...Chapter 6 The political situations in both China and Russia before their revolutions were much the same. Both had weak rulers and discontented people. In China, a succession of dynasties had ruled since ancient times. At the beginning of 1909, the Chinese emperor Kuang-Hsu had recently died. He left behind three-year-old nephew PuYi to rule the throne with the baby's father, Prince Chun, as regent. Kuang-Hsu's aunt had great power over the rule of her nephew, and she prevented him from taking measures toward the modernizing that China badly needed. China needed a strong, modern monarch to rule and not a three-year-old. Mother Russia had also hosted an absolute monarchy for centuries. By the 1900's, Nicholas II ruled all of Russia's vast territory. His father, Alexander III, ruled strictly but ended up stirring the kettle of discontent before passing the throne to his son. Nicholas ruled about one hundred years too late. Part of the problem was that he came after a series of rulers also in the wrong time. By the time he inherited the throne, there was little hope for Russia's monarchy. Nicholas II further destroyed that hope through extensive war and political entanglements with religious leaders of the Russian Orthodox Church. He participated in several wars despite the fact that his country could not really handle it. This destroyed the trust the masses of peasants and workers had in him, in the church he controlled, and in the government as a whole. Similarly, in China...
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...Topic: The world at the beginning of the 20th century Notes Timeline: 1871: Germany wins the Franco-Prussian war, and takes the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine. 1882: Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy form an alliance called the ‘Triple Alliance’. 1889: ‘The second international’, an international congress meets in Paris. 1898: The Spanish-American war, the Philippines, Guam and Porto-Rico are transferred to the USA. 1899: Boer, settler’s rebel against British rule is South Africa. 1900: The boxer rebellion in China against foreign influence. 1901: President Mc Kindy is assassinated by an anarchist. 1906: The British battleship the dreadnaught is launched, naval race with Germany begins. 1907: The triple Entente is formed between Britain, Russia and France. 1908: A commission uncovers abuses and maltreatment of tribe’s people in the Belgian Congo. 1910: Japan annexes Korea. 1914: 28th June: The heir to the Austro-Hungarian is assassinated. 28th July: Austria bombards Belgrade, with the opening shots of WW1. 4th August: All major European powers at war. Political Ideologies: Socialism: • Developed in the 19th century as a result of industrial revolution. • Based on enlightenment assumptions: 1. Mankind was basically good. 2. Problems of society could be remedied. 3. A gov’t owes a duty to its citizens. • Marxism was the most important form of socialism • Means of producing...
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...of the Archduke. Nationalism, was one of the biggest problems, due to the fact that every country was a nationalistic at that time. The whole nationalism started of in the early 1900, where all the european countries constituted a brutal rivalry and competition. There influences were cause by Germany,Russia, Austria-Hungary, Britain and France they all only wanted...
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...pyramid-shaped tower was built, yet scholars still wonder its function and symbolic meaning. Economic Systems: Creation, Expansion, Interaction Evidence of seagoing vessels that carried wood, metals, stone from foreign lands were exchanged with wool. cloth, barley, and vegetable oil. This trade helped boom the economy of Mesopotamia and other nearby countries such as Lebannon, Syria, Egypt, and Anatolia. Unit 2 600 BCE-600 CE Cultures: Development and Interaction The Parthians, a people originally from east of the Caspian Sea, had their threshold of Central Asia and shared customs with the steppe nomads farther to the east which helped foster the Silk Road. Economic Systems: Creation, Expansion, Interaction During the Sasnid Empire, the Silk Road brought many new crops to Mesopotamia. Sasanid farmers pioneered in planting cotton, sugar cane,...
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... London School of Economics and Political Science, 1 Jan. 1992, etheses.lse.ac.uk/1296/.) By the 1930’s, Western and Central Europe, along with Japan and Russia, had some type of health care system in place. Not much changed until World War II. Following the war, the UK launched the National Health Service,...
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...population were unhappy with their position in the Empire. By 1905, rebellion was inevitable Russia like many of the great super powers had been trying to expand its empire and in doing so Russia came into direct conflict with Japan who also wanted to expand throughout the Far East. Although Russians saw themselves as a far superior military power, they suffered a huge defeat; this led to many Russians questioning the Tsar’s leadership because Nicholas II was advised by Plevhe (Minister of interior) to go to war with Japan in order to heighten patriotic favour and national pride suggesting that Tsar Nicholas was uninterested and unprepared during his reign. Additionally, the defeat made the Tsar look even weaker and therefore encouraged the revolutionaries to act out due to the fact that resources diverted to the war lessened the already limited supply of grain and fuel leading to rising inflation which affected many Russians citizens. However, it could be argued the defeat to Japan worked in the Tsar’s favour because the Russo-Japanese war prolonged the revolution as many of the events of the war took place after the revolution had began. During Nicholas II reign, Russians saw industrialisation and urbanisation occur; nonetheless peasants and workers alike still suffered horrendous living and working conditions which was made worse by the economic downturn in the early 1900’s leading to a lack of jobs and regular income. Although, many worked sixteen hours per day, huge portions...
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...captures the essence of a war stricken Chechnya encapsulated by Anna Politkovaskaya. Anna Politkovskaya, was a leading investigative journalist and human rights activist who was murdered in the elevator of her apartment building in October 2006. Although she belonged to the generation of democratic intelligentsia she was a long time critic of Putin's administration in Russia. Her murder was a simple example of the repercussions that can take place when one anger's powerful people. A Small corner of Hell is a collection of articles on the Second Chechen War that began in 1999, after Vladimir Putin took over Russia. Politkovskaya was working for the Russian biweekly newspaper- Novaya gazetta and was sent to cover the brutalities of the war, for as a civilian she would be able to get a better perspective than any other war correspondent. A Small corner of Hell is hence, a compilation of the several articles that she wrote for Novaya gazetta with an introduction by Georgi Derluguian. The author of the book has tried to explain the Chechan war to the reader in phases, starting with a comprehensive history of Russia-Chechnya relations since 1818, till the turn of the century by a richly informed introduction by Chechnya authority Georgi Derliguian....
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...markets belong to the natural realm and therefore order is "natural" for them. However, document are created by humankind, and there is no evidence of any conscious plot by information movers and shakers to create perfect knowledge. Perhaps the urge to create order is subconscious. WORLD POPULATION The world population is the population of humans on the planet Earth. In 2009, the United Nations estimated the population to be 6,800,000,000; current estimates by the United States Census Bureau put the population at 6,831,000,000. The world population has experienced continuous growth since the end of the Black Death around the year 1400;the highest rates of growth—increases above 1.8% per year—were seen briefly during the 1950s, then for a longer period during the 1960s and 1970s. The growth rate peaked at 2.2% in 1963, and declined to 1.10% by 2009. Annual births have reduced to 134 million since their peak at 163 million in the late 1990s, and are expected to remain constant, while deaths number 57 million per year and are expected to increase to 90 million per year by 2050. Current projections show a steady decline in the population growth...
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...Prize for his work on the Panama Canal, The Portsmouth Agreement and his outstanding foreign policy. Roosevelt is deserving of the Nobel Prize because, up until the 1900’s, Americans have wanted to shorten the distance between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean in order to efficiently trade between America’s east and west coast. Roosevelt was keen on building a canal through Panama. During this time, Panama was a province of Columbia. Who refused to give the United States the rights to dig a canal through Panama. Roosevelt, not taking no for an answer, decided to support a revolution in Panama, but the day before the revolution was set to begin, Roosevelt sent the U.S.S Nashville to stop Columbia from defeating the revolution. This action prompted the Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty,...
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...opportunity for Germany to go to war. Serbia asked Russia to help in their cause and join them in the fight against Austria Hungry and Germany. By July 30th of that year Russia begins mobilizing their army. Though Russia had at this time largest land army in the world it was poorly led. Tzar Nicholas the leader of Russia portrayed himself as a week leader. He was running the country into the ground. He was a passive leader and didn’t have the strength to make the right decisions at the right time. Russia had a huge disparity between the rich and the poor. The Great War had many causes both short and long term. In Europe in the early 1900’s the major powers were England, France, Germany Russia, and Austria Hungry. All these countries shared a common trait that for thousands of years has brought many empires to the ground, their egos. Each of these countries has an extreme sense of nationalism and imperialism that thrives on the glory of the battle. England in this time had stretched its empire all over the globe. Germany had one of the strongest armies in the world. France believed in “élan”, which was a sense of feeling or being within each Frenchman. Elan was a sort of mystical charm that would encompass the soldier’s nationalism into the battle. This notion of glory and victory had spurred many of the wars that had come across Europe for thousands of years. There were many strategies during WWI. Russia in this time had the largest land army in the world...
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...The Gilded Age was first called so by writer and humorist Mark Twain because of the impression that it appeared as gold while beneath the surface was corruption and venality. Although was an age of extreme economic advancement and prosperity for the United States, it is more popularly remembered for its political corruption and and shady business transactions. As it was americas formative age, this was a crucial time to its becoming a world power as many small producers were transformed into an urban which was dominated by industrial corporations. The time period between the Civil War and World War I was a major step towards the making of modern america. During these unstable years, the Gilded Age saw enmity between farmers, unfair job employment,...
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...|5 | |Unit A2 1: Option 2, Crown and Parliament in England 1600–1702 The Changing Role and |17 | |Status of Parliament | | | |37 | |Unit A2 1: Option 3, Liberalism and Nationalism 1815–1914 | | |Unit A2 1: Option 4, Nationalism and Unionism in Ireland 1800–1900 |51 | |Unit A2 1: Option 5, The Clash of Ideologies in Europe 1900–2000 |67 | Introduction CCEA has developed new GCE specifications for first teaching from September 2008. This scheme of work has been designed to support you in introducing the new specification and was produced by practicing teachers who will be teaching the specification. This A2 Scheme of work provides suggestions for organising and supporting students’ learning activities. It is intended to assist you in developing your own schemes of work and should not be considered as being prescriptive or exhaustive. Please remember that this...
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...Europe, assassination, betrayal, alliances, and territorial disputes. Each of these events taking shape towards a war that would unite the world in a single fight. With the traits of nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and alliances being the motivators in the world wide war. Throughout time there have always been alliances, with different races forming together for single causes. Hence Rudyard Kipling’s quote in 1905 “Oh East is East, and West is West… But there is neither East nor West, Border, nor Breed, nor Birth, when two strong men stand face to face, tho’ they come from the ends of earth!” There was no exception in World War one, when Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, Russia went to defend against the Austrians’ with Serbia. With Russia in the fight, Germany declared war upon Russia, eventually leading France into the war against Germany and Austria-Hungary. With Germanys’ attack on Belgium, it provoked the British and included them as well into the nationwide war. Japan later joined as well on the Allies side, and with the sinking of the Lusitania the United States, Britain, and Italy went into the war fully. Imperialism was already enforced before the war, with most of Europe looking to take certain points within Asia and Africa. These points proved advantages and disadvantages to some of the warring countries. When the war was ready to commence the controlled countries were enforced with the ruling countries rules, forcing the populations within to submit to...
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...Between the time periods of 1700 to 1900, reasons for migrations differentiated from region to region, but also some changed within their own region throughout that time period. Such as the migration of the European people to the Americas, due to imperialism, starvation, and industrialization. Also, the migration of the African people to the Americas, due to the beginning and end of slave trade. However, when the Europeans migrated over to Africa and Asia, they colonized and conquered territories. During the 18th century, migration of the European people into the Americas was mostly based around imperialism. European countries felt the need to expand and colonize, such as Great Britain, which had many colonies along the east coast of North America. Additionally, Spain colonized the Caribbean and also areas in South America. However, when the Africans came over to the...
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...of the Archduke became a perfect opportunity for Germany to go to war. Serbia asked Russia to help by joining them in the fight against Austria Hungry and Germany. By July 30th, Russia had begun mobilizing their army. Although Russia had at this time one of the largest land armies in the world, it was poorly led. Tzar Nicholas (the leader of Russia) portrayed himself as a weak leader. He was a passive leader and didn’t have the strength to make the right decisions at the right time. Russia had a huge disparity between the rich and the poor. The Great War had many causes both short and long term. In Europe in the early 1900’s the major powers were England, France, Germany Russia, and Austria Hungry. All these countries shared a common trait that for thousands of years has brought many empires to the ground, their egos. Each of these countries has an extreme sense of nationalism and imperialism that thrives on the glory of the battle. England in this time had stretched its empire all over the globe. Germany had one of the strongest armies in the world. France believed in “élan”, which was a sense of feeling or being within each Frenchman. Elan was a sort of mystical charm that would encompass the soldier’s nationalism into the battle. This notion of glory and victory had spurred many of the wars that had come across Europe for thousands of years. There were many strategies during WWI. Russia in this time had the largest land army in the world. And by their huge force alone thought...
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