...Background & Introduction As both soldiers and focus flowed back into the United States following World War II, the country enjoyed a major economic revolution founded upon a fundamental “basic bargain” (Reich 144) that ensured pay in proportion to productivity, the basis for a stakeholder economic system. While a combination of strong labor unions, antitrust laws, and lack of strong foreign competition kept corporate management true to this silent agreement through the 1960s, by the 1970s the stakeholder system started to show noticeable signs of erosion and weakening. Foreign markets seemed to perfectly time their revival with the dying breaths of big government and big labor in the United States, triggering an enormous shift in corporate...
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...Zipcar is a self-service car company that was founded in 1999. It has operations in the New York City metro area, Boston and Washington, D.C. The company boasts more than 10,000 members and 250 cars. The company represents a great opportunity and fills a real need between rental car service and taxi service. Zipcar’s target market is focused on dense urban residential areas, where millions of people that do not own a car, as they are put off by congested, accident-prone infrastructure, sky-high parking fees, vandalism, high maintenance costs, and other nuisances. On top of that, the average urban car sits parked 20 to 23 hours a day; many are idle from weekend to weekend. Zipcar is a new commercial car-sharing venture that provides convenient on demand means of transportation. Founded in late 1999, Zipcar’s vision and business model have little changed. Providing reliable and convenient access to on-demand transportation, complementing other means of mobility.” Zipcar manages a fleet of cars, at the disposal of its members any time for as brief as one hour. The basis for its business model is a car-sharing model where Zipcar mem Internet Essay .... The DoD wanted to create a computer network that would continue to function in the event of a disaster, such as a nuclear war. If .... (308 1 ) B Essay .... To keep track of our customers I wrote a program in C++ to store their information...
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...CHAPTER 1 SUGGESTED ANSWERS TO CHAPTER 1 QUESTIONS 1.a. What are the various categories of multinational firms? ANSWER. Raw materials seekers, market seekers, and cost minimizers. b. What is the motivation for international expansion of firms within each category? ANSWER. The raw materials seekers go abroad to exploit the raw materials that can be found there. It just happens that nature didn't place all natural resources domestically. Market seekers go overseas to produce and sell in foreign markets. The cost minimizers invest in lower-cost production sites overseas in order to remain cost competitive both at home and abroad. In all cases, the firms involved recognize that the world is larger than the home country and provides opportunities to gain additional supplies, sell more products or find lower cost sources of production. 2.a. How does foreign competition limit the prices that domestic companies can charge and the wages and benefits that workers can demand? ANSWER. As domestic producers raise their prices, customers begin substituting less expensive goods and services supplied by foreign producers. The likelihood of losing sales limits the prices that domestic firms can charge. Foreign competition also acts to limit the wages and benefits that workers can demand. If workers demand more money, firms have two choices. Acquiesce in these demands or fight them. Absent foreign competition, the cost of acquiescence is relatively low, particularly if the industry is unionized...
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...ARTICLE # 5 BRIEF Title and Author Manufacturing the Future By: Mark Levinson No. of Pages 7 Type of article: Summary: Introduction • The author is arguing the fact that manufacturing is the new future and that through reindustrialization we can really improve business wise and recovery from the huge loss the last few years. He explains what happened to manufacturing and why people are not responding the way they are supposed to with it, he talks about the difference between manufacture decline and agricultural decline, and he also talks about what is going on with manufacturing output. Background on Manufacturing. • 4 and a half years after the recession and the financial crisis there was about 23 million workers that could not get a full time job in the U.S. That was a hug problem because that is how America lost lots of its money. • The U.S was really in need of a restoration towards a badly damaged manufacturing sector. There were some economists that came up with the idea to support manufacturing through an industrial policy, and through this policy it simply was saying that whatever advantage we give you have to make it work. This meant that the government could possibly control the direction that the economy was going in. • When it came to the democratic economists they did not like that idea and they believed that it would not work. One of their names were Larry Summer and he stated that “Government is...
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...HW#1 FIN 525 International Financial Management Fall/2014 Please read and summarize the two articles attached below: 1) Why Some Countries and Cities Are So Much More Expensive Than Others 2) Are US Multinationals Abandoning America? Write a 1-2 page summary for each. It’s due in one week. Please bring a hardcopy to class. Why Some Countries and Cities Are So Much More Expensive Than Others By Derek Thompson The Atlantic Magazine Our special report on the world of prices wouldn't be complete without asking, and trying to answer, a big, and surprisingly complex, question: How do pricey countries get that way? [pic] Reuters ChinaZenaide Muneton is a nanny in New York City. Last year, she made more than $200,000, Planet Money reports. Yes, with five zeros. How in the world can Manhattan nannies be worth $200,000 a year? One answer is that they're more talented than your typical babysitter. The highest-paid nannies can cook four-course macrobiotic meals and know their way around a Zamboni (those are actual examples of nanny skills). But the number-one reason why nannies in Manhattan can get paid $200,000 is very simple. Rich families can afford it. And in the market for locally-delivered services, like caring for a child, prices rise as high as the clientele can afford to pay. What $200,000 nannies have to do with the price of tea in Six-figure nannies don't rule the world, but they help explain the world of prices. On a global scale, the price of locally-delivered...
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...Communications of the Association for Information Systems Volume 17 Article 8 2-23-2006 Using the Balanced Scorecard to Achieve Sustained IT-Business Alignment: A Case Study Qing Hu Florida Atlantic University, qhu@fau C. Derrick Huang Florida Atlantic University, dhuang@fau Follow this and additional works at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais Recommended Citation Hu, Qing and Huang, C. Derrick (2006) "Using the Balanced Scorecard to Achieve Sustained IT-Business Alignment: A Case Study," Communications of the Association for Information Systems: Vol. 17, Article 8. Available at: http://aisel.aisnet.org/cais/vol17/iss1/8 This material is brought to you by the Journals at AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). It has been accepted for inclusion in Communications of the Association for Information Systems by an authorized administrator of AIS Electronic Library (AISeL). For more information, please contact elibrary@aisnet.org. Communications of the Association for Information Systems (Volume 17 2006) 181- 204 181 USING THE BALANCED SCORECARD TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINED IT-BUSINESS ALIGNMENT: A CASE STUDY Qing Hu C. Derrick Huang Department of Information Technology & Operations Management Florida Atlantic University qhu@fau.edu ABSTRACT High levels of investments in IT and related products and services by firms over the last several decades produced only mixed results. Research shows that one of the most significant determinants of successful IT investments...
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...Published by the Ecological Society of America Issues in Ecology Number 4, Fall 1999 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Maintaining Natural Life Support Processes Issues in Ecology Number 4 Fall 1999 Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning: Maintaining Natural Life Support Processes by Shahid Naeem, Chair, F.S. Chapin III, Robert Costanza, Paul R. Ehrlich, Frank B. Golley, David U. Hooper, J.H. Lawton, Robert V. ONeill, Harold A. Mooney, Osvaldo E. Sala, Amy J. Symstad, and David Tilman Critical processes at the ecosystem level influence plant productivity, soil fertility, water quality, atmospheric chemistry, and many other local and global environmental conditions that ultimately affect human welfare. These ecosystem processes are controlled by both the diversity and identity of the plant, animal, and microbial species living within a community. Human modifications to the living community in an ecosystem as well as to the collective biodiversity of the earth can therefore alter ecological functions and life support services that are vital to the well-being of human societies. Substantial changes have already occurred, especially local and global losses of biodiversity. The primary cause has been widespread human transformation of once highly diverse natural ecosystems into relatively species-poor managed ecosystems. Recent studies suggest that such reductions in biodiversity can alter both the magnitude and the stability of ecosystem processes...
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...C O N C E P T U A L I Z AT I O N AND LEARNINGS Entrepreneurship and Innovation: How Leadership Style Makes the Difference ? Satyabir Bhattacharyya A n entrepreneur is often defined as one who starts his own, new, and small business. But, not every new small business is entrepreneurial or represents entrepreneurship. For instance, the husband-and-wife team which opens another Mexican restaurant in the American suburb surely takes a risk. But, are they entrepreneurs? What they do has been done many times before. They gamble on the increasing popularity of eating out in their area but create neither a new concept of customer satisfaction nor a new consumer demand. Seen under this perspective, they are surely not entrepreneurs even though theirs is a new venture. WHAT IS ENTREPRENEURSHIP? The setting up of McDonald’s, however, was entrepreneurship. McDonald’s did not invent anything new; its final product was what any decent American restaurant had produced years ago. But, by applying management concepts and techniques (for instance, by asking what is ‘value’ to the customer), standardizing the ‘product’ across all locations and countries, designing processes and tools, and streamlining training on the analysis of the work to be done and then setting the standards it required, McDonald’s both drastically upgraded the yield from resources and created a new market and a new customer base. This is entrepreneurship. Equally entrepreneurial was the growing foundry started...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Chapter 1 emphasizes the internationalization of business and economic activity that has occurred since the end of World War II. Although international business activities have existed for centuries, primarily in the form of exporting and importing, it is only in the postwar period that multinational firms have become preeminent. The distinguishing characteristic of the MNC is its emphasis on global, rather than affiliate, performance. Specifically, MNCs ask, "Where in the world should we build our plants, sell our products, raise capital, and hire personnel?" Thus the true multinational is characterized more by attitude than the physical reality of an integrated system of marketing and production activities worldwide. It involves looking beyond the boundaries of the home country, and treating the world as "our oyster." Good examples include the globalization of GE's medical systems division and Arco Chemical. After stimulating student interest with this vision of the MNC, I then introduce the financial decisions that multinationals must make. I begin by discussing the key concepts and lessons from domestic finance that apply directly to international corporate finance. The lessons include the emphasis on cash flow rather than accounting earnings, the time value of money, the importance of taxes, and the unwillingness of investors to reward companies for activities (like corporate diversification) which investors could replicate for themselves at...
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...Fahy, Smithee / Strategic Marketing and the Resource Based View of the Firm Strategic Marketing and the Resource Based View of the Firm John Fahy University of Limerick Alan Smithee Alloa Metropolitian University John Fahy is Professor of Marketing, Dept. of Management & Marketing, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland 353-61-213126 (office), 353-61-338171 (fax) John.Fahy@ul.ie. Alan Smithee is Senior Lecturer in Marketing, Alloa Metropolitian University, Alloa, Scotland. Please address all correspondence to the first author. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The resource-based view of the firm (RBV) is one of the latest strategic management concepts to be enthusiastically embraced by marketing scholars. This paper argues that the RBV holds much promise as a framework for understanding strategic marketing issues but cautions that, before it is adopted, it needs to be fully understood. Consequently, the paper charts the development of the RBV from its origins in early economic models of imperfect competition, through the work of evolutionary economists to the contributions of strategy and marketing scholars over the past two decades. This broad literature base has given rise to a great deal of ambiguity, inconsistent use of nomenclature and several overlapping classification schema. The paper seeks to draw together common themes of firm heterogeneity, barriers to duplication, sustainable competitive advantage and Ricardian rents within an overall model of resource-based competitive...
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...Public Relations Journal Vol. 2, No. 2, Spring 2008 © 2008 Public Relations Society of America How Blogs and Social Media are Changing Public Relations and the Way it is Practiced Donald K. Wright & Michelle D. Hinson1 This article reports on a three-year-long international survey of public relations practitioners examining the impact blogs and other social media are having on public relations practice. Findings show these new media are dramatically changing public relations. Results indicate blogs and social media have enhanced what happens in public relations and that social media and traditional mainstream media complement each other. The study also finds the emergence of blogs and social media have changed the way their organizations communicate, especially to external audiences. Findings suggest social media complement traditional news media, and that blogs and social media influence coverage in traditional news media. The study reports blogs and social media have made communications more instantaneous by encouraging organizations to respond more quickly to criticism. Introduction David Meerman Scott (2008), an online thought leadership and viral marketing strategist, says, “one of the coolest things about the Web is that when an idea takes off it can propel a brand or a company to seemingly instant fame and fortune” (p. 8). Scott also points out that although communicating via the Web usually is free – as opposed to purchasing space through traditional...
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...Dissertation Draft “Work/Life Balance” PREPARED BY: Mbogo .W.A (Moi) © 2011 Abstract This study is used to determine the cultural readiness of employers and employees for work/life initiatives. There are strategies that have been used to evaluate the importance of work life balance and culture through considering the perceived managerial support that affects the employee’s decision to devote time for family and the job. It has been observed that organizational time puts a lot of emphasis through time demands and expectations that may distort or interfere with family responsibilities. In this study, the main focus is to identify how work life balance and family benefits are merged and translated to the benefits that workers get that are translated to greater commitments, reduced work/family conflicts, and reduced intention to leave. The study results will be used to confirm the issue of work life initiatives, such as the work/family culture that is related to work attitudes as well as perceived managerial supports that are linked with less intention to move away from work places. Furthermore, this research will study the work/life balance and its implications on both for men and women, focusing on the differences in marital status and managerial positions to understand the relationship between gender, managerial level and work/life balance. The paper aims at exploring the idea of work/life balance that incorporates the benefits that both employers and employees...
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...Survey of the Theories of GLOBALIZATION by Wendy M. Jeffus Southern New Hampshire University TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION II. Internationalization versus Globalization Multinational Enterprises Exporting Licensing/Franchising Strategic Alliances Joint Ventures Wholly-Owned Subsidiary Emerging Economies Developed Economies Universalizers versus Particularists World-systems Diversity of Cultures Global Mindset III. HYPERGLOBALIZATION Conflicting Goals Environmental Consequences Social Consequences Extended Product Responsibility Subsidies and Preferential Treatment of the Corporation Lack of Accountability Misaligned Incentives Short-term Profits Money versus Spirituality Borderless Economy Liberalization Conflicting Goals Misaligned Incentives Short-term Solutions versus Long-Term Growth Protection of Natural Resources Lies, Damn Lies, & Statistics Standardization versus Adaptation Regional Focus New Paradigm IV. GLOBALIZATION AND STRATEGY Global versus Multidomestic Strategies Service Industry Common Global Misunderstandings Developing and Implementing a Global Strategy Organizational Culture V. GLOBALIZATION AND PUBLIC POLICY Approaches to Economic Organization Historical Review ...
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...Introduction “Police history” predates the evolution of the “police” as a permanent occupational group within a bureaucratic institution, providing the primary state response to crime and disorder. That was primarily a development of the 19th century and a reaction to the rapid social change of the industrial revolution and rapid urbanization. Prior to 1800, governments maintained order by a variety of means, local and national. One of the key historical debates concerns the effectiveness of these approaches and the degree of continuity between the premodern and modern police models. Around 1800 a small number of distinctively different types of police institution emerged. The French, under Napoleon, instituted the Gendarmerie, a state military police model. It evolved from the “Marechaussee,” which had had a dual military and civil function since the 16th century. The model was exported across Europe by Napoleon. The British developed two models. The first, set up to answer similar challenges to the Gendarmerie in France, was the Royal Irish Constabulary model. It was close to the state military model, but distinctively styled as part of the civil power of the state and subordinated to the Magistracy. The Irish model was subsequently exported to Britain’s colonies and became the basis of forces such as the Indian Police Service. The Metropolitan Police was consciously created as a local force with a uniform that was deliberately different from the military and a mission that...
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...Coercive Diplomacy: Otto von Bismarck and the Unification of Germany by Lieutenant Colonel Kenneth R. Kassner United States Marine Corps United States Army War College Class of 2012 DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT: A Approved for Public Release Distribution is Unlimited This manuscript is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Master of Strategic Studies Degree. The views expressed in this student academic research paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. The U.S. Army War College is accredited by the Commission on Higher Education of the Middle States Association of Colleges and Schools, 3624 Market Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, (215) 662-5606. The Commission on Higher Education is an institutional accrediting agency recognized by the U.S. Secretary of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation. Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information...
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