...upper class often did not have to work for a living, as they were supported by earned or inherited investments (often real estate), although members of the upper class may have had less actual money than merchants. Upper-class status commonly derived from the social position of one's family and not from one's own achievements or wealth. Much of the population that composed the upper class consisted of aristocrats, ruling families, titled people, and religious hierarchs. These people were usually born into their status and historically there was not much movement across class boundaries. This is to say that it was much harder for an individual to move up in class simply because of the structure of society. In many countries the term "upper class" was intimately associated with hereditary land ownership. Political power was often in the hands of the landowners in many pre-industrial societies (which was one of the causes of the French Revolution), despite there being no legal barriers to land ownership for other social classes.Upper-class landowners in Europe were often also members of the titled nobility, though not necessarily: the prevalence of titles of nobility varied widely from country to country. Some upper classes were almost entirely untitled, for example, the Szlachta of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Lower class: What constitutes a low class lifestyle? Crime comes to mind. Those who engage in crime, repeat offenders, those serving time in jail, drug dealers...
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...First of all, what does working class mean? It is the position in the social structure, which is characterised by manual labour. The numbers in the working class have been declining as manual work is replaced by automated machines. Besides working class, there are 3 more types of Social Classes in Sociology, which are: * The lower class * The working class * The middle class * The upper class Talking about the the lower class, it is typified by poverty, homelessness, and unemployment. People of this class, few of whom have finished high school, suffer from lack of medical care, adequate housing and food, decent clothing, safety, and vocational training. The media often stigmatize the lower class as “the underclass,” inaccurately characterizing poor people as welfare mothers who abuse the system by having more and more babies, welfare fathers who are able to work but do not, drug abusers, criminals, and societal “trash.” Moving to the middle class, it is the “sandwich” class. These white collar workers have more money than those below them on the “social ladder,” but less than those above them. They divide into two levels according to wealth, education, and prestige. The lower middle class is often made up of less educated people with lower incomes, such as managers, small business owners, teachers, and secretaries. The upper middle class is often made up of highly educated business and professional people with high incomes, such as doctors, lawyers, stockbrokers...
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...Why are people classified into social classes? I mean we are all humans! Some people have the same level of education but one is in a higher social class because they only have to provide for one kid while the other has to provide for four. Do kids dictate what social class you are in? We are all equal. I have the same rights as everyone else in America. That leads to another question. Some countries are classified as third world countries but are more modern than the USA. How can that be? I think social classes are stupid. So what if you make more money than me. I think there are three key elements to social classes that are a parallel with Thomas Greys Elegy Written in a Country Graveyard, wealth, position, and power. Wealth, Thomas Grey said “But knowledge to their eyes her ample page, Rich with the spoils of time did ne’er unroll; Chill Penury repressed their noble rage, And froze the genial current of the soul.” (Elegy line 49-52) When we hear the term wealth our minds go straight to money. Thomas Grey’s term wealth is talking about education and knowledge. Will being...
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...Julio Flores Professor Frazier Englsh 102 2/19/15 From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum From Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum focuses on the vast gap of education that divide four different social classes. Jean Anyon, the chairperson of the Department of Education at Rutgers University, and the author of the essay Social Class and the Hidden Curriculum of Work, which first appeared in the journal of education in the fall of 1980, says that a child’s social class reflects the kind of schooling that he or she receives. After reading article on public education and carefully examining the different levels she calls the working class, the middle-class, the affluent professional, and the executive elite. Anyon has stated that “It will be suggested that there is a "hidden curriculum" in schoolwork that has profound implications for the theory - and consequence - of everyday activity in education....” (Anyon 258). Anyon believes that a student’s educational perseverance will not be enough to place them on top of the ladder. She believes that one’s economic background determines their educational success and future. The first and lowest class is the working class. The working-class school is made up of nearly 40 percent of the population in the United States. Anyon observed that “In this class parents have an average income of about twelve thousand dollars or less. They hold jobs like stockroom workers, foundry men, and semiskilled and unskilled assembly-line...
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...In ‘An Inspector Calls’ Priestley explores the different social classes. I am going to have a look at how he manages to do so. The Higher Class are shown as being very self-conscious especially the older ones who are set in their ways. Even though they are happy about the fact they consider themselves above the majority of people they are obviously wary about the fact there are people more important than they are. ‘It’s a pity Sir George and – er – Lady Croft.’ The way this happens shows that Mr. Birling believes in social importance that’s why he’s trying to be careful with what he says as their son is with them, and any slip up could affect him. Then in privacy he brings this up with Gerald ‘I have an idea that your mother - Lady Croft… feels you might of done better for yourself socially’ this shows he is rather awkward and how there is a social ladder, and whilst he is Upper Class he is not at the top of this. Shortly after he says ‘I might find my way my way into the next Honours List. Just a knighthood, of course’. This also is as if even though Gerald is about to marry his daughter he still needs to try and prove himself and show he has some weight to throw. This also shows that to him he feels as if he needs a knighthood not just that he wants one, he feels that currently a lot of people would look down on him as he wasn’t born into power, rather he had to work for it. Mrs Birling Is very different to Mr Birling, she was born into wealth so has learnt how to act...
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...Evaluate the view that differences in educational achievement between social classes are the result of factors and processes within the school. Within school there are educational differences within achievement between social classes. Generally the middle class on the whole tend to do better and outperform the working class. Some of the reasons why are put forward by interactionists sociologists who believe that the difference is “a result of factors and processes within the school” which are internal factors which cause this difference in achievement between social classes. Interactionists look at processes in the school on a small scale interaction to try and figure out why there is a difference. However there are other views such as external factors which suggest it is factors outside the school which lead to differences in educational achievement between social classes. One internal factor which can be seen as partly responsible for differences in educational achievement between social classes is labelling. Labelling refers to the process of defining a person or group in a certain way. Labelling by teachers can contribute to differences in educational achievement. For example a study by Howard Becker discovered how teachers judged pupils according to how closely they fitted the image of the “ideal pupil” and based their judgement on many key factors such as work, conduct and appearance. The teachers saw the middle class as the closest to the ideal pupil and the working...
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...Outline and assess the view that in school factors have the main influence on the educational achievement of different social classes (50 Marks) INSIDE - The Curriculum What is taught in schools disadvantages working class pupils. The knowledge taught in school is different to the cultural experiences of working class pupils. For example, History deals with the ruling class such as kings, queens and politicians, rather than the majority of ordinary people. Cultural Bias of the hidden curriculum favours middle class pupils. This may lead the underachievement and truancy of those from working class backgrounds. Ramsay argues that knowledge is used as a form of social control and that there is a hidden curriculum behind the subjects of Maths and English to keep the working class in their place. Ramsay argues that truancy is a protest against this pressure. - Teacher Labelling Interactionists study the interactions between teacher & student and student & student. Their explanations are based on a “labelling theory”. Teachers judge students not by their ability or intelligence, but by characteristics such as class. Keddie – “Classroom Knowledge” Keddie studied classroom interactions in a large, socially mixed comprehensive school in London. She had found that teachers categorised and evaluated classroom knowledge. The knowledge that teachers gave pupils was based on their assessment of the pupil’s ability to cope with the knowledge. Pupils that were categorized as “bright”...
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...ABSTRACT. The notion social class attains a well-defined theoretical content in the works of the classical political economists, who defined classes on the basis of the specific income form that each category of people (class) obtains. This approach to class constitutes a first form of a "friendly merger" between political economy and sociology. When combined with the classical labor value theory, it has led to a theory of class exploitation of the laboring class by the capitalist class. As economic theory became increasingly apologetic after the "Marginalist Revolution" (setting itself the aim of justifying capitalism), the theory of class has been totally banished from the corpus of "modern (neoclassical) economic science." This paper claims that the scientific elements inherent in classical political economy's class theory were preserved by the Marxist class theory, which further revolutionized the classical approach, creating a new, purely non-economistic and non-mechanistic "relationist" class theory, an d forming thus a vivid economic-sociological approach to social classes. On the basis of the Marxist approach, complex problems concerning the class structure of contemporary societies can be tackled. I Introduction THE THEORY OF CLASSES MAKES UP one of the most controversial chapters of the social sciences, in the sense that it comprises a forefront of confrontation between the different theoretical schools that are formulated within the field. To clarify what is to...
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...Social Classes The Book that i'm doing is called The Outsiders which was written by S.E.Hinton and publisher The Viking Press in 1967.The genre of the book drama and crime and it's a coming of age book so the targeted audience is teenagers but anyone can relate to the book.The book has won 5 awards and it has been classified as a best seller.The story takes place in the 1960s with many diverse characters that makes it a very interesting book. The Theme in the book is about ,acceptance,innocence,and friendship and loyalty.I think the most important is friendship and loyalty because the characters face many challenges from their enemies and must stick together.The characters are poor and often beat up and bullied by the richer kids but by them sticking together throughout the novel but it is a tragic ending but the events that happens at the end of the novel the group of boys are redeemed for what they have done or did. The title and the theme of acceptance are connected because if the rich and the poor would have accepted each other regardless of their economic background and social classes the tragedies wouldn't have happened.Acceptance is the act of accepting someone or something but the characters...
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...com/locate/comphumbeh The role of social media in higher education classes (real and virtual) – A literature review Paul A. Tess Department of Educational Psychology, University of Minnesota, 56 East River Road, Suite 250, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Available online 26 January 2013 Keywords: Social media Higher education Facebook Twitter Blogs Educational technology a b s t r a c t The ubiquity of social media (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) is no more apparent than at the university. Social media are increasingly visible in higher education settings as instructors look to technology to mediate and enhance their instruction as well as promote active learning for students. Many scholars argue for the purposeful integration of social media as an educational tool. Empirical evidence, however, has lagged in supporting the claim. Most of the existing research on the utility and effectiveness of social media in the higher education class is limited to self-reported data (e.g., surveys, questionnaires) and content analyses. This paper summarizes the scholarly writings as well as reviews the findings of empirical investigations. Some limitations are discussed, and future areas of research are proposed. Ó 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction The growth of social media and other Web 2.0 technologies is unprecedented (Lenhart, Purcell, Smith, & Zickuhr, 2010). Social media technology has become an...
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...business/film. 3. Identify the target audience for the website. Explain why you think that target audience would use that website. The target audience for the website are individuals seeking a higher education or employment opportunities since the website offers various links to programs and courses, resources and services, admission for enrollment and events for job searches. * The demographic of the website is catered towards individuals between ages 18 and up since enrollment for college requires a high school diploma, opened for all incomes since financial aid is provided, and occupation is students since it’s an educational institution. * The socio-economic status of the website is available for all income classes (e.g. upper class, working class, etc.) since there are various of education programs and courses offered in the website. For example, the continuing education program * The psychographic of the website is targeted to towards an individual’s interest in seeking a high education since the website is geared towards...
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...1 Percent vs. General Public Upper class vs. the common people and the effects of the upper class interest to keep power; how well does the 1 percent of America represent my interest? I say it is a 50/50 relationship. They like money and power, and they, would do whatever it takes to keep it, so the decisions keep business as usual helps keep people employed but at the same time business as usual can mean the opposite. Money equals power, and I believe that, there (Americas 1 percent) interest to keep making money and to keep power they would do what’s required to keep our economy going witch mean job security for right now. Job security is something scares right now, and economy is not getting better. When the upper 1 percent of America that’s controls large businesses that employee a majority of our community decide to move to another country to save money that is when we (community) have conflicted interest with the upper 1 percent. Interest and conflict is something happening all too much now a day. America’s general public is not much different from the upper class when it comes to interest. The upper 1 percent wants to make money and so do the general public the only difference is that if the upper 1 percent decides to take their assets to another state let alone another country our general public will end -up with conflict. This is just one of the main reasons our economy is hurting, and our general public unemployment rate has gone up. It is a 50/50 relationship...
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...PDE110 ASSIGNMENT NAME OF STUDENT: EME IHUOMA Admission number :NTI/PGDE/2016/1001 Questions 1) Arrange the numbers 12,56,42,21,5,18.10,3,61,34,65,24 in an array and 2) Determine the range * If the class marks in a frequency distribution of length of laurels are 129 138 147 156 165 174 and 183 mm, find the class interval size boundries and limits Solutions * 65 61 56 42 34 24 21 18 12 10 5 3 * Range = H-L WHERE H =Highest value L= Lowest value Therefore; Range = 65-3=62 Range =62 Solutions (continues) A Length of laurel mm | | 129 | | 138 | | 147 | | 156 | | 165 | | 174 | | 183 | | * Class Interval size is the difference between the upper class and the lower class. From the data we have been given above the true value end points are 128.5-137.5. Making 128.5 the lower class and 137.5 the upper class. Therefore; Class Interval = 137.5-128.5= 9 Class Interval=9 * Class limits are 129 -137, 138- 146, 147-155, 156-164, 165-173, 174-182, 183 * 137+138 2 137+138 2 Class boundary is the sum of the upper class limit of one class to the lower class limit of the next higher class. And then dividing the sum by two. The first class upper class limit is 137 and...
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...For men in the 19th century they were to work in horrible conditions and obtain unequal wages, due to how their bosses did not want to pay employees by salaries but by the number of products their employees produced. Within the first image I can see a bunch of male workers, which some workers are very young almost seems like they could possibly be I their teen to early adulthood type of ages and as well as older men. I see an older gentleman who is wearing darker clothing with a cap on his head. I am going to assume the older gentlemen is their boss or even perhaps a manger. How I am identifying them is based off what they are doing and how they look with their clothing and facial features. The younger men are doing work whereas the older gentlemen seems to be looking over and observing what the young men are up to. What does that tell me overall is with my prior knowledge of how worker would be like during that time as well as how higher authorities would look like as well. Even the textbook describes how workers would look like for example “Manual wage workers, later known as “blue collar” workers for the blue work shirts they wore, provided the economy’s foundations.” So therefore that is how I know there is two different laborers with the factory. With that knowledge you know that the much younger gentlemen may in fact be a boss or manager, even could be a white-collar worker. This can be inferenced due to how we know that white collared clothed men were usually those who...
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...CASE SUMMARY: * Tanishq is the country’s only truly national jeweler * Targeted a more Western consumer evoking a “Nice, but not for me” reaction * Opened its first boutique in Chennai in 1995 as a precedence to tap the South market * Boutiques were spacious, intimidating , exclusive with limited inventory on display * In Feb 1996 launched its first 18-carat range of exclusively designed gem-set jewelry STRATEGIES: * Piloted an offering of 22-karat plain gold jewelry with about 400 designs * Multimedia campaigns were launched in press and on TV to focus on traditional designs * Prevailing under-karat age problems industry wide were countered by installing karat-meter * Seven-stone concept helped Tanishq to overcome the perception of it being a Westernized brand SEGMENTATION: Proper segmentation is necessary for any company. Tanishq’s designs were not for Indian women. It position itself as international brand for Indian elite market. However they later on started targeting the mass marketing since 1997. After research Tanishq found that 40% of the women are working and they targeted this segment with a specific group of product called collection jewelry for the working women. After reseach and innovation designs became more authentic. Titan also decided to transpose design by stocking Bengali design in Delhi. TARGETING: The main class was High class and upper middle class; it was branded and special diamond studded jewelry. Then it also...
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