...Knowing that many innocent people are convicted or even sentenced to death for crimes they did not commit shows that as a society we have to fix a broken legal system. If not, we all are vulnerable to be wrongfully identified as a criminal. There are many reasons why eyewitness identification are dangerous. First of all, memory is not accurate. Second, memory can be altered by other environmental factors and contaminated by new memories. And last but not least they have a tremendous power on the outcome of a trial. Some of the steps that the legal system can take to fix the problem are: to accept the fact that there is a problem, get informed and make changes to fix this problem that is affecting the life of many innocent victims. In North Carolina, Ronald Cotton was convicted for one count of rape and two more for burglary and sentenced to life and 54 years in the year of 1987. He was Identified by Jennifer Thomson as the man who entered her apartment, searched through her belongings, cut the phone cables, sexually assaulted her , fled away, and raped another women half a mile away. During the assault Jennifer try to study the face of her aggressor, in her mind, she was 100% sure of how the assailant would look like if she just had him in front of her. She worked with a detective to create a composite sketch and a few days later, she was informed they had a suspect. Her accuracy to identify the picture of her aggressor was low at choosing one picture out of five , she...
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...Shelton Harris PSY-150-01 Picking Cotton by Jennifer Thompson-Cannino and Ronald Cotton With Erin Torneo St. Martin’s Press, 2009 Picking Cotton was an extremely well read. I also enjoyed the fact that it took place in North Carolina, particularly Burlington. The books other settings include various prisons in the North Carolina/Tennessee areas. The main idea of the book is based off of the events that happened around 3:00 a.m., one hot Sunday morning in July of 1984. Jennifer Thompson-Cannino (then just Jennifer Thompson), a Caucasian college student in the area, was awakened by an African-American in her apartment, and eventually taunted and raped. Although one might say that Jennifer is the main focus of the book, another might say the main focus is on another individual: Ronald Cotton; the man accused of the crimes against Jennifer Thompson and eventually another woman, by the name of Mary Reynolds, who, in my opinion, holds a generally insignificant role in the book. Jennifer Thompson was fairly short and blonde haired, I believe I read that she was nineteen at the time. She seemed like any other normal college female, it didn’t seem as though she was one to stand out in a crowd, her personality seemed polite, and she had “normal” relationships with friends, family and her boyfriend at the time: Paul, who was from Burlington, but was enrolled in school in Chapel Hill. She did some partying, occasionally, and dabbled in illegal drugs. However, in my opinion...
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...Picking Cotton In the past decade, eyewitness testimonies have cast a shadow on what is wrong with the justice system in today’s society. Before we had the advanced technology, we have today, eyewitness testimonies were solid cold-hard facts when it came to proving the defendant was guilty. However, time has changed and eyewitness testimonies have proven to be the leading causes of wrongful convictions due to misidentification. The Thompson and Cotton case is a perfect example of how eyewitness testimonies can put an innocent man behind bars. Jennifer Thompson was your average young independent adult trying to earn a degree at Elon College in Burlington, North Carolina. She had a boyfriend, Paul, who commuted from Burlington to Chapel Hill, where he was a first year business student at University of North Carolina. Only being twenty-two years, she had her life ahead of her until one late July night in 1984. Jennifer Thompson was sleeping alone in her apartment, when she suddenly woke up by a strange noise that turned out to be a stranger breaking into her apartment. The intruder held her a knife to her throat and proceeded to rape her. With no chance of escaping the attacker, she did the only thing she thought she could do and that was to analyze the intruder’s physical characteristics and facial features to her best ability so authorities could catch the perpetrator. Jennifer outwits the attacker and lives to tell about the night she can never forget. When Jennifer was able...
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...suspects. Mrs. Cannino was trying to pick out the man who burglarized her home and sexual assaulted her. She was shown five black similar looking males. After a few minutes she picked number #5, a man name Ronald Cotton. When asked was she sure he was the guy, her response was,”I think this is the guy”. Due to her eyewitness testimony, Mr. Cotton was tried, convicted and sentenced to life plus 54 years. This would have seemed like an open and shut case, except for the fact that Mrs. Cannino picked the wrong man. (www.slate.com). So in a case like this what happened? How could she pick the wrong man? Did she feel pressure to pick someone? Were the police under pressure to arrest someone? Did Mrs. Cannino actually see the rapist face? All these questions have convinced me that eyewitness testimony may be not reliable. In the event of a trauma, a person’s mental state has been comprised. Fear, adrenaline, and survival kicks in. A person must use their senses, skills, and wit to help themselves out of a sticky situation especially if it involves another person as a threat. With that being said, it is safe to rely 100% on a person memory? We have to take into consideration the level of the crime and persons involved, and how well people can recall minor to major details. Mr. Cotton is not the only person to be wrongly convicted by eyewitness testimony; Kirk Bloodsworth was convicted of rape and murder of a nine year old. He was put to death by the gas chamber. Unfortunately after Mr...
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...and usually base their decision on the eyewitness’s testimony and evidence. They sometimes rely too much on them which cause problems in the legal system. This issue and problem has occurred on numerous occasions and had led to many wrongful convictions. In the Greene book, it states that errors can occur at the moment the crime is committed at any of the three phases of the memory process: encoding, storage, and retrieval. Also, questioning and new experiences can alter what is remembered from the past. It is good ideas to have psychologists testify as expert witnesses so they can point out the problems in eyewitness testimony and to be able to question their memory. In the Ronald Cotton case, he was charged with rape and burglary and sentenced to life in prison plus 54 years. When the case was sent to appeals, his sentence was overturned because one of the victims picked out a different man in the lineup and none of the DNA matched Cotton. A man who was convicted of similar crimes admitted to the crimes that were associated with Cotton. This just shows eyewitness misidentification and how innocent people can remain in prison for several years for a crime committed for by someone else. These two articles integrate because eyewitnesses are not always correct and they claim they are positive about certain information when they are truly not. Eyewitnesses confuse people with other people and sometimes confuse faces. The judge, jurors, and legal system should make sure the eyewitnesses...
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...Jennifer Thompson should have been the perfect eyewitness, unfortunately, there were a couple of faulty system variables at play which leads to falsely identifying Ronald Cotton as her rapist and subsequently leading to his wrongful conviction. While the way a witness views a crime cannot be controlled, there are measures that can be taken to improve system variables. System variables are variables in which the legal system has control over (Costanzo & Krauss, 2015, p. 144). For example, the way the investigative interview is conducted can be improved and suggestive and/or leading comments can be reduced. Another element to take into consideration when an eyewitness is identifying the culprit is witness confidence. Furthermore, the way lineups...
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...committed this crime and in the American legal system, the prosecution has the burden of proof to which prove the defendant committed a crime. The evidence collected in the Simpson case was sufficient for prima facie case to be presented to a Grand Jury for indictment. In other words, prima facie, or first look at the evidence was enough to prove that Simpson was involved in the murder of Nicole Simpson and Ron Goldman. From the beginning the Simpson case had many different undertones, such as political in regards to jury selection, which is why the prosecution choose to pursue the case in Los Angeles as oppose to Santa Monica. This became a pivotal decision that would probably affect many future cases where race could be involved. The list of evidence such as 911 calls to police by the victim Nicole Simpson six months before occurrence of actual crime is in a way, testimony to the fact that Simpson’s behavior was not civilized and that Nicole Simpson was feeling threatened. The “trace evidence” found at the crime scene near the body of the victims, such as bloody shoe prints, which were from a size 12 Bruno Magli shoe, and the blood from the gate, matched genetically with Simpson. Police also noticed a cut on Simpson’s left middle finger that could have dripped blood, proved significant to confirm the presence of Simpson on the crime scene. Police provided important evidence of presence of Simpson at the crime scene by stating that the blood dripped on the crime scene with...
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...VOLUME EDITOR S. WALLER is an Associate Professor of Philosophy at Montana State University Bozeman. Her areas of research are philosophy of neurology, philosophy of cognitive ethology (especially dolphins, wolves, and coyotes), and philosophy of mind, specifically the parts of the mind we disavow. SERIES EDITOR FRITZ ALLHOFF is an Assistant Professor in the Philosophy Department at Western Michigan University, as well as a Senior Research Fellow at the Australian National University’s Centre for Applied Philosophy and Public Ethics. In addition to editing the Philosophy for Everyone series, Allhoff is the volume editor or co-editor for several titles, including Wine & Philosophy (Wiley-Blackwell, 2007), Whiskey & Philosophy (with Marcus P. Adams, Wiley, 2009), and Food & Philosophy (with Dave Monroe,Wiley-Blackwell, 2007). P H I L O S O P H Y F O R E V E RYO N E Series editor: Fritz Allhoff Not so much a subject matter, philosophy is a way of thinking.Thinking not just about the Big Questions, but about little ones too.This series invites everyone to ponder things they care about, big or small, significant, serious … or just curious. Running & Philosophy: A Marathon for the Mind Edited by Michael W. Austin Wine & Philosophy: A Symposium on Thinking and Drinking Edited by Fritz Allhoff Food & Philosophy: Eat,Think and Be Merry Edited by Fritz Allhoff and Dave Monroe Beer & Philosophy: The Unexamined Beer Isn’t Worth Drinking Edited by Steven D. Hales Whiskey & Philosophy:...
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...1&*" 1, / &0" 1%" / 1A> />:E HKIHK:M> 0HLIHGLB;BEBMR />IHKM ?HK MA> %>KLA>R HFI:GR TIME TO RAISE THE BAR: The Real Corporate Social Responsibility for the Hershey Company September 2010 Prepared by WWW.GLOBALEXCHANGE.ORG WWW.GREENAMERICATODAY.ORG WWW.LABORRIGHTS.ORG WWW.OASISUSA.ORG. 2 September 2010 1:;E> H? HGM>GML Executive Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Areas for Improvement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 Desired Outcomes for a Fair Hershey’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 Problems at the Source. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Lack of Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Lack of Certification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Commitment to Ethical Cocoa Sourcing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 Certification Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 Other Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Job Losses and Worker Rights Abuses in the US . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Desired Outcomes for a Fair Hershey’s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 Appendices A. Breaking the...
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...GMO MYTHS AND TRUTHS An evidence-based examination of the claims made for the safety and efficacy of genetically modified crops Michael Antoniou Claire Robinson John Fagan June 2012 GMO Myths and Truths An evidence-based examination of the claims made for the safety and efficacy of genetically modified crops Version 1.3 by Michael Antoniou Claire Robinson John Fagan © Earth Open Source www.earthopensource.org 2nd Floor 145–157, St John Street, London EC1V 4PY, United Kingdom Contact email: claire.robinson@earthopensource.org June 2012 Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this paper, or otherwise published by EOS, are those of the authors and do not represent the official policy, position, or views of other organizations, universities, companies, or corporations that the authors may be affiliated with. GMO Myths and Truths 2 About the authors Michael Antoniou, PhD is reader in molecular genetics and head, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s Cols: lege London School of Medicine, London, UK. He has 28 years’ experience in the use of genetic engineering technology investigating gene organisation and control, with over 40 peer reviewed publications of original work, and holds inventor status on a number of gene expression biotechnology patents. Dr Antoniou has a large network of collaborators in industry and academia who are making use of his discoveries in gene control mechanisms for the production of research, diagnostic and therapeutic products...
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...GLOBALIZATION THE ESSENTIALS GEORGE RITZER A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication Globalization Globalization A Basic Text George Ritzer This balanced introduction draws on academic and popular sources to examine the major issues and events in the history of globalization. Globalization: A Basic Text is a substantial introductory textbook, designed to work either on its own or alongside Readings in Globalization. The books are cross-referenced and are both structured around the core concepts of globalization. 2009 • 608 pages • 978-1-4051-3271-8 • paperback www.wiley.com/go/globalization Readings in Globalization Key Readings and Major Debates Edited by George Ritzer and Zeynep Atalay This unique and engaging anthology introduces students to the major concepts of globalization within the context of the key debates and disputes. Readings in Globalization illustrates that major debates in the field are not only useful to examine for their own merit but can extend our knowledge of globalization. The volume explores both the political economy of globalization and the relationship of culture to globalization. The volume is designed so it may be used independently, or alongside George Ritzer’s Globalization: A Basic Text for a complete student resource. 2010 • 560 pages • 978-1-4051-3273-2 • paperback Order together and save! Quote ISBN 978-1-4443-2371-9 GLOBALIZATION THE ESSENTIALS GEORGE RITZER A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first...
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...OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY OUTLINE OF OUTLINE OF U.S. HISTORY C O N T E N T S CHAPTER 1 Early America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 CHAPTER 2 The Colonial Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 CHAPTER 3 The Road to Independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 CHAPTER 4 The Formation of a National Government . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 CHAPTER 5 Westward Expansion and Regional Differences . . . . . . . 110 CHAPTER 6 Sectional Conflict . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 CHAPTER 7 The Civil War and Reconstruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 CHAPTER 8 Growth and Transformation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 CHAPTER 9 Discontent and Reform . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188 CHAPTER 10 War, Prosperity, and Depression . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 CHAPTER 11 The New Deal and World War I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 CHAPTER 12 Postwar America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 CHAPTER 13 Decades of Change: 1960-1980 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 CHAPTER 14 The New Conservatism and a New World Order . . . . . . 304 CHAPTER 15 Bridge to the 21st Century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 PICTURE PROFILES Becoming a Nation . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Bloodlines of Illuminati by: Fritz Springmeier, 1995 Introduction: I am pleased & honored to present this book to those in the world who love the truth. This is a book for lovers of the Truth. This is a book for those who are already familiar with my past writings. An Illuminati Grand Master once said that the world is a stage and we are all actors. Of course this was not an original thought, but it certainly is a way of describing the Illuminati view of how the world works. The people of the world are an audience to which the Illuminati entertain with propaganda. Just one of the thousands of recent examples of this type of acting done for the public was President Bill Clinton’s 1995 State of the Union address. The speech was designed to push all of the warm fuzzy buttons of his listening audience that he could. All the green lights for acceptance were systematically pushed by the President’s speech with the help of a controlled congressional audience. The truth on the other hand doesn’t always tickle the ear and warm the ego of its listeners. The light of truth in this book will be too bright for some people who will want to return to the safe comfort of their darkness. I am not a conspiracy theorist. I deal with real facts, not theory. Some of the people I write about, I have met. Some of the people I expose are alive and very dangerous. The darkness has never liked the light. Yet, many of the secrets of the Illuminati are locked up tightly simply because secrecy is a way...
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...In Cold Blood Truman Capote I. The Last to See Them Alive The village of Holcomb stands on the high wheat plains of western Kansas, a lonesome area that other Kansans call "out there." Some seventy miles east of the Colorado border, the countryside, with its hard blue skies and desert-clear air, has an atmosphere that is rather more Far West than Middle West. The local accent is barbed with a prairie twang, a ranch-hand nasalness, and the men, many of them, wear narrow frontier trousers, Stetsons, and high-heeled boots with pointed toes. The land is flat, and the views are awesomely extensive; horses, herds of cattle, a white cluster of grain elevators rising as gracefully as Greek temples are visible long before a traveler reaches them. Holcomb, too, can be seen from great distances. Not that there's much to see simply an aimless congregation of buildings divided in the center by the main-line tracks of the Santa Fe Rail-road, a haphazard hamlet bounded on the south by a brown stretch of the Arkansas (pronounced "Ar-kan-sas") River, on the north by a highway, Route 50, and on the east and west by prairie lands and wheat fields. After rain, or when snowfalls thaw, the streets, unnamed, unshaded, unpaved, turn from the thickest dust into the direst mud. At one end of the town stands a stark old stucco structure, the roof of which supports an electric sign - dance - but the dancing has ceased and the advertisement has been dark for several years. Nearby is another building...
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...In Cold Blood Truman Capote I. The Last to See Them Alive The village of Holcomb stands on the high wheat plains of western Kansas, a lonesome area that other Kansans call "out there." Some seventy miles east of the Colorado border, the countryside, with its hard blue skies and desert-clear air, has an atmosphere that is rather more Far West than Middle West. The local accent is barbed with a prairie twang, a ranch-hand nasalness, and the men, many of them, wear narrow frontier trousers, Stetsons, and high-heeled boots with pointed toes. The land is flat, and the views are awesomely extensive; horses, herds of cattle, a white cluster of grain elevators rising as gracefully as Greek temples are visible long before a traveler reaches them. Holcomb, too, can be seen from great distances. Not that there's much to see simply an aimless congregation of buildings divided in the center by the main-line tracks of the Santa Fe Rail-road, a haphazard hamlet bounded on the south by a brown stretch of the Arkansas (pronounced "Ar-kan-sas") River, on the north by a highway, Route 50, and on the east and west by prairie lands and wheat fields. After rain, or when snowfalls thaw, the streets, unnamed, unshaded, unpaved, turn from the thickest dust into the direst mud. At one end of the town stands a stark old stucco structure, the roof of which supports an electric sign - dance - but the dancing has ceased and the advertisement has been dark for several years. Nearby is another building...
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