purchasing more imports will cause the GDP and employment to decrease. The change in the exchange rate will correct the situation. When the US exports to Mexico it will reverse the affects and US demand will increase (Infoplease.com (2012). Tariffs are taxes of imported goods; this increases the cost of the good in the domestic market. Domestic producers benefit from tariffs because they receive higher prices for their goods and the government benefits by collecting tax revenues. Less of the good is produced, and consumers pay higher...
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...HW#1 Finance 463 Shapiro 9 Student: ___________________________________________________________________________ 1. Historically, the primary motive for U.S. multinationals to produce abroad has been to A. lower costs B. respond more quickly to the marketplace C. avoid trade barriers D. gain tax benefits 2. The primary objective of the multinational corporation is to A. maximize shareholder wealth B. maximize world production C. minimize debt D. minimize the cost of doing business globally 3. When a firm operates globally it offers advantages such as A. greater political power at home B. bless taxes on its profits C. greater negotiating power with foreign minority groups D. greater negotiating power with labor unions 4. The prime transmitter of global competitive forces is the A. public utility firm B. financial management experience of the U.S. markets C. the multinational corporation D. the Federal Reserve System of the U.S. 5. Which of the following is an example of reverse foreign investment? A. Honda builds a factory in Ohio B. Apple builds a plant in Ireland that exports to the United States C. British Telecom issues new stock in the United States D. American investors buy shares in Sony 6. Which of the following theories identifies specialization as the main reason for international business activity? A. Product life cycle theory of international trade B. theory of diversification C. doctrine of comparative advantage D. theory of globalization ...
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...Country Profiles Forex Traders' Guide to Major Economies Today we're going to take a trip around the world, but it ain't gonna take 80 days. If you're fast enough to keep up, we can probably get around in just 80 seconds! ...Not! In any case, we'll make sure you learn about the nitty-gritty of each major economy and what makes its engine go. For each country that we will be touring, we'll start off with a quick peek at the important facts and figures, followed by an overview of its economy. Once that's out of the way, we'll visit the country's central bank to find out some of their secrets. In this section, we will explore the powerful monetary policy tools central banks employ to control the country's economy. Hopefully, we'll stumble into the room where they keep their printing plates and we can sneak out the back door and sell it on the black market. We're kidding - we're here to teach you how to trade forex the legal way. After that, we'll discuss the important characteristics that differentiate that country's local currency from all the rest, as well as hard-hitting economic indicators for that country. To keep the trip interesting, we'll be dishing some trivia every now and trading tactics that will prove useful later on when you go off on your pip-catching adventure! And as we promised, this very exclusive field trip is covered by your scholarship. No need for travel visas and no need to buy a travel fanny. Although if you're paranoid like Huck, then go...
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...Record: 1 | BlackBerry blues. By: McMAHON, TAMSIN. Maclean's. 6/4/2012, Vol. 125 Issue 21, p32-34. 3p. Abstract: The article discusses the decline of the Canadian technology company Research In Motion (RIM), the creator of the BlackBerry smartphone, as of June 2012. Topics include competition in the global smartphone market, RIM's corporate investments in research and development (R & D), and the failure of the telecommunications equipment manufacturer Nortel. (AN: 76358166) | | | Persistent link to this record (Permalink): | http://ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=76358166&site=ehost-live | | | Cut and Paste: | <a href="http://ezproxy.lib.ucalgary.ca:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=76358166&site=ehost-live">BlackBerry blues.</a> | | | Database: | Business Source Complete | Section: Business TECHNOLOGY The once-mighty RIM is fighting for its life. What that means for a Canadian tech sector still suffering from the loss of Nortel To get a sense of how deeply intertwined the Canadian identity has become with the BlackBerry, this country's most famous modern-day invention, pick up a copy of the study guide issued by the federal government to help new immigrants prepare for their citizenship test. There, among the handful of inventors whose work is so critical to the country's history that their names...
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...monetary system is structured. The Canadian financial system, for instance, is composed of a) a currency; b) a central bank which issues that currency; c) financial deposit-taking and lending institutions such as commercial banks and d) the Canadian Payments Association. The currency used in Canada is the Canadian dollar. It is the means of payment, store of value and unit of account for all transactions conducted within Canada. It is the currency in which all assets and liabilities are measured. As such, exchange rates are not an issue in our domestic transactions. The country’s central bank, is the Bank of Canada. Its role is to issue the currency of the land, the Canadian dollar, to manage the supply of money to ensure that there is neither too much of it that could cause inflation, nor too little that could cause recession and to oversee the financial system, acting as a lender of last resort when the need arises. Commercial banks and other non-bank financial institutions are the main players in the financial system. They engage in the process of financial intermediation, which is the taking of deposits from the private public that has a surplus of money and making loans to the public that has a shortage of money. In addition, commercial banks provide payment services such as chequing accounts, bank drafts, debit cards, credit cards, electronic payments, wire transfers and engage in the purchase and sale of foreign exchange. The Canadian Payments Association (CPA) is the payment...
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...------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4 4. Financial Analysis --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 5. Strategy & Leadership ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 6. Future Outlook--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 7. References-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 10 Company Profile Teck Resources Limited, formerly known as Teck Cominco Limited, was formed in 2001 following the merger of Cominco and Teck Corporation. It is a Canadian based integrated mining, mineral processing and metallurgical company. Seven years ago in 2001(1) when the Teck Cominco merger was completed, two strong Canadian companies with a tradition of excellence in mining and metal refining were brought together. In October of 2008 (1), the management of the company announced the launch of a simplified brand name, Teck, and the formation of five business units specializing in copper, metallurgical coal, zinc, gold and energy. The company has expertise across the full range of activities related to mining, including exploration, development, smelting, refining, safety, environmental protection, product stewardship, recycling and research. Presently they are actively exploring in countries throughout the Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe and Africa. The company’s product portfolio...
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...the concept of universal health care one system can be described by aspects of Canada and another system can be described from modeling the current U.S system. The current President and his administration will deal with the daunting task of creating a universal health care plan and making health care affordable for the average American. In their quest to create a universal health care plan they may look towards our friends north of the border. Canada has implemented a Universal health care plan that has been running for several years, abet its health care system is not perfect; it is important for the United states listen to its neighbors and research the possible downfalls. This research paper will discuss the possibility of using the Canadian Health care system as model to improve universal health care in the United States. Many ask how Canada Manage to offer such a comprehensive health care system does. The answer to this question isimply put is money. Health care in Canada is funded by publically funded health care system. The Canada Health care act created five provisions that each provinces and territories would have to meet in order to retain federal monies. These provisions included: • Public Administration: All administration of provincial health insurance must be carried out by a public authority on a non-profit basis. They also must be accountable to the province or territory, and their records and accounts are subject to audits. • Comprehensiveness: All necessary...
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... the American health care system can best be described as a patchwork of public and private programs (such as employer-based coverage). A mixture of public programs and private programs is common among nations that essentially cover all residents, but the American system is unique — and often uniquely inefficient in economic terms. Keywords Accessibility; Adverse Selection; HMO (Health Maintenance Organization); Medicaid; Medicare; Medicare Modernization Act of 2003 (Part D); Managed Care; "Play or Pay" State Health Care Tax Policies; Rationing Health Care; Single-Payer Health Care System; CHIP (Children’s Health Insurance Program); Socialized Medicine; Two-Tiered Health Care System; VA (United States Department of Veterans Affairs) The US Health Care System Social Issues Overview Health Care Systems The medical business defies the normal laws of economics in at least three important ways: * Government-run programs are often cheaper, more administratively efficient, and even of superior quality than privately-run programs at the national level. * Medical insurance functions poorly by market principles unless potential policy holders most in need of health insurance are either denied coverage or are denied the right to redeem policies — both of which result in high administrative costs;. * Improved medical technology results in higher rather than lower operating costs — unlike the corresponding relationship in most other businesses. Other factors in the inefficiency...
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...cc * Week 2 * Rationally, you should compare marginal benefit with marginal costs Do (all) individuals make rational decisions all of the time? * NO (Economies is a study of how rational individuals make decisions) Examples: * Many restaurants do stay open for lunch, although there are relatively few customers * Number of motor vehicle accidents does go up subsequent to introduction to seatbelt legislation Agenda Key Concept: Comparative Advantage Production Possibilities Frontier Constant opportunity cost Increasing opportunity cost Comparative advantage and the gains from trade The production possibilities frontier and the gains from trade * Specialization: * Individuals: Produce one (or few) goods BUT purchase many goods * Countries: Import and Export many Goods Trade/Exchange * What is the source of the gains from trade/exchange? * Comparative Advantage * Productions possibilities frontier: * Constant opportunity Cost * Scarcity * Trade-Off * Opportunity Cost * Switch from ALL gumdrops to ALL chocolates * Chocolate=2gumdrops * One gumdrop=one chocolate * Note: straight line (linear) PPF implies that these opportunity costs for not change along the PPF * For an example of a production possibilities frontier that is not linear, see Mankiw, Chapter 2, pages 26-28 Comparative Advantage and the gains from trade * An individual (or country) has an comparative...
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