...Federal State Budget Institution of higher education «FINANCE UNIVERSITY UNDER THE GOVERNMENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION» Chair of «Macroeconomic regulation» Essay Moscow 2014 Introduction 3 Main part 4 The impact of sanctions on the financial sector 4 The impact of sanctions on the industry of the Russian Federation 6 The impact of sanctions Russia in the nearest future 7 Conclusion 9 Introduction The first sanctions against Russia were introduced on 6 March 2014, but they had a more symbolic and looked more like a friendly gesture from the West than on a real blow to the economy. The following steps restrictions for the Russian Federation have become much more significant and can cause serious damage to the Russian economy in the medium term. The effect of the sanctions were government officials, major banks, energy companies and the defense, in addition from European, American, Japanese, Canadian and Australian companies made a decision to limit the supply of technologies, weapons, minerals and other goods to the Russian market. According to analysts, in the current conditions on the results 2014 because of the sanctions, Russia will lose about 23 billion euros, or 1.5% of GDP, in 2015, almost 75%, which will further affect the economy and will account for almost 5% of GDP. It is important to note that in such conditions greatly slow down the inflow of foreign investment in Russia, 75% of them falling on the country's membership of...
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...Documents: 1993, The Russian Federation J.L. Black, ed. Gulf Breeze, FL: Academic International Press, 1995 Foreign Policy: “A Fresh Start. Tomorrow Will See the Inauguration of the 42nd President of the United States”—Bill Clinton (Ye), 310 Ye’s piece on the foreign policy in relation to the United States depicts the transmigration from President Bush to Clinton, and the “bad cards” which Bush passed on to him. The failure of Bush’s and Reagan’s “Reagonomic blueprint” resulted in a tripling of the federal budget deficit and government borrowing in excess of $3 trillion. Ye hopes that Clinton, as the head of the only superpower currently in existence in the world, would be able to jump start the economy by putting a greater “focus on the economy”, and focus on the taxing problems at home in the United States. The author can only hope that Clinton will be able to “play his campaign chips”, and hopefully, whether or not his term as president will result in the fulfillment of said hope. Quality of Life, The Environment, and Crime: “Already, They are Simply Not Paying Us and We Are Simply Not Working—And We Are Not Pretending” (Andreev), 361-363 In a survey asking whether or not people’s attitudes regarding work were changing, the majority of over one thousand respondents believed that the economic reforms instigated in Russia either worsened or failed to change the people’s attitude toward work. The survey also led to the conclusions that Russians had grown to distrust...
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...Russian Federation and the United States of America. Those two countries have been known to be the most powerful for decades, but also, the most conflicting. Russia and America have changed the course of history in many ways, as well as played a great role in the world’s economy, have discovered many resources, and played a key role in shaping politics worldwide. Although, the tension between those two countries was always present, is the situation now worse than ever before? How did we get here? Examining the past conflicts between the Russian government and the American, we may come closer to the heart of the modern conflict between two powerful countries; how these countries usually present international affairs and/or other political positions, and what they demand from the other side. International trade, resources, economic and military power, all come into play when it derives to international relationships between leaders and the country itself. Though, for the past several years, the conflict...
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...The peculiarities of elections to the State Duma of the Russian Federation (VI convocation) coverage by “Nezavisimaya Gazeta” Introduction The necessity for Russia's democratic development, constructing of the civil society and law-based state is now generally accepted. At the same time, the authorities often seek only to declare the general principles, but demonstrate little desire to implement them in practice. In such situation the population is justified to mistrust the government and be skeptical about its actions. It is widely known that the key features of democracy (which underlies the basis of civil society), except guarantee of the rights and freedoms are also such as: the acceptance of political rights and freedoms of citizens in the volume, which allows not only government parties and organizations to act legally, but the opposition too; the presence of representative bodies of power, which are formed on the basis of universal, free and fair elections; the “separation of powers” principle, which means that the parliament is the sole legislative body; political pluralism and publicity of power. The civil society will not be able to exist without ensuring equality of rights and freedoms for all people; freedom of citizens in establishing of political parties and civil movements; freedom of establishing the mass media and ensuring their activities. In the modern Russian society the media, as declared, should ensure dialogue between...
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...RELATIONS? 4 4 AUSTRALIA’S FEDERATION – HOW IS IT OPERATING? 5 5 INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS 8 6 INTERNATIONAL FEDERAL SYSTEMS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW 9 7 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5 PRINCIPLES OF INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS EFFECTIVENESS TRANSPARENCY ACCOUNTABILITY EFFICIENCY INDEPENDENCE 11 11 33 34 37 40 8 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 8.5 INTERGOVERNMENTAL FISCAL ARRANGEMENTS REVENUE RAISING SPENDING FISCAL EQUALISATION MONITORING POLICY 43 43 51 55 56 57 9 CONCLUSION 59 INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS IN FEDERAL SYSTEMS INTRODUCTION 1| INTRODUCTION Australia, like many other systems of government around the world, is a federal system. Federations, while divided into different levels of government inevitably have a degree of interdependency between governments. Inescapably there arises a degree of conflict or ineffective governance. For example, disputes may arise between different governments on the basis of service provision or infrastructure, constitutional jurisdiction, fiscal arrangements (e.g. vertical fiscal imbalance or spending powers) or environmental or social issues. Most federations have developed a system of intergovernmental consultation and cooperation to deal with such issues, and to manage and foster cooperation between governments. The character of intergovernmental arrangements is unique to each federation, and depends on various factors such...
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...Country Analysis: Russia MBA Fall 2015 International Management in Sport and Entertainment Table of Contents Country Analysis: Russia 1 Introduction 1 Economic Environment 1 Political and Legal Environment 2 Culture 2 Conclusion 6 Country Analysis: Russia Introduction Russia is the world’s largest nation, covering 6,5 million square miles, with a population of 143 million people recorded in 2014. Russia borders European and Asian countries as well as the Pacific and Arctic oceans. In order to make a decision, concerning the market expansion of an organization into Russia, the economic environment as well as the political and legal environment will be analyzed with a focus on the cultural aspects. Economic Environment Russia is one of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa), which are projected to be the fastest growing emerging economies, with a combined GDP of $16 trillion. With a GDP of $2.6 trillion, Russia is a leading exporter of natural gas and oil and is the fifth largest economy in the world. Services are the largest sector of the economy and accounts for 58 percent of the GDP. The most important segments in services include wholesale and retail trade, repair of motor vehicles, motorcycles and personal and household goods. This represents 17 percent of total GDP; public administration, health and education (12 percent); real estate (9 percent) and transport storage and communications (7 percent). Industry contributes...
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...allocation cum resource control. The paper takes a cursory look at virtually all previous attempts at arriving at equitable formula. The paper however, infers that in a deeply plural and divided society like Nigeria a polity that ‘robs Peter to pay Paul’ may eventually be both counter-productive and dysfunctional. The clarion call however is a federal system with fiscal policy that can imbue in the citizenry sense of justice, equity and fairness visà- vis revenue allocation. To do otherwise according to the findings of this paper is to jeopardize all efforts at national cohesion and integration. Keywords: Federalism, fiscal federalism, revenue, resource, Grants-in-aid Federal Governance ISSN 1923-6158 www.federalgovernance.ca Forum of Federations 325 Dalhousie Street, Suite 700 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7G2 Canada ♥ Ojo About Federal Governance Federal Governance is an online graduate journal on theory and politics of federalism and multilevel governance. Its mandate is to engage the global federalism community and reach out to outstanding graduate students interested in federalism and multi-level governance. By providing a platform for graduate students to have early success in their careers, Federal Governance seeks to promote and sustain interest in federalism and multi-level governance research among graduate students. Allied with the Forum of...
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...retail chain; Save Money, Live Better and EDLP (Everyday Low Price). Walmart is in 57 countries under multiple banners, but is Walmart right for Russia and if so, is Russia right for Walmart? The Russian People The Russian population stands at a 143 million people across multiple districts and is projected to decrease to 140 million (1.6%) by the year end of 2015. The main point associated with the population decrease is that the death rate of the Russian Federation, which holds 85% of the total population, is increasing at a faster pace than the birth rate. There is a slight increase of people that are migrating to Russia, not enough to outweigh the significant population decreases. Poor health conditions due to alcohol consumption (Vodka) have reduced the male life expectancy is 60 years of age. This has caused there to be a starling 10,000 more deaths than births over the last decade. This is 15 years less than other industrialized nations. It has also been reported that the live birth rate has decreased due to the overwhelming job opportunities for women beginning in the economic downturn of 2008. Russia is an ethnically diverse country. Although almost 81% of Russian citizens identify themselves as ethnic Russians, there are also other ethnic groups. • 3.9% of Russians are Tartars • 1.4% Ukrainians • 1.2% Bashkirs • 1.1% Chuvashs • 1.0% Chechens • 3.9%...
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...Slavic population dominate the total population. Many countries saw this unification attempt as a way for Russia to take over during international rivalries that were taking place at the time. Many proponents of Pan-Slavism saw it as a way to gauge Russian influence. Many nations believed that Pan-Slavism was an “invitation for the Russians to create a universal monarchy” and to “absorb and destroy” nationalities. (Document 11) An Austrian editorial stated that “Austria must put itself at the head of the Slavs and promote their national development.” (Document 5) This would be sure to “destroy all illusions of a Russian Pan-Slavism” and bring favor to Austria. Many Polish people believed that forming a Pan-Slav Empire would “renew an independent Poland” and “destroy the Ottoman and Austrian empires.” (Document 8) Despite the author having Polish bias, it is evident that Pan-Slavism was being used in many countries as a political strategy. The Russians, as a whole, were not fans of Pan-Slavism. Bakunin, a Russian anarchist, said that there was “no place for Pan-Slavic goals” as there was only “death, darkness, and slave labor” within Russia. (Document 6) He believed that the masses did not have a say in government. Many Russians saw the Pan-Slavism...
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...The articles of confederation caused problems. Had no judicial branch nor executive branch. Weak in central government, had no power to tax, no power to regulate trade, no power to coin money and back it up with previous standard, and no money to raise an army or navy. The Anti-Federalists found many problems in the Constitution. They argued that the document would give the country an entirely new form of government. They saw no sense in throwing out the existing government. Instead, they believed that the Federalists had over-stated the current problems of the country. The Anti-Federalists feared that the Constitution gave the president too much power and that the proposed Congress would be too higher-class in nature; with too few representatives for too many people. They also criticized the Constitution for its lack of a Bill of Rights. The Anti-Federalists also shared the feeling that so large a country as the United States could not possibly be controlled by one national government. Although the Anti-Federalists were united in their opposition to the Constitution, they did not agree on what form of government made the best alternative to it. Some still believed that the Articles of Confederation could be amended in such a way that they would provide a workable confederation. Some wanted the Union to break up and re-form into three or four different confederations. Others were even ready to accept the Constitution if it were amended in such a way that the rights of citizens...
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...The American civilization and the African civilization are unique and powerful. While the African civilization and the American civilization have similarities like their reasons for decline and role of religion, they also have differences like their role of women and contact with other cultures. Mali, an African society, and Inca, an American society, had the same reasons for decline. Mali’s emperor and Inca’s king both dies and both of their sons could not keep the empires together. The African and American societies are different people would think but they are very similar. Religion is very important, but even when different societies believe in the same or are polytheistic or monotheistic they don't all do the same activities. Both African and American societies were both polytheistic. Shintoism is polytheistic like the American and African civilizations once were. African civilizations converted to Islam while the American civilizations stayed polytheistic. The African civilizations turned to monotheism like buddhism. Religion is very important and even though civilizations believe in the same god does not mean they can not convert to another religion or perform their beliefs in a different way. Women were not treated with the most respect. Both American and African civilizations treated women with respect but they were still considered lower than a man. Women can be educated in both African and American civilizations but women could also became a priestess. In...
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...The Organizational Process: Organizing, like planning, must be a carefully worked out and applied process. This process involves determining what work is needed to accomplish the goal, assigning those tasks to individuals, and arranging those individuals in a decision-making framework (organizational structure). The end result of the organizing process is an organization — a whole consisting of unified parts acting in harmony to execute tasks to achieve goals, both effectively and efficiently. A properly implemented organizing process should result in a work environment where all team members are aware of their responsibilities. If the organizing process is not conducted well, the results may yield confusion, frustration, loss of efficiency, and limited effectiveness. In general, the organizational process consists of five steps (a flowchart of these steps is shown in Figure 1 ): [pic] The organizational process. 1 • Review plans and objectives. Objectives are the specific activities that must be completed to achieve goals. Plans shape the activities needed to reach those goals. Managers must examine plans initially and continue to do so as plans change and new goals are developed. 2 • Determine the work activities necessary to accomplish objectives. Although this task may seem overwhelming to some managers, it doesn't need to be. Managers simply list and analyze all the tasks that need to be accomplished...
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...BREAKING NEWS: The U.S, government has come up with a new way to govern. It is called the Constitution, why should we the people believe this will be better than the Articles of Confederation. Well first off, the Articles have many weaknesses, one of these being it gives the states too much power. We all know this was on purpose. In the beginning, we were scared to have a government as strong as England’s parliament. The Congress the Articles created can’t enforce treaties and can’t collect taxes from the states. Taxes, nobody likes them, but after this war that’s what we need to pay off all our debts. States don’t have to follow or enforce federal laws which can easily cause chaos. The new Constitution will create a stronger government...
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...A CRITICAL ASSESSMENT ON NIGERIAN FEDERALISM: PATH TO A TRUE FEDERAL SYSTEM BY: IRABOR PETER ODION 07037830536 p24real2000@yahoo.com DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL STUDIES, FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL) POTISKUM, YOBE STATE BEING A PAPER PRESENTED AT THE 4TH ANNUAL NATIONAL CONFERENCE ORGANISED BY COLLEGES OF EDUCATION ACADEMICS STAFF UNION (COEASU) FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION (TECHNICAL) POTISKUM CHAPTER HELD AT I.B.B HALL F.C.E (T) POTISKUM, YOBE STATE 31ST OCTOBER, 2011-4TH NOVEMBER 2011 ABSTRACT It is no gain saying that Nigeria is one of those countries that operates a federal system of government along side with the western world. Given the territorially delineated cleavages abounding in Nigeria and the historical legacy of division among ethnic groups, regions, and sections, the federal imperative was so fundamental that even the military government- characteristically Unitarian, hierarchical, and centralist- attached importance to the continuation of a federal system of government. But it must be said here that, while the system benefit most western countries, the reverse is the case for Nigeria considering the high level of political instability, ethnic crisis, and ethno/religious crisis among others The reason is not far fetch; Nigeria is operating a federal system in an awkward manner and this has make frictions and clashes possible which are currently posing a threat to her political development. To this end, this paper seeks to analyze Nigerian federalism from...
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...arket: Victoria’s Secret is a retail brand product of lingerie, clothes and beauty products, which is owned by the Limited Brands Company. It has thousands of retail stores opened in the United States and few in Canada. The Products are available through the retail stores, catalogue and online business. Such fast growing market was established by Roy Raymond in San Francisco during the 1970s. Raymond went beyond from just providing the traditional white cotton piece for underwear that sold in department stores, because he offered different colours, patterns and style that created sexiness. Such sexiness is created by combining European elegance and luxury. A market is defined as the set of actual and potential buyers of a product or service (reference). The current market of Victoria’s Secret consists of woman ranging from different ages, especially the younger women age early 20s to mid-30s will buy and prefer to wear luxuries lingerie in order to feel sexy and impress their partners. Other potential buyers are teenage girls going through puberty (age 13+), because they are becoming more aware of their changing body and feeling more mature. Also, some women would buy other type of products beside the lingerie, such as the Pink product line of clothing or the beauty products. In countries such as Canada and United States, the culture is so diverse that the market consists of different ethnic groups. Other buyers are men who would give gifts to their girlfriend or wife. Such...
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