...about civilization. Civilization is brought out by Marx as an aspect that is influenced by conflicts. According to Karl Marx, there are two social classes of people; capitalists and the working class. These two classes represent the ruling class as well as the subject class. Karl Marx explained that the subject class is always under the ruling class. The ruling class controls all the aspects of productivity. This can be further explained by what happened during the colonial period. During that time, the ruling class was more domineering and they used their influence to control the rest of the society. This group of individuals can also be defined as the capitalists. The capitalists control and have direct access to all the social and political positions. The working class is misused by the capitalists in order to produce and generate huge amounts of income for the ruling class (Shepard, 2009, p. 22). According to the theory, individuals are always involved in conflicts in order to control others. This means that individuals will always struggle to reach the ruling class in order to earn more money, to accumulate enough capital that might help them rule the rest of the community. There are many benefits that are associated to the ruling class. One of them is that these individuals have total control over many resources. This means that the rest of the society has to depend on individual influence in order to carry out their intended activities. By keeping the working...
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...brings about civilization. Civilization is brought out by Marx as an aspect that is influenced by conflicts. According to Karl Marx, there are two social classes of people; capitalists and the working class. These two classes represent the ruling class as well as the subject class. Karl Marx explained that the subject class is always under the ruling class. The ruling class controls all the aspects of productivity. This can be further explained by what happened during the colonial period. During that time, the ruling class was more domineering and they used their influence to control the rest of the society. This group of individuals can also be defined as the capitalists. The capitalists control and have direct access to all the social and political positions. The working class is misused by the capitalists in order to produce and generate huge amounts of income for the ruling class (Shepard, 2009, p. 22). According to the theory, individuals are always involved in conflicts in order to control others. This means that individuals will always struggle to reach the ruling class in order to earn more money, to accumulate enough capital that might help them rule the rest of the community. There are many benefits that are associated to the ruling class. One of them is that these individuals have total control over many resources. This means that the rest of the society has to depend on individual influence in order to carry out their intended activities. By keeping the working class...
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...tyj tyj ty j tyj t yj etyjyjerj Overall, the United Nations has estimated that while developed nations give about $50 billion a year in foreign aid to the developing world, agricultural subsidies cost producers in the developing world some $50 billion in lost export revenues, effectively canceling out the effect of the aid. As one UN official has noted, “It’s no good building up roads, clinics, and infrastructure in poor areas if you don’t give them access to markets and engines for growth.” Similarly, Oxfam has taken the unusual position for a charity of coming out strongly in support of the elimination of agricultural subsidies and price supports to developing world producers. By increasing world prices and shifting production from high-cost, protected producers in Europe and America to lower-cost producers in the developing world, Oxfam claims that consumers in rich nations would benefit from lower domestic prices and the elimination of taxes required to pay for the subsidies, while producers in the developing world would gain from fairer competition, expanded markets, and higher world prices. In the long run, the greater economic growth that would occur in agriculturally dependent developing nations would be to everyone’s benefit. Although subsidies have been against the spirit of World Trade Organization rules, under the terms of a 1995 “peace agreement” WTO members agreed not to take each other to court over agricultural subsidies. However, that agreement expired...
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...virtually stealing in a video game called Runescape, a free massively multiplayer online [MMO] video game. However, Runescape doesn’t have any rules regarding Thievery. The Dutch Supreme Court came ruled the gamer guilty for stealing a virtual amulet and shield. The defendant’s attorney believed the stolen items had no economic value. The court disagreed ruling the time that the victim spent in the game to earn the two stolen items gave them value. Wiess’s clearly believes gamers shouldn’t be prosecuted for virtually stealing and shows his stance by sharing his personal experiences opinions which reveal why he disagrees with the court’s ruling....
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...Assess sociological explanations of the functions and forms of punishments of offenders. Note- Make sure the points link to the question. Don’t just talk about theory. Write about what it tells you about the forms and purposes of punishment. 1- Define punishment. There are many different forms such as…. There are also many different aims such as…. Punishment is the process that enforces a sentence/ penalty for a crime committed. It is one of the main ways sociologists believe we can prevent and control crime. There are many different forms of punishment such as deterrence that sanction the offender to prevent them to commit crimes. There are also many different aims of punishment such as protecting the interests of the ruling class and preventing the working class from rebelling, as foretold by Marxists. 2- Reduction. Say what it is and what it does, including giving examples… Also, say the three types of reduction, what they are and how they help/ effect Reduction is a sociological explanation for the punishment of offenders. They are carried out to prevent future crimes from occurring. There are three ways in which it can be carried out. Deterrence is punishing the individual to discourage them from future offending. “Making an example” of them may also serve as a deterrent to the public at large. An example of a punishment is Anti Social Behavioural Orders (ASBOs). These help deter others from offending because…. You publicly humiliate them to deter others to avoid...
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...her 3,514,417 dollars, but the law stopped the jury from awarding that much money to a case this size. She was to be given 300,000 dollars plus two years nondiscriminatory pay. The case was then brought to the 11th circuit court of appeals by Goodyear. Court of appeals only deals with lower court’s appeals. Anyone who loses can go to the court of appeals if they feel the ruling was unjust. The 11th circuit ruled in the favor of Goodyear, saying that Lilly missed the 180 day filing deadline. They stated that the 180 days time period started when she received her first paycheck, but Lilly didn’t know in her first 180 days. The case was now taken to the Supreme court. The case was no longer about if Lilly...
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...fatal diseases and advances in communication and technology. Science and technology has revolutionised economic productivity and raised standards of living. This success has led to a widespread belief in science; believing science can ‘deliver the goods’. However, this faith has been dimmed by science causing problems. For example pollution, weapons and global warming are products of science. While science protects us from natural dangers, it creates its own manufactured risks. However the good and bad effects of science show features distinguishing it from other belief systems – known as its cognitive power. It enables us to explain, predict and control the world in a way that non-scientific or pre-scientific belief systems cannot do. According to Popper, science has been so successful in explaining and controlling the world because it is an ‘open’ belief system. This means that every scientist’s theories are open to scrutiny, criticism and testing by others. As a result, science is governed by the principle of falsification - scientists set out to try and falsify theories, deliberately seeking evidence that would disprove them. If the evidence from an experiment or observation contradicts a theory and shows it to be false, the theory can be discarded and the search for a better explanation can begin. In science, knowledge claims live or die by the evidence. With regard to this, Popper argues that discarding falsified...
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...George Orwell's novel from 1949 is a dark prediction on how the future might look like, with a totalitarian system with virtually no individual human rights. The book was written in the shadow of World War II, with inspiration from Germany under the National Socialist Party and Soviet Union at that time. The book revolves around Winston Smith, a low-ranking member of the ruling Party in London, in the nation of Oceania. The story takes place in a dark and gloomy society, where the ruling Party watches every move of the people through «telescreens», even in their own home. Everywhere Winston turns he sees the face of the ruling Party's leader, only known as Big Brother. The Party has full control in Oceania. They control people's language, history, and they even have a «Thought Police» that watches over the citizens to make sure no one thinks rebellious thoughts, which is illegal. Thoughtcrimes is seen as the worst of all crimes in Oceania. For us in 2016, I would say that the most outstanding parallel from the book is «Big Brother is watching you». In the book the ruling Party watches the people through «telescreens», sort of a two-way TV. Today websites like Facebook and Google can save our every move online. They automatically track our likes and dislikes, all of our searches online and every website we enter. On our smartphones most of us carry with us every day and uses frequently, it is possible for hackers to get in a get access to private messages, phone numbers and...
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...balance of the Supreme Court lies in the hands of President-Elect Trump to select a Justice nominee that will revive the conservative movement and show the American population that conservative principles can yield positive results. This is an important issue to consider right now since the recently elected president is on the cusp of assuming office, and there is a rare vacancy, at a rare time, on the nation’s highest court. It is undeniable that this is the time to persuade my intended audience that a conservative minded Justice will take the Supreme Court in the proper direction. The intended audience of my argument is President-Elect Donald Trump, since he is the powerful democratically elected leader of the United States and the free world, who is responsible for choosing this next Supreme Court Justice of the United States. Dear President-Elect Donald Trump, My vision for the United States Supreme Court is very straightforward: the focus of our nation’s highest court should be on Making America Great Again through conservative beliefs and principles, just as you promised during your campaign. There are millions of people who voted for you to choose the next Supreme Court Justice and it is your duty to deliver the Justice that will best serve the very group of Americans who secured you the White House. In this wild ride of an election, the Supreme Court grew even more important, especially since Justice Antonin Scalia’s unfortunate passing. Scalia’s passing left a Justice...
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...also justifies social order. For example the hymn All things bright and beautiful demonstrates class equalities as ‘The Rich Man in his castle, the poor man at his gate; god made them high or lowly and ordered their estate’. Religion prevents people from attempting change, so the dominant groups can retain their power. Religion is used by the ruling class to justify their position. Marxist believes religion is a tool of class exploitation and oppression. Since religion disguises and legitimates the exploitative relationships of society by implying the world is shaped by god's will, which is therefore unchangeable. Due to religion people don’t attempt to change ‘gods will’ as they are promised rewards in the afterlife which will ease their pain of exploitation. Althusser argues that religion is a conservative force as religion, which prevents change so maintains being an ideological state apparatus, which distorts people’s perception of reality to serve the interests of the ruling class. For example the poor will contain to obey the ruling class, as they believe it is Gods will. He believes that religion provides the basis of ruling class ideology and false consciousness, where the poor are not aware of their exploitation as it is dulled by religion. A problem with Marxist view of religion is that it Marxist focus on Christianity, not religion in general. This means that we cannot apply to other religions, however there is evidence in other religions which support the Marxist...
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...limiting myself to the general features of the present Constitution. But let me first make some clarifications. The Constitution of a sovereign state is, in essence, the basic law by which the ruling blocs of that state say it will rule the citizens of the state. The Constitution is the will of the ruling blocs as limited but only limited by the struggle of the people. This clarification on the essence of a Constitution also applies to every structured organization, except that an ordinary organization is not sovereign, in the sense that it is bound by external laws (usually those of the state), in addition to its own laws. The sovereignty of a particular state is expressed and asserted by the fact that it is bound only by external laws and obligations to which it has subscribed. Otherwise that state is not sovereign. The Nigerian Constitution, the one promulgated on May 29, 1999 and currently in operation is, like its predecessors (1960, 1963, 1979, 1989, 1995), a very bulky document, a product of efforts by the ruling blocs to accommodate all their major factions. If a new Constitution emerges tomorrow through the ongoing review, it will still be a compromise between the major factions of the ruling blocs. But it will be a bulkier document than the present one, since there will be more ruling...
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...monarchies in the Gulf States takes root from their traditional royal families that were arbitrarily picked by British imperial interest – Saudi Arabia (the Al Saud family), Oman (the Al Said family), Kuwait (the Al Sabah family), Bahrain (the Al Khalifa family), Qatar (the Al Thani family), and UAE (a federation of seven sheikdoms). After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the traditional royal families in the Gulf States fell under British control, which sought to secure the route to India and pledged to protect the Gulf region from external aggression in return. Moreover, Britain’s imperial policy empowered the royal families’ authorities and gave them a recognized ruling identity. The arrival of Western oil companies, seeking concessions in the 1930s, further consolidated the authority of the ruling families (Cleveland and Bunton, 2009). This essay will focus on the impacts of oil-abundance on the Gulf states, which more precisely explain the resilience of incumbent regimes. The concept of ‘rentier state’ accounts for the continued survival of absolute monarchies such that democracy is forgone in favour of an authoritarian regime. The main argument of this essay is, however, that a combination of rentierism; and traditional Islamic culture, which are further reinforced by rentierism, elucidate the survival of absolute monarchies in the Gulf in a more accurate fashion. . The Islamic traditional cultures, such as consultation, consensual relationship, and value of...
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...The 15th amendment, CG, indigenous people, and related issues→ M. Serajul Islam The 15th amendment was inevitable because of the abolition of the 5th and 7th amendments by the Court. However, the Parliamentary Committee that was set up to deal with the Court's rulings extended its terms of reference beyond the rulings and delved into issues and areas that had already divided the nation, for instance the issue of the caretaker government. Interestingly, the day before the Committee placed the draft of the 15th amendment before Parliament; its Co-Chairman stated in the media that it would not make any recommendation on the CG. Lo and behold, the abolition of the CG was the number one recommendation of the Committee that did not enhance its credibility to the public. The 15th amendment has also created controversy with regard to the people of our hill districts. Recently, on the occasion of World Indigenous People's Day, a few comments of the leaders of our hill tribes attracted my attention. One of them said on TV that the people of the hill tracts should be "grateful" to those who drafted the 15th amendment for "upgrading" their status from an "upajati" (sub-nation) to full "jati" (nation) by legally making them Bangalis from their hitherto status as Chakmas and members of other hill tribes of the country. The tone of sarcasm and sadness in his words did not escape viewers' attention. Another tribal leader who was interviewed on the same issue said that regrettably when...
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...New Kingdom 18th dynasty. Thutmose carried out seventeen successful military campaigns over his ruling and was the most successful and tactical military strategist through his implementation of surprise attacks, belief of the Gods supporting him, tributes and oaths, the sharing of booty and the building of a strong navy and army. Dubbed with the title of “The Egyptian Napoleon” shown in the source The Great Commanders Of The Egyptian World, Thutmose demonstrated the ability to command the Ancient Egyptian world and dominate surrounding cities and countries. Thutose was an incredibly skilled warrior whose name was associated with the status of hero long after his ruling in Egypt. Thutmose III came from a dynasty of great and powerful military strategists which laid the underpinning for him to be a powerful “Warrior Pharaoh”. Thutmose III built on the foundations his grandfather Thutmose I laid out after obtaining his commencing his reign in early childhood. At the start of Thutmose III’s sovereignty, where Hatshepsut took full control and Egyptians experienced stability, peace and prosperity. The Egyptian army was on standby, fully equipped and ready to go when called for Thutmose’s first expedition in to Nubia and Asia at age 11. From this time the reign was a complete partnership with the Hatshepsut and the young Thutmose developing tactics, strategizing, making decisions and ruling as one up until Hatshepsut’s death in Thutmose’s early twenties. Thutmose fully excelled as a...
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...If this class is weakened, according to the Theory of Mercantilism and Physiocrats, the cash flow will become unstable and weak. Productive Class The productive class that includes agricultural laborers is also an essential class of the society that directly contributes towards the progress and development of the society. This is the class that get th least return of their contribution, however, their contribution is of great significance and cannot be disregarded. If any country does not have a stable labor or agricultural system, then they have to put in a lot more struggle and investment to stabilize their economy. Sterile Class Sterile Class based of merchants and artisans is another important social class that is also part of the ruling class most of the times. This includes the trading class that enhances the economy of the country through imports and exports within the country or region. The merchants and artisans, directly and indirectly, become the agents of reputation and image of their society at global levels as well. They secure the reputation of the society as safe or otherwise that could attract the interest of other investors, traders and other interested stakeholders as...
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