...MODES OF ENTRY USED BY INTERNATIONAL FIRMS TO ENTER INTO NEW MARKETS. TERMPAPER SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULLFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE COURSE GLOBAL STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, AND UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. DATE17TH MARCH 2012 Modes of entry used by international firms to enter into new markets. Introduction A mode of entry into an international market is the channel which an organization employs to gain entry to a new international market. International firms use several entry modes to expand their businesses globally, and to enter into new markets, there are some basic decisions that the firm must takes before foreign expansion like: first they determine which markets to enter, when to enter those markets, and on what scale. The decision on which foreign markets to enteris based on the nation’s long run profit potential.-The international firm looks in detail at economic and political factors which influence foreign markets.-Long run benefits of doing business in a country depends on following factors:- Size of market (in terms of demographics)- The present wealth of consumer markets (purchasing power)- Nature of competition. By considering such factors firm can rank countries in terms of their attractiveness andlong-run profit. The time of entry is an important factor to be considered. Entry is early when an international business enters a foreign market before other foreign firms and late when it enters after other international businesses...
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...The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at www.emeraldinsight.com/1355-5855.htm Hedonic shopping motivations, supermarket attributes, and shopper loyalty in transitional markets Evidence from Vietnam Trang T.M. Nguyen Hedonic shopping motivations 227 Received February 2006 Revised July 2006 Accepted August 2006 Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Tho D. Nguyen and Nigel J. Barrett School of Marketing, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Abstract Purpose – This study aims to explore the impact of hedonic shopping motivations (HSM) and supermarket attributes (SMA) on shopper loyalty (SLO). Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 608 supermarket shoppers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam was surveyed to test the model. Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data. Findings – It was found that SMA and HSM had positive effects on SLO. It was also found that the impact of hedonic motivations on SLO was different between the younger and older, as well as lower and higher income groups of customers. However, no such difference was found between female and male shoppers. Research limitations/implications – A major limitation of this study was the use of a sample drawn from one transitional market. Cross-national samples will be a direction for further research. Also, the study focuses on attitudinal loyalty. Behavioral loyalty should be taken into account in future research. Practical...
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...74537_05_ch05_p215-264.qxd 10/8/12 4:04 PM Page 215 CHAPTER Discrete Probability Distributions CONTENTS STATISTICS IN PRACTICE: CITIBANK 5.1 RANDOM VARIABLES Discrete Random Variables Continuous Random Variables 5.2 DEVELOPING DISCRETE PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTIONS 5.3 EXPECTED VALUE AND VARIANCE Expected Value Variance 5.4 BIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS, COVARIANCE, AND FINANCIAL PORTFOLIOS A Bivariate Empirical Discrete Probability Distribution Financial Applications Summary 5.5 BINOMIAL PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION A Binomial Experiment Martin Clothing Store Problem Using Tables of Binomial Probabilities Expected Value and Variance for the Binomial Distribution POISSON PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION An Example Involving Time Intervals An Example Involving Length or Distance Intervals HYPERGEOMETRIC PROBABILITY DISTRIBUTION 5 5.6 5.7 74537_05_ch05_p215-264.qxd 10/8/12 4:05 PM Page 219 5.1 Random Variables 219 Exercises Methods SELF test 1. Consider the experiment of tossing a coin twice. a. List the experimental outcomes. b. Define a random variable that represents the number of heads occurring on the two tosses. c. Show what value the random variable would assume for each of the experimental outcomes. d. Is this random variable discrete or continuous? 2. Consider the experiment of a worker assembling a product. a. Define a random variable that represents the time in minutes required to assemble the product. b. What values may the random...
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...Final Strategic Plan and Presentation Name University of Phoenix Bus/475 Instructor April 22, 2011 Business planning requires strategic planning that will help the organization become successful. Strategic elements map out the direction of business planning mode (Pearce & Robinson 2009). An alignment between strategic direction and business activities are determining factors of a business organization success or failure. I have selected a Christian Internet/Cafe organization to develop as a strategic plan. This plan will include my mission and vision guiding principles. Mission Statement The goal in a mission statement is define the strategic planning of a company. The company mission statement describes “the company’s product, market, and technological areas of emphasis in a way that reflects the values and priorities of the strategic decision maker (Pearce & Robinson, 2009 p. 12). The mission statement says who we are and what we do. In the Christian Internet/Café organization the mission is to have customers of all ages enjoy coffee, food and purchase religious supplies and books and share the internet experience in a comfortable environment. The organization will be a place that is unique, upscale, and customers can be a part of innovative experience. Vision Statement The vision statement for my business is to become a market leader through differentiation of the internet/café. The aspiration is...
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...Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce An open access Internet journal (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/) Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce, December 2007, vol. 12, no.3 (http://www.arraydev.com/commerce/jibc/) ICT Adoption in Malaysian SMEs from Services Sectors: Preliminary Findings Alam, S. S., Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Business Management, MARA University of Technology, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: syedshah@salam.uitm.edu.my Dr. Syed Shah Alam is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Business Management at MARA University of Technology, Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia. He holds a B.Com (Marketing), M.Com (Triple) Marketing, Finance and Banking and Management, Ph.D. in E-Commerce. His research interest includes Mobile E-commerce, E-business, Ecommerce and online trust. Mst. Nilufar Ahsan, Research Fellow, Faculty of Business & Law, Multimedia University, 75450 Melaka, Malaysia E-mail: nilu-far70@yahoo.com Mst Nilufar Ahsan holds a B.Com (Management), and M.Com in Management. Her research interest includes organizational behaviour, and ICT management area. She is currently a doctoral candidate in the Faculty of Business and Law, Multimedia University, Melaka Malaysia. Abstract The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which small and medium size businesses in the southern region in Malaysia are prepared for ICT adoption. Most of the businesses have now accepted ICT as an important tool to increase its business in the domestic...
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...Queensland the Smart State Avocado market in the European Union Asian markets for horticulture initiative – a Queensland export program – Avocado market in the European Union Asian markets for horticulture initiative – a Queensland export program – Principal investigator Clinton McGrath DPI&F Trade and Investment Research Support Team Nick Macleod, Devinka Wanigesekera, Brett Tucker, Leath Stewart, Prue Tatt and Peter Smith Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries • Queensland The Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries (DPI&F) seeks to maximise the economic potential of Queensland’s primary industries on a sustainable basis. This publication has been compiled by the Trade, Markets and Investment Unit. While every care has been taken in preparing these publications, the State of Queensland accepts no responsibility for decisions or actions taken as a result of any data, information, statement or advice, expressed or implied, contained in this report. © The State of Queensland, Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries 2008. Copyright protects this material. Except as permitted by the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), reproduction by any means (photocopying, electronic, mechanical, recording or otherwise), making available online, electronic transmission or other publication of this material is prohibited without the prior written permission of the Department of Primary Industries and Fisheries, Queensland. Copyright...
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...American Journal of Scientific Research ISSN 1450-223X Issue 50 (2012), pp. 62-75 © EuroJournals Publishing, Inc. 2012 http://www.eurojournals.com/ajsr.htm Review Study: Business Intelligence Concepts and Approaches Saeed Rouhani Islamic Azad University, Firoozkooh Branch Department of Industrial Engineering, Firoozkooh, Iran E-mail: SRouhani@iust.ac.ir Tel: +98-912-2034980 Sara Asgari MehrAlborz University, Tehran, Iran E-mail: sara.asgary29@gmail.com Seyed Vahid Mirhosseini MehrAlborz University, Tehran, Iran E-mail: vmirhosseini@gmail.com Abstract In today’s challenging business environment, it is a vital for organization to access useful information and knowledge. Business Intelligence (BI) is an umbrella concept for tools, techniques and solutions that helps managers to understand business situation. And BI tools can support informational knowledge needs of organizations. With respect to increasing trend of BI researches in BI concepts and applications, in this paper, recent researches and papers of academic journals in this field is systematically review to classify and prioritize the concepts and approaches of business intelligence. Consequently researches was classified in three, managerial, technical and system enables approaches to BI, and specification of each approach and future research quid was described. Keywords: Business Intelligence; Enterprise Intelligence Approaches Systems; Review Study; Business 1. Introduction Today, in the rapidly...
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...Bloodlines of Illuminati by: Fritz Springmeier, 1995 Introduction: I am pleased & honored to present this book to those in the world who love the truth. This is a book for lovers of the Truth. This is a book for those who are already familiar with my past writings. An Illuminati Grand Master once said that the world is a stage and we are all actors. Of course this was not an original thought, but it certainly is a way of describing the Illuminati view of how the world works. The people of the world are an audience to which the Illuminati entertain with propaganda. Just one of the thousands of recent examples of this type of acting done for the public was President Bill Clinton’s 1995 State of the Union address. The speech was designed to push all of the warm fuzzy buttons of his listening audience that he could. All the green lights for acceptance were systematically pushed by the President’s speech with the help of a controlled congressional audience. The truth on the other hand doesn’t always tickle the ear and warm the ego of its listeners. The light of truth in this book will be too bright for some people who will want to return to the safe comfort of their darkness. I am not a conspiracy theorist. I deal with real facts, not theory. Some of the people I write about, I have met. Some of the people I expose are alive and very dangerous. The darkness has never liked the light. Yet, many of the secrets of the Illuminati are locked up tightly simply because secrecy is a way...
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...Introduction It’s as far back as I can remember, when I’d see a product on television that captures my attention, I’ve always had this feeling overcome me. It was at that very moment that new things become a priority for me. I can remember always shouting that I must have that particular item in my life immediately. This is the very same projected ideal and sentiment intended to manifest within the marketing demographics of the newly popular Hoverboard. This technological prototype seems to offer a wide range of impressive but also simplistic hoverboard models. Living in today’s technologically advanced society, creators have been able to provide buyers with our most basic purchasing desire; variety. Some offer consumers the ability to mobilize themselves through the motor-powered two-wheeled model. Others that are bit higher-end offer consumers the ability to levitate off the ground onto the board using a magnetic gravitational technology. Never the less, regardless of the budget or style, the new popular fad has caught on with consumers and is certainly carving out its own place in the market. Features The Hoverboard features are limited but tend to range from Bluetooth capabilities to the synchronicity of GPS mapping and assisted personal transport at speeds between 5 to 8mph. Creators have also found ways to add cosmetic appeal to the devices that directly is reflective in pricing such as LED lighting or AM/FM radio. Some celebrities have gone as far as special ordering...
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...REGULATION AND ENFORCEMENT BY ADOPTING POLICIES USED IN THE USA? Prepared by Muhammad Bilal Amjad 2B Accounting and Financial Management ID 20429857 AFM 231: Business Law School of Accounting and Finance University of Waterloo Friday, August 9, 2013 Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present potential suggestions on how Canada (more specifically, Ontario) can improve its insider trading regulation and enforcement. In order to do so, this paper will compare the insider trading regulation and enforcement in Canada and the USA. It will examine whether or not Ontario should take from the methods used in the USA in order to strengthen its regulation and enforcement of insider trading. Ontario was chosen in particular because securities regulation in Canada falls under the jurisdiction of provincial governments, with Ontario being home to Canada’s largest securities market. Introduction Insider trading is a subject of great significance in security markets all across the globe. Not only does it violate securities law in Canada and many other countries, it is also seen as highly unethical. It applies not only to equity, but also to bond and option markets. Insider trading is deemed illegal primarily because it is contrary to the public trusts upon which security markets operates; it undermines investor confidence, and as a result, discourages investment (Dessaulles, 2013, p. 9). In addition, it is viewed as being immoral because it is akin to cheating and theft of information...
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...CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study Since the 1960s to date, small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have been given due recognitions especially in the developed nations for playing very important roles towards fostering accelerated economic growth, development and stability within several economies (Yitzhaki, 2006). They make-up the largest proportion of businesses all over the world and play tremendous roles in employment generation, provision of goods and services, creating a better standard of living, as well as immensely contributing to the gross domestic products (GDPs) of many countries (OECD, 2000).Over the last few decades, the contributions of the SMEs sector, the development of the largest economies in the world have beamed the searchlight on the uniqueness of the SMEs; and this have succeeded in overruling previously held views that SMEs were only ―miniature versions‖ of larger companies (Al-Shaikh 1998; Gaskill et al. 1993). And although Small and Medium Enterprises have been at the center of the policy debate for quite some time in both developed and developing countries, little analytical work has been undertaken in this area.The dearth information that exists among researchers on Small and Medium Enterprises however provides a sense of how important this sector is for sustainable development in emerging economies (Medina, 2001). For instance, recent studies conducted by United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) concur that SMEs...
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...Financial Highlights (In millions, except for per share amounts) Year-end 2011 2010 % B/(W) change Company sales Franchise and license fees and income Total revenues Operating Profit Net Income – Yum! Brands, Inc. Diluted Earnings Per Common Share before Special Items Special Items Earnings Per Common Share (a) (a) $ 10,893 1,733 $ 12,626 $ $ $ $ $ 1,815 1,319 2.87 (0.13) 2.74 2,170 $ 9,783 1,560 11 11 11 3 14 14 NM 15 10 $ 11,343 $ $ $ $ $ 1,769 1,158 2.53 (0.15) 2.38 1,968 Reported Diluted Earnings Per Common Share Cash Flows Provided by Operating Activities (a) See page 23 of our 2011 Form 10-K for further discussion of Special Items. Contents Dear Partners..................................................................................... 1 China and A Whole Lot More .......................................................2–5 Improving US Brand Positions .................................................... 6-7 Core Strategies ...................................................................................... 8 Business Model...................................................................................... 9 Taking People With You ..................................................................... 10 ABOUT THE PAPER USED FOR THIS REPORT The inks used in the printing of this report contain an average of 25% - 35% vegetable oils from plant derivatives, a renewable resource. They replace petroleum based inks as an effort to also reduce...
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...Additional funds needed AMT Alternative minimum tax APR b Annual percentage rate Beta coefficient, a measure of an asset’s riskiness bL Levered beta bU Unlevered beta BEP BVPS CAPEX CAPM CCC Basic earning power Book value per share Capital expenditures Capital Asset Pricing Model Cash conversion cycle CF Cash flow; CFt is the cash flow in Period t CR Conversion ratio CV Coefficient of variation Dp Dividend of preferred stock Dt Dividend in Period t DCF Discounted cash flow D/E Debt-to-equity ratio DEP Depreciation D1/P0 DPS DRIP Expected dividend yield Dividends per share Dividend reinvestment plan DRP Default risk premium DSO Days sales outstanding e Approximately equal to 2.7183 EAA Equivalent annual annuity EAR Effective annual rate, EFF% EBIT EBITDA EPS EVA F Earnings before interest and taxes; operating income Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization Earnings per share Economic value added (1) Fixed operating costs (2) Flotation cost FCF Free cash flow FVN Future value for Year N FVAN g GAAP HVN I IFRS IPER I/YR INT IP IPO IRR LIBOR ln(P/X) Future value of an annuity for N years Growth rate in earnings, dividends, and stock prices U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Standards Firm’s horizon value at t ¼ N Interest rate; also referred to as r International Financial Reporting Standards ...
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... without the prior permission of the copyright owner. ISBN (10): 1-4438-4604-X, ISBN (13): 978-1-4438-4604-2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter One ................................................................................................. 1 Knowledge Hybridization: An Innovative Business Practices to Overcome the Limits of the Top-Down Transfers within a Multinational Corporation Hela Chebbi, Dorra Yahiaoui, Demetris Vrontis and Alkis Thrassou Chapter Two .............................................................................................. 17 Rethinking Talent Management in Organizations: Towards a Boundary-less Model Carrie Foster, Neil Moore and Peter Stokes Chapter Three ............................................................................................ 42 Solidarity as a “Commons” to be Promoted: Organisation of Collective Action for a More Responsible Management Bernard Paranque Chapter Four .............................................................................................. 65 Mindset and Behaviour Effect on Firm Performance Stefano...
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...UPS Delivery InterceptSM, UPS PaperlessSM Invoice and international UPS Returns®. Increased profits by $276 million in our Supply Chain and Freight segment. Grew international export package volume over 10 percent. moving more than packages At UPS, we pride ourselves on helping customers move ahead. Large or small, every customer benefits from the same integrated transportation network and the same can-do spirit that is a way of life at UPS. Today, more than ever, customers need a shipping and logistics company that they can count on for the fast, reliable service they need to grow their businesses. CONTENTS 3 Chairman’s Message 7 Our Corporate Commitment 8 Products and Services 10 Customer Stories 12 Board of Directors and Senior Management 13 Annual Report Form 10-K UPS FACTS Founded: Employees: Customers: Online tracking: Operating facilities: Jet aircraft: Package delivery vehicles: Freight vehicles: Retail access: 1907 425,300 7.9 million 18.5 million daily requests 3,000 worldwide 268 (world’s ninth-largest airline) 93,600 6,300 tractors, 21,800 trailers 64,000 D. SCOTT DAVIS Chairman and Chief Executive Officer In October 2007, the UPS Board of Directors named the company’s Chief Financial Officer, Scott Davis, as the successor to retiring Chairman and Chief Executive Officer Mike Eskew, effective January 1, 2008. Davis, who joined UPS in 1986, was formerly CEO of II Morrow, a technology company acquired by...
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