...recent sample RRT= sampleRTT1 next most recent sample RRT= sampleRTT2 For a given TCP connection, suppose 4 acknowledgments have been returned with corresponding sample RTTs, sampleRTT4, sampleRTT3, sampleRTT2 and sampleRTT1. Expressed estimated RTT in terms of the 4 sample RTTs. EstimatedRTT = (1- α) EstimatedRTT + α * sampleRTT Hence, substitute EstimateRTT in terms of sampleRTT EstimatedRTT1= sampleRTT1 EstimatedRTT2= α * sampleRTT1 * (1- α) sample RTT2 Estimated RTT3 = α * sample RTT1 + (1- α) (α * sample RTT2 + (1- α) sample RTT3) = α * sample RTT1 + (1- α)*α*sample RTT2 + (1- α)2 sample RTT3 Estimated RTT4 = α * sample RTT1 + (1- α) Estimated RTT3 = α * sample RTT1 + (1- α)*α*sample RTT2 + (1- α)2*α*sample RTT3 + (1- α)3 sample RTT4 = 0.1 * sample RTT1 + (1- 0.1)*0.1*sample RTT2 + (1- 0.1)2*0.1*sample RTT3 + (1- 0.1)3 sample RTT4 = 0.1 * sample RTT1 + 0.09 sample RTT2 + 0.081 sample RTT3 + 0.729 sample RTT4 Generalize the samples for 4 RTTs Given to generalize the formula for n sampleRTTs. Let the EstimatedRTTn = nth sampleRTT EstimatedRTTn = (1-α)n-1sampleRTT1+α(1-α)n-2sampleRTT2+….+α(1-α)1sampleRTTn-1 +αsampleRTTn = α∑_(j=1)^(n-1)▒(1-α) ^(j-1)*sampleRTTj + (1-α)n-1sampleRTTn. = 0.1∑_(j=1)^(n-1)▒(0.9) ^(j-1)*sampleRTTj...
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